考虑服务水平约束的供应链多级库存策略研究

在电子商务快速发展的时代,供应链多级库存的研究显得越来越重要。笔者以单个供应商和多个销售商所组成的供应链库存系统为研究对象,以销售商必须满足的服务水平为约束,建立了一对多情况下的供应链多级库存成本模型,并且给出了一种有效的算法求解各节点的补货周期和库存水平。     

控制供应链库存提高物流效率

库存是整个供应链上的无缝连接器,库存越多,缺货的风险就越小.然而,库存越多,积压浪费也越多,供应链的营运成本也越高,因此竞争力就会降低.目前我国供应链物流效率低下的原因主要包括库存积压、呆滞物料占供应链的成本过高等.如何降低库存,提高供应链效率,具有非常重要的意义.     

ERP视角下供应链库存管理的应用机制建设方法研究

<正>从供应链库存管理角度出发,分析当前库存管理的现状,通过优化组织结构、优化内部库存作业流程、建立协同合作关系、局部调整库存信息控制系统、建立弱化“牛鞭效应”的有效途径五方面来优化库存管理的体系,并对企业推行的拉式供应链管理库存进行初步探讨。一、供应链环境下库存管理的特点供应链环境下的库存管理与传统的企业库存管理有许多差异之处：管理的绩效评价指标不同,管理的出发点不同,管理的思想和方法也不同。这些不同点体现出供应链管理思想对库存的影响。传统的企业库存管理侧重于优化单一的库存成本,从存储成本和订货成本出发确定经济订货量和订货点。     

基于供应链的企业库存成因及优化控制研究

基于企业全面库存管理思想,对库存成本、库存控制、库存系统优化等管理经验与前人研究成果进行分析,借鉴先进企业的库存管理理念和方法,以大型制造企业为核心研究对象,在集供应商、制造商、经销商为一体的供应链作为研究框架的基础上,运用供应链系统理论作为研究方法,分析了库存管理现状、影响因素及产生原因,从优化生产管理、整合企业内部供应链和跨企业供应链的角度提出库存控制的相应对策,以实现全面的库存优化,提高经营效益。     

随机需求下二级分销网络的整合优化研究

综合考虑供应链分销网络的设施成本、运输成本、库存成本等要素,以分销中心服务水平为约束条件,提出随机需求下一个供应商、多个分销中心、多个分销点的二级分销网络的整合优化模型.采用遗传算法,建立了一个精简有效的编码方法快速求解模型.数值模拟的结果验证了在随机需求下二级分销网络优化模型的正确性和算法的有效性.     

供应链牛鞭效应技术层次的对策研究

由于在供应链的信息传递过程中牛鞭效应的存在,导致供应链上的需求信息失真,从而产生库存积压、企业生产计划变化加剧、额外成本支出增加等问题.对此从技术层次上,通过建立战略合作伙伴关系,改变信息共享和库存管理方式,提出供应商管理库存的策略步骤,并对实施效益进行分析论述.     

供应链环境下的库存管理

多少年来，库存问题一直是困扰我国企业的一个难题，库存以原材料、在制品、半成品、成品的形式存在于各个环节，库存费用占库存物品价值的20％～30％，我国每年的库存成本大约占GDP的5％，如果库存问题能够被比较好地解决，那么取得的效益将非常显著。供应链管理思想的发展为提升库存管理水平带来了契机。在经济高速发展的今天，     

2012物流与供应链管理论坛会诊物流顽疾

日前，国家发改委、工信部和国资委在南京联合举办2012物流与供应链管理论坛，专题研究当前物价高企、企业成本压力大的解决途径。为何物流成本超额如此严重7据分析，目前我国工业企业库存率高达10％，而部分发达国家仅为5％左右，按2011年数据测算，库存水平每下降1个百分点，我国将减少库存资源占用8000多亿元。     

库存控制模型探讨

库存控制是一双隐形的手,库存控制虽然不是企业经济效益的最重要体现,但是如果库存控制管理得不够适当,企业将会受到不小的影响,本文着重研究了库存控制的各方面问题,主要由对库存控制的概念、流动资金的定义、产品成本的定义、原材料的定义、库存控制的意义、库存控制的方法等相关内容引出了几种经典的库存控制模型。包括ABC管理模型、订货点模型、经济订货批量(EOQ)模型。根据对以上内容的研究,总结出企业控制库存的方法,由此总结出如何加强企业库存管理的方法,并通过所得的结果来控制企业库存的成本,企业可以根据以下的各种库存管理的方法来进行企业的库存管理,进而来更好地降低库存控制对企业的经济效益的影响,从而来提高企业的总体经济效益。     

基于定单生产的供应链管理

定单生产的供应链管理(BOSC)能够使企业具备对市场的快速反应能力和柔性,其目标是在整个供应链上用最短的提前期、最小的库存和最少的成本来满足单个顾客的需求。通过对BOSC与传统供应链管理进行比较,阐述了BOSC的战略制定、开发、具体操作等实施过程,并对运用过程中存在的问题和解决办法进行探讨。     

Optimizing inventory decisions in a multi-stage multi-customer supply chain: A note

In this paper, we propose an n-stage-multi-customer supply chain inventory model where there is a company that can supply products to several customers. We formulate the model for the simplest inventory coordination mechanism which is referred to as the same cycle time for all companies in the supply chain. We conclude that it is possible to use an algebraic approach to optimize the supply chain model without the use of differential calculus.     

Fault tolerance modeling for an e-waste recycling supply chain

This paper applies a fault-tolerant method that addresses the problem of steady fulfillment in an e-waste recycling supply chain. Due to the double-ended fluctuations in this supply chain, conventional, optimization based, model predictive control cannot be applied without proper improvement. This paper contributes to the e-waste management literature in the initiation of prudent demand management. The inventory management problem is investigated for a double-ended fluctuation for the e-waste recycling supply chain. It is found that the risk-sensitive predictive control method allows all members to retain a constant inventory level, for which the control target is unclear and the demand fluctuation is high.     

Dynamic impact on global supply chains performance of disruptions propagation produced by terrorist acts

Understanding disruptions and how their effects propagate through the supply chain is critical to promote security and efficient movement of goods. This research proposes a system dynamics model as an effective quantitative approach for analyzing the effects of the materialization and simultaneous propagation of disruptions produced by terrorist acts on global supply chains performance. The article shows that the impact on inventory levels in the supply chain can increase 600% compared to normal operating conditions as a result of increasing the security measures on international borders. Finally, useful conclusions for designing more resilient supply chains and future research are exposed.     

The impacts of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology on supply chain costs

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is regarded as a promising technology for the optimization of supply chain processes since it improves manufacturing and retail operations from forecasting demand to planning, managing inventory, and distribution. This study uses a simulation model to calculate the expected benefits of an integrated RFID system on a three-echelon supply chain obtained through performance increases in efficiency, accuracy, visibility, and security level. The study investigates how the product value, lead time, and demand uncertainty affect the performance of the integrated RFID supply chain in terms of cost factors at the echelon level.     

The impact of transportation disruptions on supply chain performance

This paper investigates the effect of a transportation disruption on supply chain performance using system dynamics simulation, comparing a traditional supply chain and a vendor managed inventory system (VMI) when a transportation disruption occurs between 2 echelons in a 5-echelon supply chain. The greatest impact occurs when transportation is disrupted between the tier 1 supplier and warehouse. In the traditional structure the retailer, warehouse, and tier 1 supplier experience the greatest inventory fluctuations and the highest goods in transit to their facilities. These impacts are less severe for the VMI structure, although unfilled orders are approximately the same for each.     

Optimizing inventory decisions in a multi-stage multi-customer supply chain

Most supply chain models focus on two-stage chains in which vendors supply material to one customer. In this paper, we formulate a three-stage supply chain model where a firm can supply many customers. We deal with three inventory coordination mechanisms between chain members and solve a cost minimization model for each. We show that some of the coordination mechanisms can result in a significantly lower total cost than matching production and delivery along the chain. We provide some insights into when the added complexity of the second and third coordination mechanisms lead to significant cost reductions.     

面向电子供应链的企业物流信息系统模型研究

面向电子供应链的企业物流信息系统的开发和建设,有助于实现企业、供应商、销售商之间的协调发展,减少库存,降低操作成本,缩短交易时间等。根据电子供应链的网络环境特点,在研究制造业企业物流一般流程的基础上,根据主、辅制造商物流流程,提出企业物流信息系统的参考模型结构设计。     

A technical note on “Optimizing inventory decisions in a multi-stage multi-customer supply chain”

We first generalize Khouja [Khouja, M., 2003. Optimizing inventory decisions in a multi-stage multi-customer supply chain. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 39 (3), 193–208] integrated model considering the integer multipliers mechanism and next individually derive the optimal solution to the three- and four-stage model using the perfect squares method, which is a simple algebraic approach so that ordinary readers unfamiliar with differential calculus can understand the optimal solution procedure with ease. We subsequently deduce the optimal expressions for Khouja (2003) and Cárdenas-Barrón [Cárdenas-Barrón, L.E., 2007. Optimal inventory decisions in a multi-stage multi-customer supply chain: a note. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 43 (5), 647–654] model, and identify the associated errors in Khouja (2003). We present two numerical examples for illustrative purposes. We finally shed light on some future research by extending or modifying the generalized model.     

Integrating the warehousing and transportation functions of the supply chain

Electronic commerce and associated business-to-business transaction capabilities have changed the way in which supply chains operate. The Internet has enabled information exchange on an unprecedented scale, often at a pace too fast for normal consumption. Companies are not equipped to make effective use of data from warehouse management systems––which contain information on supplier/customer warehouse inventory levels and key customer ordering patterns––and transportation management systems––within which information pertaining to the location of important supply chain assets such as products or vehicles is typically stored. These systems are key factors in integrating the physical flow of goods along the supply chain. The integration of these systems leads to global inventory visibility, which, in turn, leads to reduced costs and improved customer service by decreasing shipping and receiving cycle times, increasing shipment and inventory accuracy, and decreasing lead-time variability. This paper examines the total cost benefits that can be achieved by suppliers and warehouses through the increased global visibility provided by an integrated system. We develop a discrete event simulation model of a multi-product supply chain to examine the potential benefits to be gained from global inventory visibility and trailer yard dispatching and sequencing techniques. Experimental results demonstrate the potential for this integrated paradigm to improve customer service through improved efficiencies, reduced costs, and reduced lead-time variability.     

供应链中采购与库存协调的研究

通过对二级供应链中采购和库存协调问题的研究,提出了两阶段协调方法,第一阶段在采购方内部进行协调,制定采购计划;第二阶段由采购方与供应方进行协调,从而降低供应链的总成本,获得更多的总利润,为使采购方能采用协调机制,可通过数量折扣的方法还利于采购方,达到采购方与供应方的双赢。