辽宁省出口企业汇率波动风险承受能力调查

自人民银行在6月19日宣布进一步推进人民币汇率形成机制改革,增强人民币汇率弹性以来,人民币汇率并没有出现大幅上升的局面。两周以来,人民币兑美元汇率有升有贬,呈现出双向波动的态势。外界普遍认为,人民币日波幅将在未来一定时期内持续呈现出较宽的水平。因此,在这场政治和贸易相互交织的博弈中,新一轮汇率波动将对涉外企业进出口带来何种程度的影响值得深入关注。影响企业汇率波动风险承受能力的主要因素     

人民币实际有效汇率波动对我国出口的直接影响

影响我国出口的因素包括国际市场需求、国内市场需求、国内劳动力成本、原材料成本、规模经济优势和人民币汇率等多方面因素,人民币汇率只是影响因素之一。人民币汇率波动通过改变贸易条件对我国出口产生直接影响,对初级产品和资本品等出口数量价格弹性较低的产品,人民币实际有效汇率贬值对出口价值增速的影响较低,     

进口国汇率及其波动对福建省出口贸易的影响

本文利用月度数据,研究进口国名义汇率、名义汇率波动率、实际汇率、实际汇率波动率对福建省出口贸易的影响,通过协整检验来估计各变量间长期均衡关系。研究表明,福建省向美日韩、欧盟等国的出口与该国汇率及其波动无关,而福建省向香港、台湾、新加坡等地的出口则很大程度上受到其汇率水平变化的影响,但汇率波动率的影响却较小。同时,实证检验还发现,对于关注汇率变化的进口国而言,名义汇率和实际汇率水平的变化,对贸易的影响程度基本相同。     

汇率波动、出口结构与贸易福利——基于要素流动与世界经济失衡的分析

研究世界经济失衡背景下,汇率波动对一国出口商品结构和贸易福利的影响具有重要的理论价值与现实意义。本文通过构建不完全竞争模型,研究了世界经济失衡条件下汇率波动对劳动力资源无限供给的国家(以中国为代表)的出口结构与出口福利的影响,并就汇率波动对不同要素密集度产业的出口量、企业利润、就业和出口贸易福利等进行了模拟分析。研究表明:具有一定资本要素密集度的劳动密集型产业的出口受汇率波动的影响最大;劳动密集型产业的出口受到的影响较大;资本密集型产业的出口所受的影响较小;汇率波动对各种产业出口幅度的不同影响将改变一国的出口商品结构。     

2009年中国汇率市场:出口企业警惕波动风险

随着未来全球经济的持续低迷,国际汇率市场的情况也不容乐观,在此影响下,人民币汇率的走势也触动着中国政府监管层、企业和个人的神经。国际汇率市场在2009年将如何变化？人民币汇率将走向何方？中国出口企业应该如何规避汇率风险等一系列问题摆在了人们面前。     

汇率波动与居民消费:基于中国、美国、日本数据的检验

理论研究表明,国家之间资本和产品流动的渠道越通畅、风险共享程度越高,国内消费增长状况与货币币值波动状况的联系就越紧密。本文利用2001年第1季度至2010年第4季度中国、美国、日本的数据对此命题进行验证,研究结果表明:在2005年7月人民币汇率形成机制改革前后,中美、中日消费支出增长率之差与汇率变化率的关系发生了显著的转变,汇改前表现为不相关甚至负相关,汇改后表现为正相关;而美日情形则有所不同,消费支出增长率与汇率变化率关系一直表现为正相关。这为中国扩大居民消费需求提供了新的解决思路。     

汇率波动、地区金融发展对企业创新的影响

一国经济增长的源泉在于技术进步,而技术进步的根源在于企业创新。基于企业微观异质性视角,文章分析了汇率波动与地区金融发展对我国企业创新的影响机制。研究发现,汇率波动会显著抑制企业创新,而地区金融发展与企业生产率的提高不仅能够促进企业创新,还能够缓解汇率波动对企业创新的制约作用。鉴于我国金融发展与企业生产率分布存在显著的区域不平衡性,随着汇率波动的逐渐加大,地区金融发展对促进企业创新就具有愈发重要的作用。     

欧元汇率波动对欧元区进出口贸易影响的异质性及其原因研究

本文使用面板数据的变系数固定效应研究方法,利用1999～2012年的季度数据,实证研究了12个欧元区国家与美国的进出口贸易受欧元汇率波动影响的程度及其异质性。本文发现,在欧盟创始国的范围内,汇率波动效应的异质性不显著,但随着欧元区的不断扩大,汇率波动效应的异质性加强了。异质性的原因是欧元区各国在经济发展水平、产品竞争力、金融市场发达程度和经济一体化程度等方面的差异。     

汇率波动对企业现金持有的影响

本文利用回归方法,验证了汇率波动对企业现金持有的影响,实证结构表明,企业现金持有率与汇率有负相关关系,当汇率上升时,企业现金持有率下降,当汇率下降时,企业现金持有率升高,研究还发现,企业的现金持有政策与企业当年是否有出口额有关.     

人民币汇率波动对进出口贸易的影响及应对

汇率是调节国家贸易收支的重要杠杆,汇率波动会对进出口贸易造成显著的影响。文章分析了人民币汇率波动对进出口贸易的消极影响,并提出了相应的应对策略,以期促进我国进出口贸易的健康发展。     

美国思想政治教育方法及其对我国的启示

中美两国的思想政治教育方法既各有特殊性,又具有普遍性。研究美国的思想政治教育的方法,对加强和改进我国的思想政治教育具有借鉴和启发作用。     

United States-China two-way direct investment: Opportunities and challenges

There is surprisingly little cross investment between the U.S. and China, the two largest economies in the world. Only 1.5% of the stock of U.S. direct investment abroad was in China at end-2015. The stock of Chinese direct investment in the U.S. is also lower than would be expected given that the U.S. is the world’s largest recipient of FDI. In recent years, however, the flow of direct investment from China to the U.S. has accelerated rapidly, and if current trends persist within a short time there will be a larger stock of Chinese investment in the U.S. than of U.S. investment in China. The small amount of U.S. investment in China can be traced to two primary factors: first, poor protection of property rights, including intellectual property rights (IPR), which limits the potential benefits that U.S. firms can receive from their technology and brands; and China’s restrictions on direct investment in many sectors important to U.S. firms. Among G-20 countries, China is the most restrictive in terms of openness to direct investment. The relatively small amount of Chinese investment in the U.S. can also be traced to two factors: first, much of the initial impetus for Chinese firms to go out was to secure natural resources, while the U.S. is not a resource-rich country relative to its GDP or population; and second, the national security reviews of the Committee on Foreign Investment in the U.S. have soured many Chinese investors on the U.S. market. The two countries have agreed to negotiate a Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT). This could open the doors to large amounts of investment in both directions if it addresses key issues. For U.S. firms, access to more sectors and better protection of IPR are crucial. Chinese firms seek a less politicized environment in which to invest. In its Third Plenum decision of 2013 the Communist Party leadership indicated its intention to open more sectors to foreign investment and competition. A BIT could help lock in these necessary reforms.     

Family and sex-specific U.S. immigration from Europe, 1870–1910: A panel data study of rates and composition

This paper develops and estimates models of family and sex-specific emigration, as well as the sex composition of this emigration, from 12 European source countries to the U.S. for the period 1870–1910. The models are based on the distinction between economic migrants (males, single females, and some married females) and tied or trailing migrants (females) and are estimated with panel data, including data that relate to the occupational/industrial structure of male and female economic activity in source countries. Hausman-Taylor instrumental variable estimates suggest that although both males and females responded to labor-market signals, males were more responsive than females to per capita GDP differences. Moreover, compared to the rest of Europe, Ireland, and Scandinavia were the sources of many young, single male, and female migrants, who responded strongly to gaps in economic opportunities. In fact, much of the European response to such gaps appears to be due to migrants from Ireland and Scandinavia. Females tended to originate in English-speaking countries and countries that were agriculturally oriented. Service and manufacturing jobs in source countries discouraged the migration of females relative to males. Males tended to follow recent migrants more than females, but females responded more to long-term influences as measured by stocks of migrants from their source countries who had previously settled in the U.S. Countries with high birth rates had relatively fewer female emigrants, whereas those with high rates of natural increase 20 years earlier experienced relatively more male emigration. Intact families, other family members (including family-strategy male migrants and trailing female migrants), and single males and females responded strongly to economic incentives, but the singles were most responsive followed by family-strategy males.     

Was it really a dollar peg?: The exchange rate policies of East Asian countries, 1980–1997

This paper examines the exchange rate policies of East Asian countries during the period preceding the currency crisis of 1997, in an attempt to ascertain the extent to which they could be considered, as they frequently are, as a dollar peg. We do so by estimating the implicit weights of foreign currencies in the nominal exchange rate determination of East Asian currencies by means of a time-varying parameter model. The crucial element of our approach concerns how the weight of the Japanese yen was altered in response to the movement of the yen–dollar exchange rate. It is found that, while the weight of the U.S. dollar was large and the weight of the Japanese yen was small for the period as a whole, the weight of the yen was raised in some of the countries in the early 1990s. In particular, the Korean and Malaysian authorities raised the weight of the yen when the yen depreciated against the U.S. dollar, while the Singaporean authorities raised the weight of the yen when the yen appreciated against the dollar.     

Income Inequality,Human Capital,and Income Growth: Evidence from a State-Level VAR Analysis

We use Granger causality and impulse response analysis to examine the relationship between income inequality, human capital attainment, and income growth using annual state-level data over the period 1929–2000. We find consistent evidence that the income share of the top decile Granger-causes income growth, but only weak evidence that income growth Granger-causes the top decile income share. Moreover, an impulse response analysis indicates that income growth responds negatively to permanent changes in the income share of the top decile. These findings appear to have important regional variations, however, with the more densely populated Eastern states showing the strongest associations. We also find evidence that years of schooling may Granger-cause income levels, but little evidence that years of schooling Granger-causes the top decile income share.

国际税务会计模式比较研究及对我国的启示

世界范围内大致形成了三种不同的税务会计模式,即财税完全独立的税务会计模式、财税完全同意的税务会计模式和财税相互协调的税务会计模式,本文选取了三种模式的代表国家美国、法国和日本作为研究对象进行比较分析。通过对三国会计环境的分析以及结合当前国内外经济发展形势指出我国税务会计的发展路径并为完善我国税务会计带来一点启示。     

美国诚信体系建设对我国的启示

从以教育和宗教主导的"软性力量"和以三类信用机构和法律主导的"硬性力量"两个角度来分析美国诚信体系的构成,指出美国诚信体系的特点及存在的问题。借鉴美国诚信体系的建设经验,提出我国诚信体系建设的四条对策与建议。     

产业地理与贸易决策——理解中美贸易战的微观逻辑

2018年开始,美国对华发起规模空前的贸易战,具体内容主要包括“关税战”和“技术战”两个方面。贸易战在美国国内引发了明显的利益分化,利益受损方及其在政治体系中的代表力量成为特朗普政府与中国达成贸易协议以在某种程度上减弱贸易战烈度甚至结束贸易战的主要动力。由于美国的产业呈现高度的地理集聚特征,在中美贸易战中利益受到损失的产业最终会通过它们所在选区的政治代言人来表达自身的利益诉求,因此,理解美国产业地理政治的基本特征是理解中美贸易战进程中两国变换采取攻守策略的逻辑基础。作者认为,以产业集中分布为特征的产业地理和以选区为中心的政治地理是理解美国社会利益和政策偏好向联邦政府传导的两把“钥匙”,它们共同构成了塑造联邦政府对华贸易政策的微观利益基础和核心动力机制。由于受损者比获益者更有动力站出来表达利益诉求以影响政府决策,作者在实证部分集中关注美国对华货物出口行业的产业地理政治,分析中美贸易战中美国国内潜在的反对力量,进而为有针对性地制定对美反制措施提出政策建议。     

黑龙江省GDP与农业产业关系的实证研究

黑龙江省是农业大省,不仅是国家重要的优质商品粮战略基地之一,还是主要的畜产品和林产品生产基地。黑龙江省GDP与农业产业之间的关系密切,搞好农业产业化应做好以下几点：发展规模经济;加大金融支持;采取积极的宏观调控措施;大力发展绿色农业;加大对气候的研究;提高牧业、渔业在农业中的比重。