培育亚洲债券市场北大核心CSSCISSCI

由于制度基础的欠缺与本地区货币的“原罪”,使亚洲地区的储蓄与投资需求不匹配,在国际金融市场日益融合的今天,亚洲金融资本市场面临着双重风险,即银行体系以短期存款支持长期项目融资的期限错配和外币借款支持本地项目融资的币种错配。双重错配已经成为亚洲各国金融体系不稳定的重要风险来源。在吸取亚洲金融危机教训的基础上,亚洲各国强烈地认识到培育资本市场特别是培育有着充分流动性的、以本国货币计值的国内债券市场和亚洲区域债券市场是非常重要的。     

培育亚洲债券市场

由于制度基础的欠缺与本地区货币的“原罪”,使亚洲地区的储蓄与投资需求不匹配,在国际金融市场日益融合的今天,亚洲金融资本市场面临着双重风险,即银行体系以短期存款支持长期项目融资的期限错配和外币借款支持本地项目融资的币种错配。双重错配已经成为亚洲各国金融体系不稳定的重要风险来源。在吸取亚洲金融危机教训的基础上,亚洲各国强烈地认识到培育资本市场特别是培育有着充分流动性的、以本国货币计值的国内债券市场和亚洲区域债券市场是非常重要的。     

论我国货币错配的性质

在全球货币尚未统一的现实条件下,货币错配是一种普遍现象。根据一国对外资产与对外债务的状况,可以把货币错配分为两种类型即债权型货币错配与债务型货币错配,本文首先探讨了这两种类型货币错配对一国经济与金融的影响;其次,根据我国经济发展的现状,指出我国存在较为严重的债权型货币错配;最后,提出了防范债权型货币错配的相关政策建议。     

中国货币错配:部门层面的交叉测度

本文回顾了国际上测度货币错配指标体系的演变进程,提出综合货币错配绝对量指标,并用该指标测度中国总体货币错配,而且将经济体分解至公共部门、银行部门、公司部门、居民部门进行部门层面间的交叉测度。结果显示,中国目前面临着巨大的净外币资产型的货币错配,并已经造成巨大损失。部门之间交叉程度不高,货币错配主要集中在公共部门(79%)和银行部门。     

全球金融危机背景下的我国货币错配问题研究

我国的货币错配具有一些自身的特点,表现为巨额正外币资产头寸,在全球金融危机背景下,这将带来巨大的风险挑战。因此加强对货币错配问题的研究对于宏观经济政策的制定特别是对汇率制度的改革,具有非常重要的现实意义。本文首先通过估计我国的货币错配水平,分析我国的货币错配现状,指出全球金融危机背景下的风险挑战,进而提出相应的风险防范措施。     

债权型货币错配与最优外汇干预程度：基于净值效应的研究

近年来,中国非公共部门债权型货币错配风险持续积累,并通过债权型货币错配的净值效应对金融安全和宏观经济稳定造成冲击,需要引起足够的重视。外汇干预可以抑制净值效应,但如何确定最优的外汇干预程度仍是一个值得深入探讨的问题。对此,文章首先构建了符合中国国情的开放经济模型并基于产出和价格稳定的视角进行了福利分析。结果显示,净值效应对经济的影响是非中性的,而外汇干预对经济的影响是中性的;净值效应对福利损失函数的影响是非线性且不连续的,其影响大小取决于一国的各项经济参数及冲击的大小;外汇干预程度的调整可以有效对冲净值效应,但是渐进地调整外汇干预程度并不必然是最优的。进而,文章基于中国的经验数据估计了模型参数,测算了最优的外汇干预程度。文章发现,在当前存在严重债权型货币错配的情况下,中国应适度降低外汇干预程度。然而,在逐步降低外汇干预的过程中,货币错配净值效应对物价的通缩影响已经开始显现。为避免重蹈世界最大债权国日本的覆辙,中国在扩大对外开放的进程中不应完全放弃外汇干预这一非常规货币政策工具。     

论货币替代、美元化与货币错配

货币替代、美元化与货币错配是发展中国家在经济和金融全球化过程中所普遍面临的问题,三者都会对其宏观经济稳定造成巨大的不利影响。它们在现象上非常相似,相互之间的联系也非常密切,但是在本质上具有不同的内涵,在形成机制等方面也不同。     

中国债权型货币错配探究

在世界各国货币尚未统一的现实条件下,货币错配是客观存在而又难以回避的普遍现象。我们根据一国对外资产与对外债务的状况,可以把货币错配分为两种类型即债权型货币错配与债务型货币错配。本文首先介绍货币错配研究的若干理论;其次,结合中国的债权型货币错配的特点,进行成因分析;最后,给出了弱化中国债权型货币错配的相关政策建议。     

论亚元构想的基础及可行性

欧元的诞生和发展使关于东亚货币一体化、建立“亚元区”的观点不断被提出。在经济全球化和区域一体化的形势下,区域性货币联盟的发展将成为世界金融稳定的主要基础。为了维持亚洲货币和金融市场的稳定,保证亚洲经济的正常发展．经济联系十分密切的亚洲应吸取欧元的成功经验．创立亚洲统一货币——亚元。本文主要分析了创立亚洲统一货币这一构想的基础及可行性。     

谈我国对外经济贸易活动中外汇风险的表现及防范

一、外汇风险产生的原因及在我国对外经济贸易活动中的表现从货币上看 ,外汇风险在我国对外经济贸易活动中的表现有以下三个方面 :1 .外币与外币之间的汇率风险。主要是各种外币与美元之间因汇率变化而引起的风险。美元是国际上的中心货币 ,我国的进口、出口利用外资都以美元为基本的计算货币和统一货币。这样 ,其它货币的外汇风险往往表现在其对美元汇价的变化上。例如 ,企业从银行得到美元外汇贷款后 ,从日本进口技术设备并用日元支付贷款 ,在日元与美元之间的汇率变化时 ,就会出现汇价风险。2 .外币与人民币之间的汇率风险。我国的人民币…     

Foreign devaluation as a coordinating device of heterogeneous investors: A game‐theoretic analysis of financial contagion

This paper investigates financial contagion by extending the Morris–Shin (1998) model of financial crises. It is assumed that before a devaluation in a foreign country, home investors have only private information on the state of the home country. It is demonstrated that the occurrence of a currency crisis in the foreign country may trigger a similar crisis in the home country by coordinating heterogeneous beliefs of home investors. The model is designed to describe the Asian currency crisis of 1997.     

Stock market uncertainty and uncovered equity parity deviation: Evidence from Asia

Recently, many empirical studies document that a country's stock market performance relative to the US and its local currency units per US dollar tend to move in opposite direction over the short run, also known as the uncovered equity parity (UEP) condition. However, those studies have applied only to advanced economies to date. This study conducted the same tests to a sample of 18 Asian economies. To one's surprise, we found that the UEP condition reverses its sign among Asian currencies. In addition, measures of stock market uncertainty are suggested as a potential driving force behind this UEP reversal for Asian economies. This surprising result suggests that there might be other mechanisms behind the joint dynamics of equity and currency returns than the portfolio rebalancing caused by incomplete foreign exchange risk hedging. The reasoning is that Asian foreign exchange (FX) markets are even more subject to incomplete foreign exchange risk hedging. Thus, one should expect even stronger UEP evidence from Asian currency markets if the portfolio rebalancing mechanism was the only force at play.     

Measuring Net Foreign Assets： The Case of China

This paper discusses two methods of measuring net foreign assets（NFA）： directly using the financial account and indirectly using the current account. The former method is found to be more accurate than the latter method. The paper also includes a detailed discussion of the valuation methodology. The results show that China＇s NFA are much lower than the cumulative current account surplus or the cumulative foreign exchange reserves. This leads to an underestimation of growth in foreign direct investment and an overestimation of the capacity of foreign exchange reserves to cope with possible withdrawals. Therefore, the Chinese Government should pay more attention to valuation issues to obtain more accurate measurement of NFA. Meanwhile, the Chinese monetary authority should relax its control on the foreign exchange settlement system, allow the private sector to hold a certain amount of foreign exchange, and encourage foreign assets to be denominated in RMB to solve structural problems, including entity and currency mismatch     

Causes of the financial crisis and the need of monetary cooperation in East Asia

The Main causes of the East Asian financial crisis in 1997–98 can be divided into domestic and foreign ones. The domestic cause stems from structural and liquidity problems, with growing share of non‐performing loans in the financial sector, posing as the most visible manifestation of such problems. On the other side, there is the foreign cause, the sudden fall of the yen against the dollar under the region's unstable foreign exchange system and also its over‐dependency on the dollar. Unfortunately, these causes have not yet disappeared. In order to prevent another financial economic crisis from recurring and to secure the regional currency stability in the long run, an external safety device is indispensable. The purpose of the East Asian monetary cooperation device is not only to absorb the external shocks caused by abrupt changes in the dollar/yen rate and sudden flow of capital, but also to settle international liquidity problems among the regional countries. If a device for the East Asian monetary cooperation is established, transparency in both financial and physical markets will be augmented and in the process, so will be the stability of financial and physical transactions.     

The Case for Stabilizing China＇s Exchange Rate： Setting the Stage for Fiscal Expansion

China＇s financial conundrum arises from two sources. First, its large saving （trade） surplus results in a currency mismatch because it is an immature creditor that cannot lend in its own currency. Instead, foreign currency claims （largely US dollars） build up within domestic financial institutions. Second, economists, both American and Chinese, mistakenly attribute the surpluses to an undervalued RMB. To placate the USA, the result was a gradual and predictable appreciation of the RMB against the dollar of 6 percent or more per year from July 2005 to July 2008. Together with the fall in US interest rates since mid-2007, this one- way bet in the foreign exchanges markets not only attracted hot money inflows but inhibited private capital outflows from financing China＇ s huge trade surplus. Therefore, the People＇s Bank of China had to intervene heavily to prevent the RMB from ratcheting upwards, and so became the country＇s sole international financial intermediary as official exchange reserves exploded Because of the currency mismatch, floating the RMB is neither feasible nor desirable, and a higher RMB would not reduce China＇ s trade surplus. Instead, monetary control and normal private-sector finance for the trade surplus require a return to a credibly fixed nominal RMB/USD rate similar to that which existed between 1995 and 2004. However, for any newly reset RMB/USD rate to be credible as a monetary anchor, foreign ＂China bashing＂ to get the RMB up must end. Then the stage would be set for fiscal expansion to both stimulate the economy and reduce its trade surplus.     

金融危机中拉美新兴市场国家货币错配变动分析

文章通过分析阿根延、巴西和墨西哥三个新兴市场国家1990--2010年间的货币错配指数与经济增长率之间的关系,利用非抛补利率平价理论分析得出:货币错配是引起金融危机的重要因素;货币错配的急剧增加,对拉美新兴市场国家经济增长有负面影响,大规模的货币错配会使拉美新兴市场国家的货币政策失效.     

The causes of the Asian currency crisis: empirical observations

This paper examines statistically and systematically the five causes of the Asian currency crisis exposed by the IMF, using a probit model. The paper shows that the two causes of the IMF are persuasive. The Asian currency crisis tends to occur when the ratio of foreign reserve to total debt is low and the progress of financial deregulation without regularity is great. The paper also shows that the general causes found by previous researches never fit the case of this crisis, but that the trade linkage of each country to the first victim country helps explain the causes of this crisis.     

Determinants of bond market development in Asia

One of the major reasons behind the Asian financial crisis in 1997 was the excessive dependence of the Asian economies on commercial banks for domestic financing. The region failed to diversify its sources of corporate financing as it relied mainly on banks since its other types of financing, namely bond markets, were still underdeveloped and their sizes were quite small. On the other hand, the 2008 global financial crisis and the ongoing European debt crisis have led to constraints in acquiring local currency and foreign currency liquidity in the corporate sector in Asia as foreign banks withdrew investments from Asia. Furthermore, Asia needs large long term capital (US$ 750 billion per year for 2010–2020) for developing infrastructure connectivity within and across its economies. Local and regional capital can be channeled for long-term infrastructure projects and other productive investment through bond markets. Having a well-developed local currency bond markets can enhance the resilience of domestic financial sector to external shocks and it can facilitate better intermediation of savings into productive investments in Asia. To enhance corporate bond financing, it is important to examine factors that affect the effective development of bond markets in Asia. The study attempts to identify the determinants of bond market development in Asian economies through examining the relationship of bond issuance with selected key financial and economic factors. It also intends to provide policy recommendations for the further development of the Asian bond market. Major determinants for bond market development in Asia include the size of an economy, the stage of economic development, the openness of an economy, the exchange rate variability, the size of the banking system, and interest rate variability.     

货币互换协议、金融市场与中国对外直接投资

基于2003-2018年169个国家的面板数据,文章利用多期双重差分方法探讨了货币互换协议对我国对外直接投资规模与密集度的影响,并通过PSM-DID方法和证伪检验对模型的稳健性进行验证。在此基础上,运用中介效应和调节效应检验方法对货币互换政策的金融市场作用机制进行分析。研究发现,货币互换协议对我国OFDI规模与密集度均有显著积极影响;预期汇率风险是货币互换协议促进我国OFDI的重要影响机制,中介传导而非调节效应是主要影响渠道,而利率市场的影响机制尚未发挥作用。在经济全球化和复杂的国际形势下,这一研究对我国进一步推动国家间金融领域深化合作和推进人民币国际化以畅通国内国际双循环具有重要参考价值。