当今社会的怀旧商品——浅析怀旧情感与怀旧消费的转化机制与营销策略

目前营销领域对怀旧的研究往往认为怀旧情感与怀旧消费有着理所当然的承接关系,基于大量的文献综述与理论分析,本研究发现,其实怀旧情感产生后向消费转化的过程是一个极其复杂的心理过程,企业也需要非常细致地研究和制定应对策略。本文主要介绍在现代社会环境下,怀旧商品在激发起消费者的情感认知以后,消费者心理有着怎样的变化规律,各类情形下消费者如何产生对商家、品牌以及企业的情感认知,进而对消费者的购买决策造成影响。     

试析怀旧产品及其营销策略

本文主要通过文献整理和收集相关数据,梳理出学者对怀旧产品概念理解,得出怀旧产品的定义,将怀旧产品概况为三个特征,包括产品来自过去、可以诱发怀旧情绪、具有明显的时代特征,并从产品形态和直接体验一间接体验角度划分划分怀旧产品,最后,本文提出了怀旧产品营销策略,便于企业营销实践。     

怀旧消费中的消费者行为学

随着社会生活节奏的加快,现代人的怀旧情绪带来的已不仅仅是一种文化现象,也日益成为一种经济现象,引发了社会极大的关注,企业也需要非常细致地研究和制定针对性的应对策略。怀旧消费是在怀旧情绪催生下发生的消费行为,文章主要对怀旧消费的内涵、形成机理和影响怀旧消费的心理进行了分析,最后提出了相应的促进怀旧消费的营销策略。     

怀旧消费行为模式及形成路径分析

怀旧消费是在怀旧情绪催生下发生的消费行为,本文主要对怀旧消费的模式及形成机理进行了分析,把怀旧消费行为分为内生型怀旧消费和外驱型怀旧消费。并结合Frank Kardes的消费者行为理论模型,构建了怀旧消费行为形成路径,把怀旧消费行为分解为从怀旧情感反应到怀旧认知反应,再到怀旧行为反应的三个阶段,分析了怀旧消费形成机理。最后,提出了相应的促进怀旧消费的营销策略。     

怀旧情感视角的“加多宝”凉茶营销策略分析

中国凉茶行业的第一品牌东莞加多宝饮料食品有限公司生产的红罐装“王老吉”凉茶在2012年5月更名为“加多宝”凉茶品牌。更名后的加多宝凉茶,在短短的半年内不仅品牌认知度遥遥领先,且仍然是终端销售最好的凉茶品牌产品。本文在分析了加多宝在更名后所采用的营销策略,认为其在品牌宣传上采用了借助于消费者“怀旧情感”的营销策略,极力打追加多宝=王老吉的情感认知公式,继续维持原有的强大销售渠道覆盖,从而实现了消费者心智阶梯中“王老吉”到“加多宝”的顺利转换。     

怀旧旅游及其开发探索

怀旧情结经过漫长的演变,在现代化气息浓厚的现今成为社会的普遍现象。随着城市化进程的加快,人们希望能回到过去,怀旧逐渐成为现代人们去旅游的重要原因,当这种情感性、想象化的怀旧文化浸入到人们的内心,人们怀旧旅游的愿望越发强烈。但是现实生活中,怀旧旅游却存在一系列问题值得我们思考和研究,文章正是从怀旧情结的角度来探析怀旧旅游,并针对问题提出一系列对策。     

怀旧旅游及其开发探索

怀旧情结经过漫长的演变,在现代化气息浓厚的现今成为社会的普遍现象。随着城市化进程的加快,人们希望能回到过去,怀旧逐渐成为现代人们去旅游的重要原因,当这种情感性、想象化的怀旧文化浸入到人们的内心,人们怀旧旅游的愿望越发强烈。但是现实生活中,怀旧旅游却存在一系列问题值得我们思考和研究,文章正是从怀旧情结的角度来探析怀旧旅游,并针对问题提出一系列对策。     

体育运动品牌怀旧营销策略分析

随着现代体育事业的产业化和大众化发展趋势,为体育运动提供装备和服务的体育运动产品得到了快速发展,各种体育运动品牌一时令人眼花缭乱,既有历史悠久的国际大品牌,又有后来居上的新秀。目前,体育运动品牌在营销策略上大多采用不走寻常路和出奇制胜的差异化营销策略,标新立异,独出心裁,紧跟甚至领先时代的潮流。然而,在这种大潮流之下,一种看似古老实则别有一番新意的怀旧营销策略受到了各大体育运动品牌的青睐,它紧紧抓住了体育运动品牌消费者的心理活动和生活历程,从而开发和挖掘了这样一个细分市场。怀旧营销是通过唤起消费者心底深处的回忆,进而激发购买欲望并采取购买行动来实现的。     

怀旧广告的五种玩法

怀旧是对过往景象的再现,怀旧更是对昔日情感的温习。所以,怀旧广告追求的实际上是两个情——情景与情感。情景用来加深记忆,强化联想,深化内涵;情感重在引起共鸣,催生对往事的回忆,对旧情的怀念,从而增加对产品的好感,强化对品牌的认同。其实不管是情景也好,情感也罢,     

消费者怀旧情感研究评述

在社会转型时期,怀旧是一种比较常见的社会现象.在营销领域,虽然一些企业把怀旧作为一种营销手段,但对消费者怀旧情感的理论研究才刚刚起步.文章对消费者怀旧情感的结构维度、测量方法、影响因素与营销功能等方面的文献进行了重点梳理,发现自1989年霍尔布鲁克和辛德勒(Holbrook&Schindler)把怀旧引入消费者行为研究领域以来,学者们在怀旧情感的定义、测量、对购买决策的影响等方面取得了不少积极的成果,但在怀旧情感的结构维度及其测量、怀旧情感的产生机制以及怀旧情感的营销功能等方面还存在较大的研究空间.     

Moderating Role of Consumer Self-Concept on the Effectiveness of Two Nostalgia Appeals

Existing empirical studies suggest that evoked nostalgia about a brand is positively related to attitude toward the brand. However, it is unlikely that nostalgia appeals are universally effective. Therefore, this research investigates two types of consumer nostalgias—individualistic nostalgia and collectivistic nostalgia— and examines how the relative effectiveness of these two nostalgia appeals is moderated by consumer self-concept (independent versus interdependent). Based on a two-phase study with time-honored Chinese brands, we reveal that, for consumers with an independent self-concept, an individualistic nostalgia appeal is more effective than a collectivistic nostalgia appeal, whereas for consumers with an interdependent self-concept, a collectivistic nostalgia appeal is more effective than an individualistic nostalgia appeal.     

Simple Decision Aids and Consumer Decision Making

To help consumers deal with increasing amounts of information, many online retailers offer simple decision aids, such as the ability to sort on a particular attribute or eliminate undesired alternatives. The authors propose that consumers use simple decision aids as substitutes for cognitive effort, potentially with adverse consequences for decision making. An experimental study shows that providing unrestricted sorting increases decision quality only when choice conflict is low; beyond a certain point, greater use of the decision aid is associated with declines in decision quality. A second study shows that that allowing consumers to sort alternatives only one time enhances decision quality and, when choice conflict is high, reduces decision effort. A third study shows that providing elimination as well as sorting tools helps mitigate the negative effects of simple decision aids. Although the availability of sorting alone hurts decision quality when choice conflict is high, decision quality under choice conflict is improved when both sorting and elimination tools are provided. Implications for retail practice are discussed.     

Decision Support Systems in Marketing

The practical application of decision support systems in marketing is still in its infancy, even though academic research has been recommending the use of such systems for years. This is largely due to the lack of a single, generally applicable decision support system. The specific requirements and problems of management are too dissimilar to make the development of one universal decision support system feasible. However, improved PC performance, enhanced market survey methods such as conjoint measurement, and further developed programming tools permit the varying requirements to be fairly flexibly met. The following article describes state-of-the-art know-how regarding the practical utilization of such systems, and addresses the preconditions for employing them. We have included many examples gathered from our own experience with numerous applications.     

Development and validation of the Personal Nostalgia Scale

This research conducts five studies and uses 1185 respondents to develop and validate a six-item, seven-point Likert scale capable of measuring a personal nostalgia response to an advertisement. Traditional forms of scale development and a variety of experimental conditions are undertaken to develop and validate the scale. Statistical techniques include t-tests, correlation, regression, confirmatory factor analysis and a multitrait–multimethod matrix. This research fulfils a significant gap in the current knowledge as the current scales neither distinguish between the distinct types of nostalgia nor measure personal nostalgia as a response to advertising independently of other reactions. This is despite personal nostalgia being considered as a distinct form of nostalgia with a suggested differing influence on a number of important consumer behaviour responses. The scale has implications for researchers undertaking future studies exploring personal nostalgia's influence on consumer behaviour reactions. Nostalgia is also a commonly used and has effective advertising appeal, and this research provides practitioners with a parsimonious instrument to measure the level of personal nostalgia experienced as a result of advertising exposure. This assists in ensuring accuracy when predicting consumer reactions.     

Strategic and Marketing Implications of Consumer Behaviour in Financial Services

As competitive liberalisation and the application of technology in the creation and distribution of financial services have increased consumer choice in the UK personal financial service industry, so consumer choice in the UK personal financial services industry, so consumer behaviour has assumed a greater role in determining the strategic environment in which financial service providers operate. This paper explores the reltionship between consumer behaviour and the strategic choices facing financial consumer behaviour and the strategic choices facing financial service firms by developing a framework of consumer behaviour and linking the forms of behaviour and type of financial service instrument that determines the strategic environment within which financial service providers operate. Based on that interaction the paper develops a contingency view of financial services strategy and argues that to be successful, financial service providers will need to move away from broad service provision and adopt more focused strategies that reflect far more closely the strategic environment in which they operate.     

Recurrent Marketing Decisions: Decision Complexity,Decision Focus,and Firm Performance

In this paper we examine the nature of the decision-making process for recurrent marketing decisions and its effects on firm performance. A conceptual model of recurrent decision-making in a competitive environment is developed and used as a framework for analyzing 96 tactical decisions made by 35 management groups in the last three periods of a management simulation. The decisions were based entirely on a set of decision rules developed by the management groups. The decision rules were coded for whether they were internally or externally focused and how complex their decision process was. These two factors were then used to predict firm performance. There are a number of important results. The greater the uncertainty in the link between a decision variable and its outcome, i) the more likely managers are to prespecify the value of the decision variable rather than construct a decision rule, ii) the less complex the decision rules that are constructed, and iii) the greater the proportion of internally-focused decision rules. In addition, the focus of a decision rule, but not the complexity of the process—independent of the focus—is positively related to performance with firms that focus on both internal and external factors doing best.     

论关系营销中的道德决策

本文在分析亨特和维特尔营销道德理论模型，探讨其在关系营销应用中出现的缺陷的基础上，试图构建一个关系营销中的道德决策模型作为补充，并结合现实环境对企业营销道德决策过程进行了分析。     

一种基于多人决策的供应链协同决策模型

为解决供应链协同决策的有效性问题,本文分析供应链协同决策与群体决策的区别,采用构建决策流程和决策模型、基于集对理论的共识度评价等方法,建立基于模糊多目标多人决策的供应链协同决策建模,并通过算例验证模型的合理性和有效性。     

整合营销传播的心理作用模式

整合营销传播的终极战场在于顾客心智,而顾客进行购买决策的依据在于对品牌的价值判断。建立了基于顾客价值的购买决策模型,指出顾客认同价值是顾客进行购买决策的依据,而顾客认同价值的大小由顾客对品牌的认知价值和情感价值决定。整合营销传播就是要通过影响顾客心理,提高品牌认知价值和品牌情感价值,以此建立顾客忠诚。