美国出口管制与中国高技术产业全球资源配置风险

在美国不断强化对华出口管制背景下,中国高技术产业正面临越来越大的海外资源配置风险。美国出口管制从贸易地理空间、产业发展空间和技术合作空间等方面影响着中国高技术产业的全球资源配置。利用2001年至2018年统计数据研究发现,在产品配置上,中国高技术产业的新产品出口在新产品销售收入中的占比较高,具有较强的海外市场依赖性;在研发资本的配置上,中国高技术产业用于内部研发的支出远远大于技术引进的支出,且二者差距越来越大;在技术资源的配置上,虽然海外专利布局的绝对规模大幅度上升,但是与国内专利申请规模相比,海外专利资源的配置比例逐步下降。中国高技术产业在全球的资本配置和技术配置的“内向性”特征越来越明显。为了应对美国出口管制,中国高技术产业必须优化关键设备进口来源地,扩大资源配置地理空间;创建海外高技术研发中心,创新全球资源配置模式;加大国内高技术研发投入,以资本输出带动技术回流;鼓励高技术产品出口,促进紧缺资源性产品的进口;重点扶持敏感技术产业,全面提升海外资源配置能力;借助国家力量保护我国跨国企业在海外的合法利益。     

中小企业应对市场需求和价格的经营战略系统基模分析

利用系统基模法对中小企业在经营过程中面临市场需求和价格两个主要问题,通过正负反馈环、成长极限基模和富者愈富基模的分析,得出中小企业要想在竞争中获胜,必须实施聚焦战略和差异化战略,根据市场需求,开发出相应的产品。     

Process and intensity of internationalization of IT firms – Evidence from India

This paper provides insights and evidence related to the process and intensity of internationalization of firms in the Information Technology (IT) sector, which is the driving force of high economic growth in the Indian sub-continent during the last two decades. Research objectives were set as (i) to examine the existence of born global firms in the IT sector, (ii) to identify the process of internationalization adopted by firms in the IT industry, (iii) to measure the intensity of internationalization of IT firms. The paper is based on data collected from annual financial reports of firms listed in the CNX IT Index of National Stock Exchange of India. Two clusters were extracted using hierarchical clustering method followed by k-means clustering to analyze the characteristics of the variables. We find that the firms in both clusters are true global firms with 66 and 85% of their income from foreign markets with a very high level of international intensity. Though the findings provide some evidence for the gradual internationalization of Indian IT firms; the empirical results indicate that firm age has no impact on internationalization. The results from our study also show that firms, especially in certain industries such as IT, do have access to information that reduces the risk aversion.     

全球价值链中零售企业创新战略研究

经济全球化时代零售企业竞争力的提高,取决于零售企业的全球价值链创新能力、整合全球客户资源和供应链资源的能力。7-11、宜家、沃尔玛、巴黎春天等跨国零售企业制定和实施了不同的全球价值链创新战略,吸引一流供应商和客户进入自身价值链,进而掌握了全球价值链主导权和控制权。     

中小企业物流外包的动因及策略简析

企业物流外包即第三方物流(3PL),是企业充分利用外部资源,降低成本,提高效率,增加自身竞争能力的一种管理策略。本文从多角度探讨现阶段我国中小企业物流外包的经济动因,并为中小企业物流外包提出相应的应对对策。     

中国社交网络商业模式发展及影响因素分析

在将社交网络划分为以博客为代表的社交网络萌芽阶段,以人人网为代表的社交网络娱乐化阶段,以微博、微信为代表的微信息社交网络阶段,以及代表未来主流发展方向的垂直社交网络应用阶段的基础上,本文以“六要素商业模式”模型为研究视角,并将平台战略中的付费方、被补贴方、同边网络效应、跨边网络效应、转换成本、平台覆盖等概念引入到分析框架中,针对博客、人人网、新浪微博、微信进行定位、业务系统、关键资源和能力、盈利模式、现金流结构、企业价值六个要素的对比,揭示中国社交网络在不同发展阶段商业模式的发展变化,并对可能的影响因素进行分析,对未来发展进行展望。     

浅析国际分销中的进出口业务

国际分销中涉及到进出口业务,尽管进出口业务存在着一些差别,但进出口业务中有很多业务基本上是相同的。这就要求企业应熟悉进出口单证、货运和销售条件、收付货款、包装和标识等主要的进出口业务,以便对进出口业务进行有效的管理。     

业务-IT战略匹配成熟度模型的框架与内容

在文献法研究的基础上,拟将在国内首次介绍美国Jerry Luftman 2000年提出的业务-IT战略匹配成熟度模型(Business-IT Strategic Alignment Maturity Model)的起因、研究过程及其框架与内容,并对模型进行了分析。分析结论认为业务-IT战略匹配是一个共同适应和共同演化的匹配过程,是基于关系和过程的,其成熟度模型是组织评估匹配成熟度和获取匹配的方法和工具。     

制造业的下游战略及其商业运营模式探讨

分析了近年来制造业发展滞后于其它商业的主要原因,从战略角度提出了制造业新的经营战略——下 游战略,在阐述其核心理念的基础上,针对下游战略应采取的商业运营模式进行了探讨。     

Customs-related Transaction Costs,Firm Size and International Trade Intensity

customs are generally perceived as a time-consuming impediment to international trade. However, few studies have empirically examined the determinants and the impact of this type of government-imposed transaction costs. This paper analyses the role of firm size as a determinant of customs-related transaction costs, as well as the effect of firm size on the relationship between these costs and the international trade intensity of firms. The results of this study indicate that customs-related transaction costs repress international trade activities of firms, even at low levels of these costs. The paper identifies transaction-related economies of scale, simplified customs procedures and advanced information and communication technology as main determinants of customs-related transaction costs. It is shown that when these factors are taken into account, firm size has no effect on customs-related transaction costs. Policy implications are considered for firm strategy and public policy.     

GLOBAL MARKETING NEWS

ABSTRACT

The authors studied how knowledge derived from firms’ relationships—the so-called second-hand knowledge—is likely to influence their internationalization process. In this article, they examine how a European producer of textiles is able to sell worldwide, including to China, a highly competitive player in this industry. This article discusses models of firms’ networks and the extent to which such networks generate important knowledge that can explain internationalization behavior—how it is able to influence the selection of foreign markets and the entry mode used. The authors use the revised version of the Uppsala model of internationalization, which emphasizes the roles of trust-building, knowledge, and creation of opportunities within relationships.     

美国《国家出口战略》的地区与国别战略剖析

根据许多专家学者和政府官员的研究,1993年至今克林顿政府出台了十份指导美国出口的《国家出口战略》,作为报告主要内容之一的地区与国别战略主要包括新兴大市场战略、拉丁美洲战略和传统出口市场战略。报告实施十年来的成效体现在整个报告的绩效评估体系、预算拨款体系和对整个美国产业和贸易发展的影响上。     

Market-Entry Strategies in Poland -

This paper reports findings of a study undertaken on market-entry strategies of UK firms in Poland. It presents a cross sectional profile of UK firms investing in Poland, their motives for entering the Polish market, and their entry strategies and assesses their performance in terms of their entry strategies and experiences with regard to financial, technological, marketing and strategic aspects. The paper compares the findings with international market-entry theory and concludes by examining managerial implications of the study.     

基于引力模型的中国汽车零部件出口影响因素研究

通过实证检验,发现改进后的引力檬型对中国汽车零部件出口的影响十分明显;运输成本是影响中国汽车零部件出口的重要因素;人民币升值会对中国汽车零部件的出口产生较大的负面影响;传统的贸易壁垒对中国汽车零部件出口依然产生较大的负面影响。中国应注重自主创新,提高汽车零部件产业发展水平;拓展新兴市场,推动区域经贸合作;有效规避汇率风险,适度调整贸易产业政策。同时,汽车零部件企业也应转变营销理念,充分了解出口市场,提高企业及其产品的知名度,提升国际交流能力,培养全球化战略眼光。     

不同结算方式下中小型外贸企业出口收汇风险及规避手段分析

随着国际商业信用的发展,汇付逐渐取代信用证成为主流结算方式。处于买方市场的中小型外贸企业为抓住出口商机,更倾向于选用赊销、承兑交单等结算方式。通过对赊销、承兑交单等结算方式下出口商所面临的主要风险进行分析,分别阐述了中国出口信用保险、出口押汇、福费廷、国际保理业务等主要风险规避手段的成本以及效果,以便于中小型外贸企业更加合理地选择风险规避手段,进一步提高出口效益。     

Ethical Problems, Conflicts and Beliefs of Small Business Professionals

This paper presents the results of a national study of the beliefs and perceptions of small business professionals concerning ethics within their company and business in general. The study examined their views on the relationship between success and ethical conduct as well as the extent and nature of ethical conflicts experienced by the respondents. Some comparisons are made with similar studies that have been conducted in the past. Respondents have the most ethical conflicts with customers and employees, and with regard to honesty in contracts/agreements. Most also believe that ethical standards are lower than they were 10 and 20 years ago, primarily because society's moral standards are lower. Additionally, they believe that the behavior of top management has the most influence on decisions in ethical situations. Finally, consistent with prior studies, they believe that they have the most responsibility to customers, ahead of employees and stockholders.     

基于经济周期理论的我国出口贸易波动特征分析

近几年来,我国出口贸易持续增长,出口贸易波动也在增强.为此,采用增长率直接法、增长率趋势法分析我国出口贸易的短周期、中周期和中长周期波动,并采用协整理论分析我国出口贸易长周期的特征.研究结果表明.自1978年以来,我国出口贸易经历了八次短周期波动、三次中周期波动(其中第三次中周期波动具有在适度高位的平滑化的特征)和两次中长周期波动,目前正处在第二个中长周期波动的扩张期;我国出口贸易的长周期与GDP的长周期具有相似的特征.