绿色农产品市场均衡障碍及化解

随着人们对环保和自身健康的日益重视,绿色农产品已成为全社会关注的热点。分析绿色农产品市场均衡的障碍,探寻化解绿色农产品市场均衡障碍的路径。为此,研究对提高绿色农产品市场效率,促进绿色农产品生产与贸易和谐发展具有重要意义。     

基于横向知识整合的产业集群创新

横向知识整合引起的产业集群创新存在两个均衡状态:不同规模企业间的知识整合与大企业间的知识整合。目前对产业集群创新,尤其是横向知识整合方面的研究较少。利用博弈论对横向知识整合的产业集群创新活动进行分析,研究横向知识整合的产业集群创新过程中企业之间的最优策略,表明不同规模企业间的稳定均衡是大企业创新小企业模仿,大企业间的稳定均衡是合作式创新。     

跨国公司内部网络知识创新机理研究

跨国公司的组织结构从传统的母公司中心型的层级组织结构形式转变为全球导向型的网络结构,母子公司都成为网络上的节点.文章指出跨国公司内部网络的知识创新来源于全球创新节点、节点之间的相互合作创新和知识整合节点,并重点分析了上述三种知识创新机理.跨国公司应该充分利用此机理进行知识创新,维持其知识优势和竞争力.     

跨国公司内部市场业务知识的转移

跨国公司的一个竞争优势是在全球范围内利用本地创造知识的能力。因此,如何有效地在各个子公司以及子公司与母公司之间转移知识显得尤为重要。跨国公司市场知识转移的重要性以及影响市场知识转移有效性的因素,对我国企业国际经营有很大的启示。     

论中小型企业内部知识转移与管理创新

知识经济时代要在市场竞争中取得优势,中小型企业必须加强内部知识转移,提升其知识竞争力。为此,中小型企业必需利用自身的结构特征和知识转移的要求进行管理创新。本文通过对中小型企业时代竞争特点和其内部知识转移内涵的描述,进而分析中小型企业内部知识转移过程模型以及其作用和影响因素,并从激励机制、企业文化、学习型组织、知识转移情境、信息化建设和知识主管的设立等六个方面进行企业管理创新方面的探讨。     

企业自主创新跨组织知识整合模型及实现机制

知识是一种最有价值的战略资源,跨组织知识整合是一个复杂的过程,是企业实现自主创新的重要途径,既需要挖掘企业内部知识之间的相互联系和动态关系,也需要捕获外部知识并建立外部知识与内部知识之间的关系。同时,跨组织知识整合也是一种跨越组织物理界限的学习过程,是一种借助外部知识资源实现企业内部知识创新的过程。跨组织知识整合内在由知识捕获、知识交融、知识应用三个基本环节构成,三者之间相互依存、相互作用,共同组成了跨组织知识整合的螺旋式运动。跨组织知识整合的实现是一项系统工程,企业可从构筑跨组织知识整合平台、建设看门人队伍、扩展并优化关系网络、创建开放式学习型组织文化等方面着手,建设跨组织知识整合实现机制。     

国际产业转移趋势及中国应对之策

在国际产业结构大调整过程中。国际产业转移充当了重要的角色。从近几年发展看,其他国家对中国的产业转移也正在逐步深入,同时也呈现出了一些新的特征和趋势。基于产业转移理论,分析了国际产业转移的趋势,指出了中国在国际产业转移过程中存在的问题,提出了合理承接国际产业转移的基本对策。     

Fostering International Technology Transfer Through Climate Technology Networks Between European and Latin American Universities

Based on experiences gained in the frame of a networking scheme that involves universities from Latin America and Europe, this article addresses international technology transfer (ITT) of climate technology through networks bridging current knowledge and technology gaps between academia, businesses, authorities, and civil society. It is argued that higher education institutions (HEIs) can make a substantial contribution to a sustainable socioeconomic development in Latin America (LA) and at the same time reduce its social vulnerability to climate change impacts. Most research and development in LA is carried out in HEIs, not in industry. Consequently, research agendas are uncoupled from business needs, and university research remains largely uncommercialized. Further, spillover effects, which may benefit businesses in the home country, remain limited. This article raises some opportunities for Latin American HEIs to drive the improvement of local adaptive capacity through ITT and creation of the corresponding capacities, especially in terms of research and development, consultancy, and qualification of human capital in the field of climate technologies. It is argued that climate change poses many challenges to all sectors of society, and the improved international transfer of knowledge and climate technology may result in reducing social and economic vulnerability to future climate impacts in LA. Finally, some recommendations are given that may support current efforts to reduce the overall vulnerability to climate impacts through fostering the social and economic development in Latin America by means of ITT.     

基于产业链的知识转移与创新结构研究

产业知识蕴藏于产业中不同的企业,构成了以产业链为纽带、企业为节点的知识系统,研究产业链中知识转移与创新结构,对于揭示知识在产业中的运动规律,建立产业自主创新机制,具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文基于产业链的组成和知识的特性,研究了产业链中不同企业的作用、知识特性、知识转移,在此基础上,建立了基于产业链的知识转移和创新结构,分析了结构中知识社会化、外部化、组合化和内部化过程,并给出了建议和启示。     

正式与非正式知识搜索、知识属性与产品创新

基于正式、非正式搜索的视角,以217家浙江中小型制造企业为样本,研究外部知识搜索对产品创新绩效的影响机制。实证结果表明：正式和非正式搜索对产品创新绩效均具有显著的正向影响,而知识缄默性正向调节正式搜索和产品创新绩效之间的正向关系,负向调节非正式搜索与产品创新绩效之间的正向关系;技术复杂性负向调节非正式搜索与产品创新之间的关系。上述发现确认了外部知识搜索在中小企业创新活动中的重要作用,同时也从知识属性角度识别了影响外部知识搜索效能的重要情境条件。     

Reverse Knowledge Transfer on Emerging Market Multinationals: A Case Study of the Largest Private Bank in Latin America

Knowledge transfer between headquarters and subsidiaries and the study of emerging market multinationals (EMMNE) are two important and rapidly growing research topics in International Business (IB) studies. This research analyzes, through an in-depth single case study, the Reverse Knowledge Transfer (RKT) processes of an emerging market multinational, more specifically the largest private bank in LATAM—Banco Itaú Unibanco S.A.—to understand how emerging market parent companies benefit from their subsidiaries’ knowledge. Our findings validate important concepts in the IB and RKT literature, contribute with valuable insights to theory generation, and indicate possible avenues for future research.     

Export Performance: Is It Possible through Knowledge and Capabilities? Evidence from Turkish Manufacturing Firms

Purpose: This article measures to what extent export performance is affected by certain resource-based view (RBV) elements and seeks to elucidate relationships between these elements. Design: Among those RBV elements, knowledge and experience as resources, and marketing, production, product development, logistics, and service differentiation as capabilities, are chosen to be the basis of this research. Their effects on export performance are measured with a survey applied to personnel of Turkish manufacturing firms operating in Istanbul district. Findings: The results show us that marketing planning capabilities and service differentiation capabilities have a significant effect on export performance. The overwhelming effect of knowledge and experience of firms on marketing planning capabilities is one of the intriguing findings. Notwithstanding that, we found no trace of a relationship between product development capabilities and service differentiation capabilities. Value: This research provides several managerial and academic implications by contributing to a resource-based view in terms of knowledge and capabilities. Additionally, in this study, it is underlined that collective knowledge is vital for achieving high export performance.     

区域自主创新知识资源利用的机理及路径研究

知识是区域自主创新的第一资源,而区域形成独特的、不可模仿的自主创新竞争优势,关键在于对知识资源充分、高效的利用。区域自主创新知识资源利用的机理在于,在现有知识存量条件下,提高知识资源利用率,以增加区域知识流量,提升区域知识存量,通过知识整合、创新,使获得的知识资源内化为区域特有的知识资源优势,从而形成区域自主创新能力,促进区域自主创新;而构建学习型区域、完善区域自主创新体系、加强区域顶尖人才的培养与有效流入、缔结知识联盟、整合产业链、加强知识产权贸易是区域自主创新知识资源利用的重要路径。     

论知识要素在东北老工业基地长远发展中的作用

振兴东北老工业基地的战略部署,给东北带来了难得的历史性发展机遇。东北老工业基地长远发展的出路在于培育技术知识。政府应加大对公共教育的投资;保护专利,鼓励私人的研究与开发,并加强自身的直接研究与开发;在国家教育体系下继续发展有东北特色的技术教育,适合培养自身产业需要的技术工人,以满足企业对此类人才的需求。     

Knowledge and Innovation in China: Historical Legacies and Emerging Institutions

The purpose of this study is to provide a critical and historically grounded perspective on the institutional fabric for knowledge generation and innovative activities in Chinese society. Utilizing theoretical and methodological insights from social epistemology, it explores legacies of traditional Chinese perceptions of the utility of scientific knowledge, the balance of exploitation/exploration, the prestige of innovation, and the division of labour in knowledge production and application. It is argued that these legacies have continued to shape emerging contemporary institutions of knowledge and innovation. They contribute to tensions between the search for knowledge and requirements of power; they bias innovative activities towards exploitation; and they constrain creative entrepreneurship in the transitional innovation system.     

知识密集型服务业集群内企业间知识转移影响因素——环同济建筑设计产业带的实证研究

在回顾国内外相关研究的基础上,构建知识转移的影响因素模型。然后,基于知识密集型的环同济设计产业集群的调研数据对上述理论模型进行实证研究。研究结果显示:企业间亲密的关系和企业浓厚的学习文化对知识密集型服务业企业之间的知识转移有重要的促进作用;企业较强的吸收能力、企业间较近的组织距离对产业集群内知识密集型服务业企业之间的知识转移有较大促进作用;知识的模糊性对知识密集型服务业集群内企业之间的知识转移有阻碍作用;中等的知识距离比较远的知识距离更有利于产业集群内知识密集型服务业企业之间的知识转移。     

装配生产型供应链上下游企业间的联系与知识传递

在装配生产型供应链中,生产商与供应商之间技术关联程度较高,随着技术变化速度加快,它们之间的知识传递问题也越来越重要。本文综合装配生产型供应链的产品特征、供应链组织结构、上下游成员间关系、知识传递的行为和知识创造,针对上下游企业之间的知识传递问题构建了一个广泛的研究框架,并且对各个概念进行了细化分析,讨论了影响知识传递的重要因素和影响方式。     

知识经济时代国际贸易创新问题研究

20世纪90年代以来,国际贸易领域发生了许多深刻的变化,而创新则是当代国际贸易发展最为显著的特征。本文认为,国际贸易创新主要包括观念和格局的创新、制度和政策的创新以及国际贸易手段和构成的创新等。文章提出,为促进我国国际贸易创新,必须加大科技投入,实行科技兴贸;增加教育投入,重视人力资本积累;加快贸易方式的转变;加强知识产权保护;加速我国产业升级重组与规模经济组合,实现外经贸发展优势的转化与再造。     

A Subcultural Analysis of the Brazilian Knowledge Industry: When Nation,Industry, and Organizational Cultures Collide

ABSTRACT

This exploratory research seeks to better understand the relationship between national and industry culture, concentrating particularly on the case of the Brazilian knowledge industry. Perceptions of real and ideal corporate values were obtained from 98 professional and managerial staff from Brazil and 40 from the United States. The results were also compared to those of a multi-industry Brazilian sample reported in Nelson and Gopalan (2003 Nelson , R. E. , and Gopalan , S. ( 2003 ). “Do Organizational Cultures Replicate National Cultures?” Organization Studies , Vol. 4 , pp. 115 – 152 . [Google Scholar]). The Brazilian knowledge industry respondents' view of their organizational culture was much more favorable than the US knowledge industry respondents' perceptions. The Brazilian knowledge industry sample also contained unique subcultures that varied by employment regime and favorably reflected on the industry's ability to adapt to modern trends. This configuration of results does not clearly favor any of the major theories of organizational culture but suggests a complex pattern of interaction between country, industry, industry position, and employment regime. The results do, however, suggest that interaction effects of country by industry may be much stronger than the main effects of either industry or nation.     

产业转移、外部失衡与中国的政策选择

20世纪中叶开始,全球范围内大致经历了4次大规模的产业转移浪潮,国际分工体系的结构和层次也逐步确立。20世纪80年代,随着中国融入这一体系,产业转移以及国内出口导向型政策致使中国迅速积累了大量的出口产能,对外需的习惯性依赖成为必然。与此同时,过去60年的产业转移使发达国家传统产业空心化,并进一步导致在后危机时代中国的出口供给过量与外需有限性的矛盾愈发突出,全球经济再平衡的痛苦过程将不可避免。在这种背景下,中国的战略选择应首先立足于顺应大潮流,继续推进中西部承接产业转移,拉动区域工业化和城市化发展,为全球经济再平衡冲击提供缓冲地带。从长期来看,中国应以重振内需为基本立足点,加快增长方式转型,加快自主创新步伐,重塑国家竞争优势。