政治风险、经济一体化与空间效应对中国出口贸易的影响

文章实证检验了经济一体化程度、政治风险与空间效应等变量对中国出口的影响。研究结果表明,经济一体化程度越高越有利于中国的出口;中国独特的政治经济环境,对于政治风险忍受度较高,反而有助于其出口。此外,贸易伙伴国的人均收入与经济开放程度越高,对中国出口越有利。考虑空间固定效果,中国出口具有聚集现象。由于中国近年来出口贸易快速增长,贸易摩擦随之居高不下,因此中国出口的全球化布局,将有助于分散贸易风险,也有助于中国融入世界经济体系。     

湖北省对外开放度对技术效率影响的实证分析

本文采用Batteseand Coelli提出的随机前沿分析模型来研究湖北对外开放度对技术效率进步的影响。主要采用frontier4．1和Eviews3．0软件进行了实证分析，得出结论：湖北省的技术效率是逐年提高的。湖北省对外开放度和技术效率之间存在正的协整关系和双向的因果关系。     

Foreign Direct Investment in Central America

Summary

Foreign Direct Investment has gone through three distinct phases in Central American history. First, it was mainly in the form of agricultural development during the agricultural export-led growth era. The import-substitution era saw manufacturing enter as well. The non-traditional export promotion strategy currently in place attracts firms seeking to use the region as a platform for exporting outside the region. Modern FDI generates greater linkages with the rest of the economy than in the past. However, remittance of profits is still large and problematic.     

区域经济一体化的理论溯源及最新进展

20世纪80年代末以来,对区域经济一体化的理论分析已从传统的完全竞争模型扩展到不完全竞争模型。近期的发展可以归结为三个方向:规模经济和不完全竞争理论下的区域经济一体化、内生化的区域经济一体化理论及区域主义与多边主义。本文评述这一领域的最新文献,并总结相关的启示。     

基于随机前沿模型的对外开放与能源技术效率提升

设定能源技术效率作为有效反映能源利用效率的指标,通过设定带非效率影响的随机前沿函数,利用1995-2007年中国29个省(自治区、直辖市)的面板数据,对我国对外开放与能源技术效率的提升程度进行分析,认为对外开放程度的加深促进了我国能源技术效率的提高,出口贸易、进口贸易和FDI均起着积极作用。但是,东、中、西部地区在能源技术效率上存在着明显差距,东部地区最高,中部地区次之,西部最低。     

国际政治经济视角下美国对外贸易政策的分析

美国是当今世界贸易大国,它的对外贸易政策对我国经济发展有举足轻重的影响。深刻理解美国对外贸易政策有着重要意义。本文从美国的全球战略、政治因素和国际政治经济因素三个角度分析了美国对外贸易政策的本质,从而得出结论,美国对外贸易政策的目的是实现美国的国家利益。     

内外贸一体化的内涵、经济效应及其路径选择

行政管理体制的变化只是引起对内外贸一体化问题讨论的引线,真正的经济背景是经济结构调整和扩大国内需求。内外贸一体化是以企业为主体的市场自发演进过程,它有助于加快基于比较优势和规模收益的区域产业结构调整和优化,并通过产业结构和贸易结构调整促进国内需求快速增长。企业选择内外贸一体化经营,除了受到内部预算约束和外部市场规模限制以外,还依赖于产业链的延展路径和市场一体化的程度。     

Economic and Political Determinants of the Effects of FDI on Growth in Transition and Developing Countries

This study investigates the role of human capital and political development in determining the magnitude of the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on growth for a panel of 61 transition and developing countries for the period 1989 to 2013. A baseline growth model incorporating these variables is tested and then extended to include FDI interaction effects with human capital (measured using secondary school enrollment data) and political development (based on Economist Intelligence Unit Democracy Index scores). These growth interaction effects between FDI and human capital vary according to regime type. Political development in conjunction with FDI appears to suppress the effects of FDI on growth in authoritarian countries while enhancing them in hybrid democracies. For more democratic countries, domestic investment is a more important driver of growth. The effects of FDI on growth in the ten transition economies included in the sample data set are found to be insignificant. Although this result might seem to differ from a priori expectations, it is in line with the findings of most earlier studies that cover the period up to 2004. The paper also provides no strong evidence that a critical threshold of human capital is required to generate beneficial spillover growth effects from inflows of FDI. The paper provides new and more detailed insights into the effects of FDI on growth with particular respect to human capital and political regime covering a large number of transition and developing countries based on an up‐to‐date data set covering a 25‐year period to 2013. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

中国旅游企业技术效率省际差异的实证分析

文章在跨省面板数据的基础上,运用生产函数的随机前沿技术分析了我国旅游企业技术效率的区域差异及影响因素。研究结果表明,我国旅游企业技术效率存在的显著省际差异加剧了我国省际旅游企业劳动生产率区域发展失衡,究其因,关键在于区位因素、旅游业的产业地位、劳动力素质等因素的影响。最后,文章对此做了进一步的分析,并提出了缩小省际旅游企业劳动生产率差距的政策措施。     

Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Integration in Mercosur: Argentina and Brazil

ABSTRACT

This article examines the relationship between economic integration and fiscal decentralization for Argentina and Brazil. Economic openness adds costs and benefits to fiscal decentralization, beyond those analyzed in closed economies. The relationships among variables with panel data for the period 1988–2005 are estimated. The innovation of the article lies in considering decentralization at the level of states/provinces. In Brazil, the effect of openness on decentralization is negative and significant, both for expenditures and revenues; in Argentina, the effect is negative or not significant. This difference between countries is based on the different structure of subnational government financing.     

中国与中东欧16国贸易效率和潜力研究——基于非效率项随机前沿引力模型

贸易效率和贸易潜力是衡量国际贸易有效程度、确定未来贸易发展方向的重要指标。基于非效率项随机前沿引力模型,分别在"16+1"和"16+1+10"背景下测算了中国与中东欧16国的贸易效率和潜力,结果表明:中国与中东欧国家的双边贸易效率较高,但贸易潜力不显著;中国对中东欧国家的出口贸易效率低于双边贸易效率,出口贸易潜力超过双边贸易潜力;出口贸易潜力在"16+1+10"背景下较"16+1"背景下有显著提高。由此,提出进一步落实"16+1"合作机制、扩大进口、改进交通运输设施的建议,以期实现贸易潜力,提高贸易效率。     

Trade Integration and Revealed Comparative Advantages of Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America & Caribbean Merchandise Export

This study examined the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Latin America & Caribbean (LAC) on the export of five merchandise subsectors (during 1995 to 2010) using the World Development Indicators database. Despite improvements observed, SSA’s and LAC’s trade share and economic integration are low. LAC has stronger RCA than SSA in export of food items though the gap in their competitiveness is not wide. The SSA region has higher RCA in export of agricultural raw materials, fuel, and ores and metals than LAC. Both regions have revealed comparative disadvantage in the export of manufactures, though lesser in LAC.     

欧洲经济一体化、区域差距与经济趋同

区域经济一体化有利于缩小区域内各国的经济差距吗?本文对1994-2005年间波兰、匈牙利、捷克、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、马耳他、塞浦路斯与欧盟15国的经济一体化进程进行了趋同分析,结果发现该25国存在σ-趋同和条件β-趋同。并认为制度趋同是经济趋同的基础,落后国家人均物资资本和人均技术资本的增加以及来自欧盟发达地区的技术扩散是促进该25国趋同的重要因素。     

欧洲经济一体化过程中法律趋于一致及其启示

欧洲经济一体化不仅在经济、贸易合作方面取得令人瞩目的成就,同时在内部法律趋于一致方面也作出了富有成效的探索.欧洲共同体通过提出解决法律冲突的原则,确立特殊司法程序,制定对各成员具有拘束力的规则等方式,使成员之间、成员与共同体之间不同的法律制度趋于一致,有效地保障了经济一体化的进程.欧洲经济一体化过程中积累的经验,不仅对传统的立法、司法制度产生了重大的冲击和影响,对于正在实施中的中国内地、香港、澳门的更紧密经贸关系也具有借鉴意义.     

Upgrading and Competitiveness Within the Export Manufacturing Industry in Central America,Mexico, and the Dominican Republic

The competitiveness of the export manufacturing industry (EMI) in Central America, Mexico, and the Dominican Republic has been significantly eroded by increasing competition from Asian countries in the past decade. This paper examines technological upgrading strategies followed by export-oriented manufacturing firms that operate under various investment attraction and export promotion schemes such as maquila and free zones in order to face the increasing Asian competition. In particular, it aims to study why the strategies followed in the two main sectors of the EMI—electronics and apparel—have had significantly different impacts on export competitiveness. Although the empirical evidence shows that both sectors have mainly followed process upgrading strategies, and to a lesser extent functional and inter-sectoral upgrading, the type of governance of the global value chain, sector-specific characteristics, and corporate strategies help explain their diverging impacts on competitiveness.     

珠三角经济一体化与物流资源整合研究

随着粤、港、澳经济合作的不断加强,珠三角经济一体化的进程将会进一步加快,根据发达国家的经验,现代物流业对区域经济一体化的效率起着至关重要的作用.文章在分析区域经济一体化与物流联动、珠三角物流业发展的背景和现状的基础上,探讨了珠三角地区物流资源的整合与区域物流网络体系空间布局的发展战略.     

The Role of Multinational Enterprises in West African Regional Economic Integration

Abstract

Studies on regional economic integration in West Africa have concentrated on conventional accounts, which focused primarily on the activities of states and their agencies. The role and activities of actors who play a key function in the political economy of the integrating states and in the integration process are largely ignored or given limited attention. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the integration process in West Africa by exploring the role and the activities of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the development and growth of the Economic Community of West African States (ECO-WAS). Further, this paper contends that MNEs are never passive in market integration. And through their membership in business associations, they participate in the creation, development and growth of the regional scheme. As the winds of economic liberalization and political reforms sweep across the West African subregion, it will become ever more crucial to forge partnerships between multinational enterprises and the host countries with the desire of fostering regional economic     

福建三大产业能源效率与节能潜力核算分析

通过建立随机前沿分析模型,本文对福建三大产业能源效率、节能潜力进行测算。结果发现国企产值在第一产业中比重越大,该产业能源效率越低;对于二、三产业而言,国企反而能源效率更高;对外开放程度能够改善第一、二产业的能源效率,而不利于第三产业的能源效率提高;第三产业的可行能源效率提高潜力最大,第一产业次之,最差是第二产业,但是第二产业依然是福建省节能的关键着力点。     

我国运用“合规性”贸易壁垒的政治经济分析

“合规性”贸易壁垒是保护本国产业和市场的有效手段,但是如果运用不当也会损害国家的政治和经济利益,通过建立适合我国的“合规性”贸易壁垒的政治经济模型,并对模型进行详细分析,研究发展中国家如何对“合规性”贸易壁垒进行合理的运用,以达到政治利益和经济利益的统一。     

欧共体竞争法与欧洲经济一体化

欧洲共同体是在其成员国经济结构和发展水平存在着明显差距、私人垄断和国家垄断不断加强、各国保护竞争立法又有较大差异的背景下建立的,因此,在共同体大市场内制订统一的竞争法,是经济一体化的必然要求.欧洲经济一体化的不断深入,促使欧共体竞争法不断扩展其调整范围,完善其自身的制度和规则.欧共体竞争法的适用协调了成员国的竞争政策,建立了统一的竞争秩序;规范企业的竞争行为,促进了共同市场有序发展;禁止境外企业的不当竞争行为,创设了良好的国际发展环境,保障了经济一体化的健康、有序的发展.