隐性旅游资源显性化的概念和应用

“隐性旅游资源显性化”是指原来不曾被认知为旅游资源的客体而现在被认为是具有开发价值的旅游资源的总过程。文章分析了我国“隐性旅游资源显性化”的类型、特征和支撑“隐性旅游资源显性化”的三大内在动力。提出了“隐性旅游资源显性化”理论在实践中的四个方面的应用价值。     

面向泛珠三角区域合作的湖南旅游发展战略分析

泛珠三角区域旅游合作是一项重要的区域发展战略。区域内旅游业地缘关系紧密，旅游资源富集程度不均，旅游市场对粤港澳的依赖性大，旅游企业发展水平不一，各自的资源与市场优势尚未匹配协调发展。湖南省应采取突出重点、纵横兼顾、市场运作、研究先行的旅游发展战略积极参与泛珠三角区域旅游合作。     

浅议社会表象理论(Social RePresentation Theory)在旅游学研究中的应用

旅游作为一门跨多个学科领域的应用科学,其学科发展往往会涉及社会学、心理学、人类学、地理学等各相关学科的研究成果。而目前旅游学研究中具体实证研究有余而基础理论工作相对不足的局面已经阻碍了旅游学作为一个学科体系的确立、完善和向前发展。本文试对社会心理学中新兴的“社会表象理论”(Social Representation Theory)以及近年来国外学术界将该理论引入旅游学研究的基本情况作一个简单的介绍,以期能够为国内旅游学界的相关研究工作起到一点参考作用。     

旅游企业利益相关者管理理论研究进展

利益相关者理论是近年来颇受西方管理学界重视的一个新兴的企业管理理论,被认为是理解和管理"现代企业"的工具.旅游业关联性强的性质决定了旅游企业必定有众多的利益相关者.文章对利益相关者理论在旅游管理研究中的引入、旅游企业利益相关者的界定,以及旅游企业利益相关者的管理策略的研究进展进行了综述,并作出了简要评价.     

论中西部旅游资源开发的资本市场战略

针对当前中西部旅游资源开发中普遍存在的资金不足,本文提出社会化投入和多元化融资将是旅游资源深层次开发的重要途径和市场经济下旅游产业化发展的必由之路。文中分析了旅游资源开发利用资本市场的特点,阐述了利用资本市场直接融资的5种途径,分析了当前旅游资源开发难以充分利用资本市场进行融资的主要原因。文章指出,资本市场能有效化解旅游资源开发的融资障碍,是因为资本市场建立了较完善的投资风险与投资收益相对应机制。     

英国旅游业发展战略及借鉴价值研究

英国在旅游发展战略和实施措施上,一直是引导世界旅游潮流的前瞻性国家之一.本文重点分析研究了英国旅游发展中,<公共服务协议>的量化管理与服务;市场推广措施与电子旅游的运作;住宿等级的标准制定与规范化管理;及旅游目的地管理中的可持续性战略.针对中国的旅游业现状,对比分析了中国旅游的不足和英国旅游的可借鉴之处.     

基于凯恩斯消费理论的旅游消费与收入关系实证研究

本文基于凯恩斯消费理论,根据1994～2007年间的数据,利用Eviews计量软件构建了城乡居民年总国内旅游消费支出与年总可支配收入、城乡居民基尼系数与国内旅游平均消费倾向之间的消费模型,得出城镇居民年总可支配收入增加100亿元,年总国内旅游消费支出增加6.4亿元,基尼系数每上升0.1,国内旅游平均消费倾向下降0.0051;农村居民年总纯收入每增加100亿元,年总国内旅游消费支出增加12.37亿元,基尼系数每上升0.1,国内旅游平均消费倾向上升0.0694等结论。     

Cross-Cultural Differences in Tourism: A Strategy for Tourism Marketers

Abstract

This paper discusses the importance of understanding cultural differences for developing positive tourist-host contact and, consequently, enhancing tourist holiday satisfaction and repeat visitation. The cultural differences between Korean tourists and Australian service providers are identified and dimensions of these differences are determined by principal components analysis. The strength of the relationships between the cultural dimensions and their critical indicators is measured by using structural equation modeling Submodel 1. The results indicate that the most critical dimensions of cultural difference between Australian hosts and Korean tourists are: communication and understanding the tourist, display of feelings, interaction and idealism. Their critical indicators are identified. The implications of the results for tourism industry marketers are presented.     

投资战略、治理机制与旅游企业融资成本

中国旅游企业普遍存在融资难、融资成本偏高问题,这严重影响了旅游企业的生存、发展与扩张。为此,迫切需要科学探究旅游企业融资成本的影响因素,并采取相应治理措施以降低融资成本。文章以公司治理视角为切入点,立足于旅游业区别于其他行业的特殊性,利用我国旅游上市公司的财务统计数据,实证检验了旅游经营环境、旅游企业投资战略、治理机制对融资成本的影响效应。研究结果表明:旅游企业债务融资成本小于股权融资成本,旅游企业应充分利用经营权和用地使用权质押贷款等多元化债务融资方式。投资战略方面,旅游需求波动性和非旅游相关多元化战略会提高融资成本,旅游企业投资方向应为相关多元化/并购,投资项目应能降低旅游收益波动性。治理机制方面,信息披露与法律保护机制能降低融资成本,股权结构与融资成本存在倒"U"形关系,而高管激励机制则会提高融资成本,旅游企业应建立科学的股权结构和董事会治理机制,构建多层次高管薪酬体系和信息披露制度,完善品牌投资战略以实现品牌质押融资。     

中国南极旅游开发探讨

南极旅游的合法性及其资源的世界共享性，显示中国参与的紧迫性。明确南极旅游经营者和旅游者，对保护南极环境与生态系统的义务和法律责任。建议南极旅游管理框架，应是在国家监管机制下，接受国际IAATO业务指导和企业自主经营管理原则。应用旅游学原理和南极环境科学理论，强化环境保护意识教育，推动中国南极旅游业的顺利、健康发展，为人类和平利用南极，维护南极生态环境安全做出贡献。     

本土旅游企业差旅管理经营战略探析

差旅管理是国外最新引入我国的商务旅游核心产品之一.本文在对国内外文献分析的基础上对差旅管理进行了深入的剖析,同时针对中国新兴的差旅管理市场的发展现状,提出了本土旅游企业拓展差旅管理业务的对策建议.     

Crisis Management,Tourism and Sustainability: The Role of Indicators

The damage to tourism caused by a crisis or disaster may not only have serious implications for a national economy but also threaten the livelihoods of many in the destination. The monitoring of crisis indicators could allow intervention to minimise the crisis and offers a chance of protecting tourism for the benefit of all stakeholders. This paper evaluates the role of crisis indicators in sustainable tourism development, and shows why this is closely connected to issues in sustainable tourism. The author challenges the conventional classification of crises and suggests that grouping them according to their triggers is more useful in predicting and managing a potential crisis. Empirical data gathered during interviews with senior Malaysian public and private sector representatives highlight some of the practical issues associated with the identification and monitoring of appropriate indicators. The paper concludes that the new classification allows crisis management to be more cost-effective and may also be a key to indicator development for other aspects of sustainable tourism. The travel trade may hold the key to indicators of market trends, but there would be issues in obtaining the necessary information for reasons of confidentiality.     

National Indicators of Well-being: Lessons from Pacific Island Countries' Tourism

Are economic indicators the only nation-level variables that are predictive of future investment returns? Using the tourism industry of the nine independent Pacific Island countries, this study compares economic and non-economic predictors of web media tourism coverage. The results suggest that rather than economic and industry-specific indicators, health conditions, human rights and low population growth are significantly associated with our proxy measures of future performance. Our results support theory-derived predictions that national indicators of trust provide value-relevant information for investors.     

基于分形理论的区域旅游中心地规模与空间结构研究——以湖南省为例

旅游中心地对区域旅游的发展起着十分重要的作用,其规模和空间结构是否合理,将在很大程度上影响区域旅游发展的效益和质量.文章首次尝试运用分形理论分析区域旅游中心地的规模和空间结构,并以湖南省为例进行了实证研究.研究结果表明:采用分形理论来研究区域旅游中心地规模和空间结构是可行的;分形理论和方法是优化区域旅游中心地规模和空间结构,促进区域旅游发展的有效工具.     

The Evaluation of Sustainable Tourism Development by Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Set Theory: An Empirical Study on the Green Island in Taiwan

Sustainable tourism development (STD) has recently become a tourism management guideline. STD meets the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future. It is envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems (World Tourism Organization, 2004, Concepts & Definitions: Sustainable Development of Tourism Conceptual Definition. Retrieved 12 August 2004 from http://www.world-tourism.org/frameset/frame_sustainable.html). The purpose of this study is to propose an evaluation procedure of STD and illustrate how it can be applied empirically to a specific destination. Green Island in Taiwan, which lies in the Pacific Ocean, was selected to act as our empirical case due to its rich resources but threatened sustainability. First, we collected indicators of STD from the literature about small islands. Second, the Delphi technique was used to refine and identify the final indicators for STD evaluation according to the characteristics of our study case. Third, we calculated the criteria weights by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process after constructing the evaluation criteria hierarchy. Finally, the measurement of performance corresponding to each criterion was conducted under the setting of fuzzy set theory. The results illustrate that our empirical case still needs more work in order to achieve its goal of sustainable tourism development. We also provide some managerial implications for the stakeholders such as tourism authorities, tourism businesses, local communities and academics.     

赋权理论与旅游发展中的社区能力建设

伴随着旅游业的急速增长,作为旅游业利益相关者中之弱势群体的社区,亟须予以不同层面的赋权以提高其参与能力.赋权是一个建立意识、增强能力和发展技能,通向更多参与、更加平等、更大影响的行动过程.本文通过对国内不同地域社区旅游目的地的追踪研究,在赋权理论的框架下,提出旅游发展中社区能力建设的基本路径.     

论社会营销理论在旅游高等职业教育中的普适性价值

本文首先概述了当前我国职业教育中存在的 4大弊端 ,然后以此为切入口 ,引入社会营销理论 ,进而探讨其在旅游高等职业教育中的普适性价值。旅游高等职业教育在专业设置、课程设计、学生就业定位、就业渠道畅通等方面如能恰当地以社会营销理论作指导 ,其中的许多难题便可迎刃而解。     

基于旅游体验视角的旅游产业价值链分析

由于产业链的概念不清与旅游定义不明确,旅游产业的边界也因此十分模糊。本文从旅游体验是旅游现象的硬核的视角出发,根据新兴产业的模块化特征,围绕旅游体验的生产与服务供给,分析旅游产业价值链的结构与特点,并据此分析旅游产业的边界及其划分意义。     

Climate Change and Tourism: An Overview

This paper presents an overview of the relationship between tourism and global climate change. On the one hand, the tourism industry may be one of the greatest economic victims of climate change. Yet, on the other hand, the broader tourism sector is also a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. This study traces the evolution of academic interest in tourism and climate change. Growth in this area has tracked growth in interest in climate change in general, with tourism-related papers representing consistently about 0.5% of the published research on climate change.