Strategic motivations and choice in subsistence markets

This paper examines the different motivations behind strategic choice in base of the pyramid or subsistence markets. Two strategies are examined through comparative analysis: market extension and strategic intent. Using two commercial bank's micro-lending business strategies in Sri Lanka, a comparative case study suggests that strategic intent is motivated by building capabilities over time that results in successful poverty alleviation, whereas market expansion is motivated by an immediate desire to expand overall sales revenue. This conclusion may help reframe subsistence market or BoP arguments away from such false choices as appropriate size (e.g., multinational corporations versus small and medium size enterprises) toward more useful discussion on understanding why firms participate in subsistence markets and what is the motivation behind their strategic choice. By considering more than just size and scope and studying the motivations behind long-term solutions to poverty alleviation, firm success can be better understood and achieved.     

INTERORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIORS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

Exchanges among firms operating in supply chains are complex due to relational embeddedness, i.e., the extent to which relationships, rather than economic rationality, govern firm‐to‐firm interactions. For many years interfirm relationships were assumed to be best managed via coercive tactics. However, for the last two decades much attention has been given in the literature to more relational forms of governance, and recent supply chain research examining relationship nature, magnitude, and type implies the need for an alternative symbiotic explanation for supply chain relationship effectiveness. To address this void in the literature, this article introduces the concept of interorganizational citizenship behaviors (ICB's). Based on a review of literature from multiple business domains, common types of ICB's are identified, and research hypotheses are developed and tested. Future research initiatives and implications for supply chain management practice are also provided.     

COVID-19 and business renewal: Lessons and insights from the global airline industry

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the fortunes of multiple companies around the globe. Accordingly, questions are increasingly being asked about how organizations can revitalize during and after a crisis. Yet, we have limited understanding of how organizations renew themselves during crises over time. We explore this question through the lens and examination of two South-Asian airlines: Pakistan International Airlines and Sri Lankan Airlines. The cases offer important insights into the reasons behind underperformance of state-controlled enterprises and renewal activities. We shed light on strategic renewal (SR) in the wake of increasing liberalization and deregulations in the global airline industry. To this end, we propose a four-stage approach towards renewing such underperforming organizations to respond effectively to black swan events and external shocks.     

基于顾客价值构建零售业复合价值链

本文结合零售和零售业的活动特征,明确了零售业产出的是包含一组商品和服务、具有顾客价值的混合产品包。因此零售业价值链既不能简单套用波特的产业价值链,也不能完全照搬海斯凯特等人的服务-利润链,而是集成二者的复合价值链。本文对其进行了详细描述,并讨论了复合价值链对零售业的管理意义。     

American Keiretsu:

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the cultural dimension of organizing international buyer-seller relationships. Based on studies of national cultures, it is argued that economic actors will reproduce their social order when interacting across cultural boundaries. Differences in the organization of international buyer-seller relationships can thus be explained by cultural differences. When testing the hypotheses of cultural differences in the context of international distribution channels for Norwegian farmed salmon, only minor cultural differences were detected. This may be due to the fact that the fisheries is a very international industry, and a specific culture within the international fisheries industry may exist.     

零售企业价值创造的模式比较及策略研究

本文认为,加入WTO后各种大型卖场、超级市场、便利店、专卖店、仓储中心及社区店不断出现,客观上要求企业依据国内外价值创造理论与实践的演变,构建更为合理的价值创造模式。第一,加强基于核心环节的价值链管理模式。零售企业价值链管理的核心环节在于强化基础设施、卖场管理与人力资源管理。第二,建立基于信息手段的供应链管理系统。主要包含电子交换系统、电子数据交换系统、快速响应系统、管理信息系统、价值网络、顾客反应系统、决策支援系统、电子收款机(单品管理)信息系统、全球定位系统等。第三,完善全面价值共享的价值网管理业态。