Absorptive Capacity and FDI Spillovers: Evidence from Quantile Regressions

Using Turkish firm-level data for the period 2003–2010, we look at the relationship between foreign direct investment, absorptive capacity, and spillovers at a disaggregated level, and analyze whether firms operating in different quantiles of the productivity distribution respond differently to foreign presence and changes in absorptive capacity. The results reveal that, for a given level of foreign presence, it pays to increase the absorptive capacity of firms operating in lower quantiles. When it comes to inter-industry spillovers, it is counterproductive to increase the absorptive capacity of firms already operating in higher quantiles, as this diverts resources from other productive activities.     

On the Irrelevance of Mercosur: Evidence From Foreign Direct Investment

ABSTRACT

This article utilizes data from more than 100 countries over 30 years to identify the key factors that make a country more attractive to foreign direct investment (FDI). We find evidence that a country's potential marginal returns to capital, available infrastructure, degree of trade openness, labor force qualification, and macroeconomic stability have a positive impact on FDI inflows. Our estimates capture a change in the role played by trade protection and an increase in the importance of human capital as globalization progressed. An application of our models illustrates why Mercosur countries have underperformed their peers in attracting FDI.     

韩国对外直接投资与产业结构调整的实证分析

韩国近几年来对外直接投资迅速发展,尤其是对华投资大幅度提高,同时韩国国内着手实施新一轮的产业政策,进一步加大产业结构调整的步伐。借鉴相关研究成果,运用Granger因果检验和建立韩国对外直接投资与产业结构的定量模型,验证韩国产业升级战略与其大规模对外直接投资关联的设想是否吻合。实证结果表明:韩国产业结构调整促进了对外直接投资的扩大,其中,第三产业的发展对韩国对外直接投资影响程度最大。     

制造业及物流业吸收FDI对我国对外贸易的影响研究

外商直接投资(FDI)作为跨国公司经营资源的综合体,成为发达国家向发展中国家进行技术转移和扩散的重要载体。由于我国物流服务水平低,目前进入我国的制造业、商贸业的跨国公司,通常要把其物流的国际合作伙伴带入中国。随着全球产业的转移,中国成为世界制造业中心,外资物流也随着制造业的转移进入中国。本文在对FDI结构变化分析的基础上,结合我国FDI结构现状,探讨我国吸收FDI的对策。     

外商直接投资、对外直接投资与国际收支——基于国际收支平衡的我国对外直接投资

在我国,引进外商直接投资和对外直接投资之间存在着严重的不对称性。我国国际收支中投资收益逆差抵消了大量的贸易顺差,在未来贸易顺差和外资流入减少的情况下,这将会导致中国国际收支的恶化。因此,需要大力推进我国的对外直接投资以谋求国际收支平衡。     

Foreign Direct Investment Spillovers: Evidence from the British Retail Sector

This paper discusses the impact of foreign‐ownership presence on the productivity performance of British‐owned domestic retailers. In particular, we analyse the existence of productivity spillovers, in the form of knowledge transfer, by using establishment‐level data from the Annual Respondents Database over the period 1997–2003. The results confirm the presence of such spillovers and highlight their positive and significant impact on the productivity of domestic firms, although these spillovers are mostly confined to the region in which foreign subsidiaries locate. There is also evidence that the productivity benefit from regional foreign direct investment spillovers increases with the absorptive capacity of domestic retailers.     

Ireland's Foreign Direct Investment Competitive Advantage and Japanese Outward Foreign Direct Investment

This article addresses Ireland's record in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). FDI has been identified as one of the key factors that has spurred the growth of the Celtic Tiger. An adaptation of Porter's Diamond is offered to explain the determinants of Ireland's competitive advantage in attracting FDI. The overall trends in FDI inflows to Ireland are considered. The study then focuses on Japanese FDI into Europe and Ireland in particular. The pattern of Japanese FDI flows into Ireland is analysed in the context of Ireland's determinants of FDI competitive advantage. Future considerations around Ireland's model of competitive advantage are addressed.     

环境规制与外商直接投资研究

利用面板数据模型对环境规制与外商直接投资之间的关系进行实证分析。检验结果发现,环境规制对外商直接投资呈现负效应,但这种效应并不显著,人均GDP、市场化指数、基础设施状况、开放程度才是决定外商直接投资的决定因素。     

Foreign firm characteristics,labour market restrictions and FDI spillovers: Evidence from Moldova

This paper investigates how productivity spillovers from foreign to domestic firms are affected by foreign firm characteristics and labour market conditions in Moldova. We use firm-level administrative panel data and annual survey region-sector indicators of labour market conditions in 2005–2014. Baseline regressions show that domestic firms benefit from backward FDI spillovers, while we find no evidence of horizontal or forward spillovers. Spillover effects are heterogeneous and depend on the ownership structure and age of foreign firms. Domestic firms in upstream sectors benefit from both wholly foreign-owned companies (WFOC) and joint ventures (JV). However, JVs need less time in the market for positive spillovers to materialise, while WFOCs only lead to larger spillover effects when they are older. In regions and sectors where firms experience fewer labour market restrictions, backward FDI spillovers are larger. Interacting foreign firm characteristics with labour market restrictions, we find that spillovers through the labour market channel materialise only for older FDI, regardless of ownership type. The results are in line with our expectation that WFOCs need more time than JVs to develop linkages with local suppliers and lead to spillovers through this channel. Moreover, in developing countries labour market restrictions reduce labour mobility and consequently, the size of FDI spillovers across industries.     

“二元”对外直接投资与贸易结构:机理与来自我国的证据

本文针对我国对外直接投资的现实情况,从对外直接投资的二元路径——顺梯度OFDI与逆梯度OFDI(Outward Foreign Direct investment),研究了二元对外直接投资影响贸易结构的机理,并利用我国1984-2008年的数据进行了验证,研究表明,我国对外直接投资较大地促进了我国贸易结构的升级;国内产业结构优化与研发利用率提高均能优化我国贸易结构;汇率水平的变动在我国贸易结构长期调整中并无显著影响。     

外商直接投资的技术溢出机理研究

外商直接投资(FDI)通过技术溢出推动了东道国同行业及其他关联企业的技术进步。发展中国家自身技术创新能力有限,为了实现持续提高本国技术水平和促进经济快速增长这一目标,就必须有效地利用FDI技术溢出效应。我国还是一个发展中国家,与发达国家相比,技术水平还存在明显的差距。在此背景下研究外商直接投资的技术溢出及其相关问题,对我国具有现实的意义。     

我国利用外国直接投资过程中存在的问题及对策

自1979年以来,我国坚持对外开放的基本方针,积极引进外资,发展对外贸易,取得了举世瞩目的成就,同时,也出现了一些不容忽视的问题,给本国经济的进一步发展带来了负面影响。进入21世纪,随着经济全球化的不断深化和贸易投资自由化的推进,国际资本越来越成为重要的资源之一,各国政府都采取了积极的引资政策,加大了引资力度,我国利用外国直接投资面临着前所未有的挑战和强大的竞争压力。因此,克服利用外资中出现的问题,保证本国经济的健康和快速发展,制定相应的对策成为我国政府的必然选择。     

外商直接投资与国企诱致性制度变迁

外商直接投资的进入不仅对中国经济发展引入了物质性的要素,更为重要的是引入了对国企改革产生巨大冲击的新制度因素.比较外商直接投资条件下国企制度创新收益和成本的变化,发现外商直接投资减少了国企制度创新的成本,同时使国企制度创新获得更大的利益,外商直接投资促进国企诱致性制度变迁.     

Foreign Direct Investment in Hungary

Abstract

When in 1989 the markets in Central and Eastern Europe opened, western firms were quick to move in. Hungary treated foreign firms equal to domestic ones in the privatization process. It attracted most foreign direct investment in the region. Now, other countries are likely to follow the Hungarian path and allow foreign firms to take over domestic firms. This contribution discusses the experience of six Dutch multinational firms in Hungary and discusses whether these can be useful for expansion into other countries in the region. The results indicate that firms easily underestimate the cost of reconstructing acquired enterprises and that building a market position is more expensive than anticipated.     

Foreign Direct Investment,Pollution, and the Environmental Quality: A Model with Empirical Evidence From the Chinese Regions

In this study, within the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), we empirically investigate the effects of regional openness to foreign direct investment (FDI) and regional economic growth on pollution emission across the Chinese provinces. Our analysis shows FDI contributes to more serious pollution emission, where the effect of the former on the latter is realized through the former’s impacts on the input of natural resources or the industry mix, either of which is associated with the level of total factor productivity. Our analysis also shows that with the continuous growth of output and per capita output, pollution emission and pollution emission intensity would both first rise and then fall, which lends support to the EKC hypothesis.     

Foreign Direct Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa: Motivating Factors and Policy Issues

Sub-Saharan Africa's (SSA) foreign direct investment (FDI) share has persistently averaged 1% of global flows. The location decision and perceptions of investors are therefore instructive for policy making. This article factor analyses a survey of perceptions, operations, and motivations of 758 foreign investors in 10 SSA countries. We find that the provision of transaction cost–reducing information on industries and markets and utility services to investors before and after a firm's FDI decision are significant factors. FDI location decision in SSA is influenced strongly by political economy considerations. Labor and production input variables are not influential.     

外国直接投资、出口倾向与技术溢出效应

本文利用2001、2002、2003年的行业数据,对比研究了在外商投资企业出口倾向较高的行业和出口倾向较低的行业,外商投资企业对我国内资企业的技术溢出效应。结果表明,在外商投资企业出口倾向较高的行业,外商投资企业通过竞争效应、研发效应和模仿效应对我国内资企业产生较明显的技术溢出效应,在外商投资企业出口倾向较低的行业,其技术溢出效应不明显。     

新形势下我国海外直接投资面临的问题及促进对策

我国对外直接投资进入快速增长时期,市场覆盖宽广,结构不断优化,投资主体竞争力日见增强,取得了良好的互利共赢成效显。在海外直接投资呈现明显后发优势的同时,存在的存量规模小、根基浅,风险增大,企业国际化经营水平有待提高,走出去人才缺乏等问题开始逐渐显现。为促进企业更好更快地走出去,我国应抓住有利机遇,深化对外直接投资体制改革,完善社会服务化组织,打造引进来与走出去的双向互动机制,大力培育投资主体,加强企业与东道国在文化上的融合,加快培养人才。     

外商在华直接投资的区位因素分析

中国引进外资已具有相当规模 ,但在地区分布上却极不平衡 ,这不利于消除我国地区经济的二元结构。本文概述了外商在华直接投资的区位状况 ,并从投资国和东道国两个方面分析了造成这一状况的原因 ,归纳总结出外商在华直接投资的区位决定因素 ,并给出了中西部地区吸引外资的对策建议。     

中国对外直接投资的发展及未来趋势

中国对外直接投资正处于迅速发展时期 ,这对于中国参与经济全球化具有重要的意义。中国对外直接投资表现出发展中国家对外直接投资初期的典型特征 ,然而中国的对外直接投资仍然具有比较优势。只要中国企业积极参与经济全球化 ,发挥并积累竞争优势 ,中国企业的国际化将会健康、快速的发展。