经济全球化中发展中国家实现可持续发展的对策研究

经济全球化趋势不可避免,它在促进发展中国家经济增长的同时,也影响到发展中国家的可持续发展。对于发展中国家而言,应当充分利用全球化的有利条件和机遇,要在国际政治经济秩序、环保产业、技术创新和金融可持续发展方面制定相应的对策,实现可持续发展的目标。     

FDI的新特点对发展中国家金融稳定的影响

20世纪90年代以来,发展中国家吸收的FDI呈现出一些新特点.这些新特点的出现,使FDI对发展中国家金融稳定的影响更为复杂.发展中国家政府有必要更加关注FDI对其金融稳定的影响,采取有效措施,加强对FDI的监管.     

Investment Flows,Economic Growth,and Corruption in African Countries: An Analysis

ABSTRACT

The analysis of corruption in international business is a relatively new phenomenon, and for the past two decades, many studies have attempted to capture the economic impact of the corruption in a country. However, most of these studies have concentrated their analysis to the experiences of the developed countries. None or very few of the current works have addressed the corruption issue in the context of foreign direct investment and economic growth in the developing countries. This work examines theoretically, as well as empirically, the incidence of corruption in the context of foreign direct investment in the developing countries, especially several African countries that signed a treaty to reduce the incidence of corruption in their respective countries.     

我国对外投资发展阶段的实证分析

近年来,我国在吸收国际直接投资的同时,也逐渐开始对外进行投资。本文利用投资发展路径理论,分析研究了中国近几年国际直接投资流入和流出的情况,指出中国正处于投资发展路径理论的第二阶段,而且在积极地向第三阶段转变。本文又通过横截面数据分析了不同地区和省份的投资发展路径所处阶段。最后就吸收外资和对外直接投资的发展提出一些对策。     

Poland's Investment Development Path and Industry Structure of FDI Inflows and Outflows

ABSTRACT

This study explores changes in industry composition of FDI inflows to and outflows from Poland, using the conceptual framework of J. Dunning's model of the investment development path (IDP). The data time frame used (from 1996 to 2005) allows for identification of significant changes in FDI structure as Poland moves through stage 2 of her IDP. The leading position of the manufacturing sector in both FDI inflows and outflows is replaced by services (especially financial and trade). The last section presents policy implications focused on measures designed to redress the imbalance between the still much larger inflows than outflows of FDI.     

国际贸易与投资理论的新发展: 新制度经济学分析

新制度经济学在国际贸易和投资相关研究领域的渗透并非一个新现象,内部化理论就是在新制度经济学的影响下产生的。21世纪初,新制度经济学和国际贸易与投资理论出现了新的融合趋势,从原来的简单运用发展到将不完全契约直接融入不完全竞争条件下的跨国公司组织形式选择的一般均衡模型分析,甚至直接在新制度经济学的产权理论框架下分析跨国公司的组织选择行为。这一理论上的整合对于分析跨国公司在发展中国家的直接投资及其组织形式具有重要意义。     

The Impact of the Multinational in the Development: An Ethical Challenge

Multinational enterprises have continued their increase during the last decades. What these companies do and how they do, determines not only the economic development of countries, but also their social and cultural development. This enormous power implies responsibility and new challenges.If we also take into account the role of multinational enterprises in what has been called sustainable development, we see that their importance is still more decisive.In order to guide the performances of multinational enterprises that operate in developing countries, several supranational organizations like the ILO, the OECD, the EU and the UN have elaborated some recommendations to unify criteria and to set out some minimum standards to favor an integral development of these countries. In this document we present three of those with the greatest impact and we analyze them from the approach of an ethical sustainable human development.     

Meeting the Challenges for Franchising in Developing Countries: The Vietnamese Experience

While business format franchising is the industry standard for developed countries, it remains an aspiration for many developing countries. Despite the attraction for developing countries of systems, training, and support and despite the economic and regulatory infrastructure being in place for the development of business format franchising, a range of commercial and socio-cultural factors may conspire to prevent its full expression. This paper addresses franchising development in Vietnam, a developing country. It considers strategies to bridge the gap between Vietnamese franchise practice and franchising best practice. It proposes that in Vietnam's current state of development, the product and trade name model may be the appropriate starting point with a move to the business format model only when, and in places where, the socio-cultural, commercial, and economic factors and the legal environment can accommodate more sophisticated business format franchise arrangements.     

发展中国家对华反倾销的深层次分析

经济全球化使得国际贸易竞争态势更加激烈,中国加入WTO后发展中国家对华反倾销趋势有增无减,这种严峻形势要求我国企业必须对发展中国家反倾销的形势、特点有清醒的认识,结合发展中国家的国际贸易地位,产业结构,及反倾销法律环境制定有针对性的应对策略,这样才能提高我国产品在发展中国家的市场占有率,拓展发展中国家市场。     

外商直接投资在黑龙江省区域创新系统中的角色与发展对策

近年来，区域创新系统的研究正在逐步发展深化，外商直接投资的全球化发展给世界各国区域创新系统提供了机遇。黑龙江省区域创新系统科技投入少，资源利用差，技术创新能力弱。应拓宽融资渠道，提高外商R＆D投入强度；推动区域产业群发展，形成竞争优势；加快先进服务技术的扩散，提升整个区域的科技竞争力。     

机构投资者投资风格变动与上市公司绩效

根据我国2006-2008年之间存续的基金数据分析,发现不同投资风格类别的机构投资者所持股的上市公司表现出显著的差异。无论从短期还是长期来看,由投资风格保持不变的机构投资者持股的上市公司业绩更好。与以往文献不同的是本研究不仅验证了机构投资者已经发挥了积极的治理作用,同时还为深入理解机构投资者内部组成的差异提供了经验证据,这对理论界、投资者和政府监管部门具有参考价值。     

The Impact of Knowledge Acquisition and Absorptive Capacity on Technological Innovations in Developing Countries: Evidence From Egyptian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

The author examines the determinants of technological innovations in Egyptian manufacturing and service small and medium-sized enterprises. Three categories of determinants are explored: (a) firms’ exposure to external knowledge and technologies, (b) firms’ absorptive capacity, and (c) financial and market barriers to innovation. A large dataset derived from the 2009 Egyptian innovation survey is used to estimate two binary logit models of factors explaining firms’ propensity to innovate in the manufacturing and service sectors. Results show that Egyptian manufacturing and service small and medium-sized enterprises follow similar paths to innovate and confirm the assumption that the catching-up reality in most developing countries makes the patterns followed by firms to innovate fundamentally different from those applied in countries at the technology frontier.     

孔子学院促进了中国对外工程承包吗？——基于发展中国家面板数据的实证分析

发展中国家是中国对外承包工程的主要来源国。现实中,孔子学院具有增进中外理解信任和提供信息平台的功能,可以促进中外工程承包业务的开展;而其对外人才培养的功能,会提升所在国的建设能力,对中外工程承包具有抑制作用。本文以35个发展中国家为样本,通过建立面板回归方程,实证分析孔子学院对中国对外工程承包的影响。分析表明:孔子学院的建立显著减少了中国对所在国的工程承包金额;所在国的人口数量、政局稳定性以及与中国的贸易关系会对中国对外工程承包产生显著而积极的影响;所在国经济发展水平与中国对外工程承包呈正二次项关系。中国应致力于提升对外工程承包的技术含量,加大融资支持,并进一步发挥孔子学院的信息平台功能,以更好地促进中国对外工程承包产业的发展。     

Economic and Political Determinants of the Effects of FDI on Growth in Transition and Developing Countries

This study investigates the role of human capital and political development in determining the magnitude of the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on growth for a panel of 61 transition and developing countries for the period 1989 to 2013. A baseline growth model incorporating these variables is tested and then extended to include FDI interaction effects with human capital (measured using secondary school enrollment data) and political development (based on Economist Intelligence Unit Democracy Index scores). These growth interaction effects between FDI and human capital vary according to regime type. Political development in conjunction with FDI appears to suppress the effects of FDI on growth in authoritarian countries while enhancing them in hybrid democracies. For more democratic countries, domestic investment is a more important driver of growth. The effects of FDI on growth in the ten transition economies included in the sample data set are found to be insignificant. Although this result might seem to differ from a priori expectations, it is in line with the findings of most earlier studies that cover the period up to 2004. The paper also provides no strong evidence that a critical threshold of human capital is required to generate beneficial spillover growth effects from inflows of FDI. The paper provides new and more detailed insights into the effects of FDI on growth with particular respect to human capital and political regime covering a large number of transition and developing countries based on an up‐to‐date data set covering a 25‐year period to 2013. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

“一带一路”沿线国家数字经济的发展与思考

在“一带一路”倡议下,沿线国家数字经济进入全新发展阶段。加强“一带一路”沿线国家数字经济建设,不但可以帮助中国制造走出去,还可以帮助国家国际贸易、经济发展。本文主要围绕“研究背景”“一带一路沿线国家数字经济发展中存在的问题”“一带一路沿线国家数字经济发展策略”“加强一带一路沿线国家数字经济发展安全保障”这几个方面展开论述,希望明确国家数字经济发展的方向与趋势,加快“一带一路”沿线国家数字经济的发展步伐。     

经济增长的投资效应与影响路径:一个脉冲响应的函数分析

本文利用向量自回归 (VectorAutoregresion)模型中的脉冲响应函数检验了中国自 1 978年以来经济增长对投资的响应路径 ,结果发现 ,在整个期间 ,投资具有非常明显的短期性 ,而且经济增长率对投资的响应弹性在大多数的时间显著小于 1 ,这也说明了投资仍然是粗放型的 ,而不是集约型的。在得出这个结论后 ,我们利用现有的投资数据对结论进行了验证 ,发现 :中国的投资简单地注重了增量扩张 ,而没有注重存量调整 ;投资结构的失衡 ,导致了投资过度仍然必须通过投资校正 ,而这在客观上会导致投资的短期性和粗放性。     

The Growth Impact of Chinese Direct Investment on Host Developing Countries

This paper examines the growth impact of Chinese outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on host developing countries and investigates whether it is different from that of OFDI from Western countries. The analysis covers the distinctive characteristics of Chinese OFDI, in particular, weak ownership advantages and strong state supportiveness, and how they influence the growth impact of OFDI through different transmission channels. Using a cross-country panel dataset for 52 countries over the 2004-2012 period and OFDI originating from China and the US as examples, the results attest to our argument that it is not absolute but relative ownership advantage and the gap-filling compatibilities between FDI and host economies that determine the growth impact of FDI on the host countries. It finds that both Chinese OFDI and US OFDI have a significant positive impact on capital accumulation in developing countries; however, Chinese OFDI has a stronger effect on employment and productivity growth than US OFDI. Moreover, the growth impact of Chinese OFDI is stronger in low-income countries, while US OFDI demonstrates significant effects mainly in middle-income countries.     

Solving Export Marketing Problems of Small and Medium-Sized Firms from Developing Countries

Abstract

This study shows how networks can be used to solve the export marketing problems manufacturing firms in developing countries are facing. Major export barriers perceived by manufacturing firms in Eritrea are identified and, subsequently, differences in perceptions between footwear and textile manufacturers, and small and medium sized firms are examined. The findings suggest that some problems can be solved through individual action by the firms (market or hierarchy). However, small and medium-sized firms on their own can't solve the most important problems, like the lack of market information, the preparation of proper designs and the fulfillment of minimum quantity requirements. The major conclusion is that export market entry by SMEs in developing countries will not be successful if no horizontal and vertical business networks are established.     

Environmental Costs and Responsibilities Resulting from Oil Exploitation in Developing Countries: The Case of the Niger Delta of Nigeria

Interest shown on the environmental impact of operations of multinational enterprises in developing countries has grown significantly recently, and has fuelled a heated public policy debate. In particular, there has been interest in the environmental degradation of host communities and nations resulting from the operations of multinational oil companies in developing countries. This article examines the issue of environmental costs and responsibilities resulting from oil exploitation and production in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The case study is based, in part, upon series of interviews with key stakeholders in the Nigerian oil industry. The article further examines the implications of the current practice and policies of multinational oil companies with respect to environmental impact of oil exploitation. The study’s findings illustrates that it is becoming increasingly apparent to oil companies that pollution prevention pays while pollution does not and under pressure from stakeholder groups, oil companies now routinely incorporate environmental impact assessments into their corporate strategy.Dr Gabriel Eweje is a lecturer in Management and International Business at College of Business, Massey University, Auckland Campus, New Zealand. Previously, he worked as a Research Fellow at the United Nations University, Institute of Advanced Studies (UNU/IAS), Tokyo, Japan, and taught at Royal Holloway University of London, England. His PhD from University of London focused on Corporate Social Responsibility and Activities of Multinational Oil and Mining companies in Developing Countries. He also worked as a Research Fellow with International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London on a project on how mining and minerals can contribute to sustainable development (MMSD). His research interest lies around the issues of business ethics, corporate social responsibility and sustainability related disciplines.     

我国深化政治体制改革的路径依赖与制度创新——以新制度主义为研究视角

在新制度主义框架下研究我国政治体制改革可以发现，我国政治体制在新中国成立后60多年发展过程中所形成的路径依赖现象是当前我们进一步深化政治体制改革的困厄所在。这种路径依赖．就是我国具体政治体制在变迁的过程中对核心制度的高度依赖，它一方面使好的政治制度得以延续，可以为以后的政治发展提供一个基本的模板和发展指向；另一方面，它可能使一个坏体制“顽强”地生存下去，要改掉它比建立一个新的体制还要艰难。要打破政治体制变迁过程中的“路径锁定”，必须进一步解放思想．在党政关系、改革理念和权力制衡等方面实现创新，为建立现代政治文明架桥铺路。