Peak Oil: a hidden issue? Social representations of professional tourism perspectives

Peak Oil, the peaking of global oil production, is a collective risk highly relevant to the tourism sector. Public discourse on Peak Oil, however, is limited. To better understand what “sense” tourism experts make of Peak Oil, and provide a platform for future debate and action, this research used the theory of social representation to explore core and peripheral elements that constitute Peak Oil representations and help tourism stakeholders to conceptualize and address this issue. Using free association methodology, 101 tourism experts worldwide provided up to five words and three mental images describing their thoughts and feelings about Peak Oil. The analysis highlights the importance of economic impacts and alternative energy sources, as well as anchoring effects to more established concepts such as sustainability and climate change. Notably, each of the four professional sub-groups approached (academics, consultants, government and industry representatives) had markedly different core beliefs. There was no agreement on whether Peak Oil was concerning or not, and whether action is required by the tourism sector to address negative impacts. This was particularly evident with the industry sub-group. Future research and policy implications are outlined, including the role of the media, and its responsibility to facilitate this discourse.     

Food tourists’ connectivity through the 5A journey and advocacy: comparison between generations Y and X

ABSTRACT

By adopting the new 5A model of Marketing 4.0, which conceptualizes a consumer-driven paradigm shift in digital marketing, this study empirically investigated food tourists’ connectivity throughout the 5A process (aware, appeal, ask, act, and advocate). Furthermore, we compared the 5A journeys of Generation Y and Generation X. Along the 5A path, both generations indicated the strongest social connectivity in the ask stage. Generation Y showed stronger social connectivity than Generation X, while there was no significant difference in channel connectivity. The social connectivity in the advocate stage was most strongly correlated with that in the act stage. Within each generation, active netizens were more strongly engaged in sharing and positive/negative advocacy. Based on these findings, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications.