创业者网络能力、创业激情与创业绩效——基于资源编排与风险承担双重传导路径

创业者及其新创企业面临较大的生存压力,研究其如何借助外部关系网络提升创业绩效具有重要意义。本文基于创业网络理论,以大学生创业者为样本进行实证研究,结果显示:关系建立能力负向影响创业资源编排,正向影响创业风险承担,而关系协调能力对创业资源拼凑和创业风险承担均具有正向影响。创业资源编排正向影响创业绩效,而创业风险承担对创业绩效的影响呈倒U型;创业激情正向调节创业者网络能力对其创业绩效的影响。本文从网络能力视角深化了创业绩效提升机制研究,提出创业者应提高网络能力、对外部资源的利用能力和对企业经营管理的能力,政府应进行及时有效的创业扶持,从而为创业者实现创业成长提供实践指导。     

高层管理团队异质性、团队冲突和创业绩效的关系研究——以冲突管理为调节变量

为了探讨新创企业高层管理团队(TMT)异质性、团队冲突冲突管理和创业绩效的关系,本文以理论推导为基础,提出研究假设,构建了可调节的中介效应模型,对新创企业高层管理团队进行调研,运用结构方程模型检验了四者的关系。研究发现,在新创企业中TMT异质性对创业绩效具有积极的促进作用;任务冲突和关系冲突在两者之间都起到了部分中介作用;在团队冲突对TMT异质性和创业绩效的中介作用过程中,合作式和竞争式冲突管理在任务冲突和创业绩效间起到显著的调节作用,回避式冲突管理在关系冲突和创业绩效间起到显著的调节作用。研究结果为新创企业绩效改善提供了实证支持。     

国际创业研究现状回顾与评价

国际创业研究最先关注新创企业的国际创业活动,McDougall(1989)对国内新创企业和国际新创企业进行了实证比较研究,为国际创业理论的发展奠定了坚实的基础。随着研究的不断深入和理论探索的发展,出现了国际商务理论和创业理论的交叉融合,很多文献开始探索创业环境,创业者特质以及组织能力对组织绩效的影响,国     

创业团队异质性与团队互动、决策绩效的关系路径:一项多案例研究

在创业实践中,创业团队内部的构成、协作与管理是影响创业成败的重要因素,而创业团队成员个体间的差异则会显著影响创业团队的行为,并最终对创业活动的成败产生至关重要的影响.本文从团队理论和社会认同理论视角出发,采用多案例研究的方法,针对JG公司、ZM公司、WX公司等3家创业型企业展开了系统性的研究.通过对案例中获取的资料进行规范性编码,本研究对创业团队异质性、团队互动、团队决策绩效在创业情景下的结构维度进行了重新提炼与界定;进一步,本文得到了创业团队异质性与团队互动、决策绩效的三条重要关系路径:社会型异质性—团队沟通—决策质量,社会型异质性—团队协作—决策满意度,价值观类异质性—团队沟通—决策质量.在此基础上,本文为创业团队的组建与发展提出了建议.     

如何建立良好的创业团队成员心理契约关系

创业团队成员与企业之间存在着一定的心理契约,这种心理契约可能会对创业团队的企业家精神、团队的稳定、创业绩效等造成重要影响,进而影响到新创企业的生存状况、成长速度和发展方向。创业是指创业者通过创新手段,有效利用各种资源,创造出新的价值并实现商机的活动。随着知识经济的兴起,团队创业现象日益普遍,创业团队研究也成为理论研究的热点。目前,学者主要围绕创业团队结     

创业者特质、创业环境对农村电商经营绩效的影响研究——基于浙江省的实政研究

在"互联网+"背景下如何全面推动农村电商的快速与持续发展是社会各界都迫切关注的热点问题。创业者特质和创业环境对农村电商经营绩效具有重要影响。本文通过对浙江电子商务发达地域的五个园区进行问卷调查和实证检测,得到结论:创业者特质中风险承担,创业环境中管理环境、融资环境和政策环境对财务绩效会产生显著的正向影响;创业者特质中创新性、成就动机,创业环境中基础设施、管理环境和服务环境对非财务绩效产生显著的正向影响。     

新创企业创新驱动、创业能力对企业成长绩效的影响——一个有调节的中介作用

本文基于所构建的新创企业创新驱动、创业能力对成长绩效影响的概念模型和提出的相关假设,通过对陕西省和青海省的新创企业进行调研,运用多层回归方法进行实证分析发现:创新驱动对新创企业成长绩效、创业能力分别具有正向的影响,创业能力对企业成长绩效具有正向的影响,创业能力在创新驱动与成长绩效的影响关系中起部分中介作用,创业拼凑在创新驱动、创业能力及企业成长绩效的影响关系中具有正向调节作用。据此提出建议:在创新驱动战略下,新创企业需不断挖掘创意理念,率先识别机会并利用机会与资源将新的创意通过研发转化为新产品;要重视创业拼凑,巧妙地利用各种资源解决资源匮乏的难题,不断挖掘市场资源进而开辟更多的销售渠道,打造自身的商业模式并获取较好的绩效。     

企业家灵性资本与自我效能感对创业绩效的作用

企业家灵性资本是企业家受其自身核心价值观、人生观指导,所拥有的能推动自身发展、提高自身创新能力的原动力。本文以江苏省235家中小型创业型企业为样本,并加入自我效能感为调节变量,实证分析了企业家灵性资本与创业绩效的关系。研究发现,灵性资本与创业绩效显著正相关,且自我效能感对其有正向调节作用。研究进一步表明,自我效能感对灵性资本与创新绩效维度的关系以及人生意义维度与创业绩效的关系都有调节作用。对此,企业家应根据个人特质,设计灵性资本提升方案;加强团队组织学习,提高自我效能感;树立企业创新战略导向,以提高企业创业绩效。     

文化创意企业团队异质性对团队绩效影响机理研究——基于团队知识共享的视角

异质性团队因其良好的互补性,成为文化创意企业重要的工作单元.基于文献研究和实际调研,本文从团队知识共享的视角构建了团队异质性与团队绩效的理论模型.利用结构方程,对来自130个文化创意团队的数据进行分析,结果表明:团队异质性三个维度对团队知识共享和团队绩效的影响中,社会分类异质性与价值观异质性均产生显著负向作用,信息异质性则是显著正向作用;知识共享对团队绩效的提升有显著正向作用,在社会分类异质性与任务绩效、信息异质性与任务绩效间起部分中介作用,在团队异质性与创新绩效间起到完全中介作用;知识共享在社会分类异质性与成员满意度、信息异质性与成员满意度间起到了完全的中介作用,而在价值观异质性与成员满意度间只产生了部分中介作用.最后,根据研究结果,提出了相关管理建议.     

创业导向与企业绩效:制度环境和市场环境的调节作用

创业导向与企业绩效之间的关系受到了学者们的广泛关注,然而针对转型经济背景下情境因素的研究却相对不足.本研究依据资源依赖理论的观点,探讨了转型经济背景下制度环境和市场环境在创业导向与企业绩效之间的调节效应.以125家中小企业为样本,结果发现:(1)创业导向对企业绩效有显著的正向影响;(2)在制度环境方面,制度支持正向调节创业导向与绩效的关系,而不正当竞争对两者的关系无显著影响;(3)在市场环境方面,需求不确定性正向调节创业导向与绩效的关系,而技术动态性对两者的关系有微弱的抑制作用.基于以上发现,本研究进行了讨论并给出了对企业管理实践的启示.     

Founders' Characteristics,Venture Capital Syndication and Governance in Entrepreneurial IPOs

Using a unique sample of 444 entrepreneurial IPOs in the UK and France this paper examines links between founders' characteristics, venture capital (VC) syndication and the development of effective boards in entrepreneurial firms. It argues that VC-backed IPOs suffer from two sets of agency problems which are related to principal-agent and principal-principal relationships between the founders and members of the VC syndicate. The empirical evidence shows that there is a curvilinear relationship between the intensity of founders' external ties and VC syndication. Founders' retained share ownership is negatively associated with VC syndication. We also find that in syndicated IPOs there is a higher involvement of passive private equity firms and “business angels” investing alongside VC firms, both in terms of their number and equity presence. VC-syndicated IPOs have more independent boards than IPOs with no VC involvement. Board independence is negatively associated with founders' retained equity. These results are consistent with the assumption that board independence is used to mitigate agency costs associated with VC involvement in IPO firms. Our findings also identify significant differences in governance characteristics between the UK and France. While French IPOs have less independent boards, they involve more VC backing in general and syndicated VC funding in particular, than UK IPOs.     

基于联合风险投资的创业智力资本导入机理研究

本文首先描述了创业企业通过吸收联合风险投资获得发展所急需的财务资本与智力资本而飞速发展的现象;然后阐述了创业智力资本的结构,探讨了基于联合风险投资的创业智力资本的导入机理;最后,进行了具体案例的剖析。     

Do Disruptive Visions Pay Off? The Impact of Disruptive Entrepreneurial Visions on Venture Funding

Entrepreneurs often articulate a vision for their venture that purports to fundamentally change, disturb, or re‐order the ways in which organizations, markets, and ecosystems operate. We call these visions disruptivevisions. Neglected in both the disruption and the impression management literature, disruptive visions are widespread in business practice. We integrate real options and impression management theories to hypothesize that articulating a disruptive vision increases the likelihood of the venture receiving funding but reduces the amount of funding obtained. A novel dataset of Israeli start‐ups shows that a standard deviation increase in disruptive vision communication increases the odds of receiving a first round of funding by 22 per cent, but reduces amounts of funds received by 24 per cent. A randomized online experiment corroborates these findings and further demonstrates that the expectation of extraordinary returns is the key mechanism driving investors’ sensemaking.     

Entrepreneurial Hustle: Navigating Uncertainty and Enrolling Venture Stakeholders through Urgent and Unorthodox Action

Entrepreneurs need to act under conditions of uncertainty and resource constraints to bring new, often-unrecognizable products to market and convince an unknown set of stakeholders to support their endeavours. The type of action entrepreneurs take to navigate uncertain entrepreneurial contexts is underspecified. We analysed 48 interviews with entrepreneurs to inductively identify an action-oriented construct we labelled as entrepreneurial hustle – an entrepreneur’s urgent, unorthodox actions that are intended to be useful in addressing immediate challenges and opportunities under conditions of uncertainty. In a follow-up study, we use an experimental vignette approach to assess the impact of an entrepreneur’s hustle on venture stakeholders. Findings suggest that entrepreneurial hustle positively influences stakeholder perceptions of the entrepreneur’s leadership effectiveness and a venture’s legitimacy, mediated by perceptions of the entrepreneur’s ability-based trustworthiness. We conclude that entrepreneurial hustle is a fundamental behaviour that enables entrepreneurs to enrol new venture stakeholders and lead their entrepreneurial efforts.     

The Relationship between Slack Resources and the Performance of Entrepreneurial Firms: The Role of Venture Capital and Angel Investors

In this study, we seek to further delineate factors that condition the relationship between slack resources and firm performance. To do so, we develop and test a model that establishes the role of venture capital (VC) and angel investors as powerful external stakeholders who positively moderate the slack–performance relationship. In addition, we provide more insight into this relationship by examining differences between these two types of private investors and by examining the role of their ownership stakes. We test our hypotheses using a sample of 1215 private firms, including VC‐backed firms, angel‐backed firms, and similar firms without such investors. We find that the presence of VC investors positively moderates the relationship between both financial and human slack resources and firm performance, while angel investors only positively moderate the effect of human resource slack. Further, VC investors are only marginally better at helping entrepreneurs to extract value from human resource slack than angel investors and they are no better when it comes to financial slack. Finally, we find that the impact of financial and human resource slack on firm performance is more positive in VC‐backed firms when investors hold high ownership stakes, an effect which is significantly stronger than when angel investors hold high ownership stakes.     

杨民召和他的创业之路

<正>在兰州,"物业管理"被人们认知,严格讲应该只有14年——自1999年8月15日东方红广场被兰州城关物业接管的那天起,才被更多的人所了解。在甘肃省城兰州,有一个被人们习惯称之为"杨劳模"的人,他就是兰州民召物业管理集团掌门人——杨民召。谈起杨民召,知道他的人很多,东方红广场的物业     

风险投资者评价创业公司价值的一种方法

本文基于风险投资者的利益，将创业公司的价值区分为内在价值和增长期权价值两部分，利用自由现金流量方法度量创业公司的内在价值，利用实物期权方法度量风险投资的增长期权价值，为风险投资决策及风险资金的退出定价提供了一种定量分析方法。     

Entrepreneurial motivation

Recent research on entrepreneurship has focused largely on macrolevel environmental forces [Aldrich, H. (2000). Organizations evolving. Beverly Hills: Sage] and the characteristics of entrepreneurial opportunities [Christiansen, C. (1997). The innovators dilemma. Cambridge: Harvard Business School Press]. Although researchers adopting this focus have rightly criticized much of the existing empirical research on the role of human motivation in entrepreneurship [Aldrich, H., & Zimmer, C. (1986). Entrepreneurship through social networks. In D. Sexton & R. Smilor (Eds.), The art and science of entrepreneurship (pp. 3–23). Cambridge, MA: Ballinger; Adm. Sci. Q. 32 (1987) 570], we believe that the development of entrepreneurship theory requires consideration of the motivations of people making entrepreneurial decisions. To provide a road map for researchers interested in this area, we discuss the major motivations that prior researchers have suggested should influence the entrepreneurial process, as well as suggest some motivations that are less commonly studied in this area. In addition to outlining the major reasons for exploring these motivations, we identify the major weaknesses that have limited the predictive power of previous research on this topic. We offer explicit solutions for future research to adopt to overcome these problems.     

创业能力培养与创业教育融合模式研究

本文分析了国内、国外创业教育的经验,认为我国的创业教育应建立多层次的人才培养模式,从而形成人才培养质量和人才培养过程的多维度系统,实现"以创业带动就业"的目的。