Advertising in streaming video: An integrative literature review and research agenda

Streaming video (SV), such as YouTube, is a new media widely used nowadays. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge about advertising in SV. In view of this, through a search in the rich depository of the Scopus database, this article presents the first integrative literature review about advertising in SV. Searching every article and conference paper related to the topic published until May 04, 2020, 59 studies were found and classified into two main topics: marketing studies (35), mostly focused on evaluating or exploring advertising in SV, and computational studies (24), focusing on the development of systems for the insertion of ads into SV. All knowledge present in these studies was summarized so that readers (both scholars and practitioners) could have easy access to the main contributions and information present in each study. Moreover, future research directions in six main themes are presented through a research agenda.     

The Effect of Industry Concentration on Free Riding

The conventional wisdom regarding industry concentration and cooperative behavior has not been fully supported by the empirical literature. This paper develops a game-theoretic model to explain these mixed results. In the context of an industry that lobbies the government for tariff protection, the model shows that the difficulty of enforcing a cooperative agreement is a function of not only the number of firms in the industry but also the rate of return to lobbying. Thus, when the rate of return to lobbying expenditures is high, the expected relationship may break down.     

A Dynamic Model of Advertising and Product Differentiation

This paper analyses a differential game of duopolisticrivalry through time where firms can use advertisingand price as competitive tools. Two cases are consideredwhereby: (1) advertising has the main effect ofincreasing market size and firms differ in productionefficiency; (2) advertising has both predatory and cooperativeeffects in a symmetric market. The former shows thatmarket shares and advertising shares are positivelycorrelated and that market size increases with thedifference in firms' relative efficiency. The latterhighlights the differences in the feedback andopen-loop strategies. It is shown that firms' advertisingare strategic complements and that profits are higherin the feedback equilibrium because firms advertise more.The applicability of the model in markets wherefranchise contracts and dealership agreements operateis also discussed.     

The Effect of Government Advertising Policies on the Market Power of Cigarette Firms

We estimate market power among cigarette manufacturers over 1952–1984, a period of uniform pricing. We apply the Bresnahan approach; adjust it to the firm level; employ a dynamic model with habit persistence; and add an advertising equation, which helps identify the parameters, increase degrees of freedom, and constrain parameters so we can interpret our results at the firm level, despite the fact that the equations conform to what we might see in a market model. We consider effects of government interventions upon demand and market power and find, for instance, that the 1971 broadcast advertising ban decreased market power.     

我国移动通信企业竞争模型及其策略——基于产品质量差异的分析

我国移动通信市场呈现典型的双寡头竞争结构。移动通信企业的实际经营状况表明.我国移动通信企业竞争问题不能用经典的伯川德模型解释。在分析影响移动通信市场企业竞争因素的基础上.本文建立了考虑产品质量差异的我国移动通信企业竞争的纳什均衡模型。通过对模型的数值计算与分析,探讨了我国移动通信企业竞争的特征和规律。在运用我国移动通信企业竞争的实际数据进行经验分析并验证了上述竞争模型之后.本文评价和提出了我国移动通信企业的竞争策略。     

环境保护私人供给的经济学分析--基于一个俱乐部物品模型

传统以来,环境问题往往通过政府干预解决,然而现实世界中出现越来越多的环境保护私人供给的现象。本文基于一个俱乐部物品模型,对发生在环境领域中这一似乎有悖常理的现象进行经济学分析,选取ISO14001环境管理体系作为研究对象,进一步论证公共物品私人供给发生的可能性。     

基于证据理论的审计过程改进

一定意义上来说,审计过程是一个证据的过程,故此,审计过程的改进也应该考虑证据的基本理论。文章根据证据理论的基本要素,提出了扩大审计了解范围、强调所获证据的实质、清晰认识审计认定与欲取证据之间的关系、考虑审计证据的证明标准、重视审计主体的职业怀疑态度等五方面的审计过程改进措施,以提高审计过程的合理性和夯实审计结果的基础。     

The Theory and Evidence on Real Estate Financial Decisions: A Review of the Issues

There has developed a growing body of literature, both theoretically and empirically based, on real estate financial decisions. Despite these advances, there are a number of important issues that remain unanswered. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review and analysis of where research on real estate financial decisions has been, where it stands today, and where it is likely to be headed in the future. Some of the unresolved issues in real estate investment analysis are also discussed. The hope is that this review will provide the stimulus for solving some of these complex issues.     

Export 2008':Riding a Tiger Influences of CPI growth and RMB appreciation on Chinese textile export

2007 has already said farewell to us,however,the influences and meditations it brought are still fresh.In the past year, Chinese textile industry has waved through ups and downs:increasing austerity of external environment and adjustment of internal policies seemingly kept squeezing its profit margin,even the living space. But,to everyone’s gratification, many Chinese textile industries survived from diversity and carved out ways through twists and turns.However,while we were ready to breathe for relief,the snow of 2008 once again triggered people’s worries,and the continuing CPI growth as well as RMB appreciation circumstance,many export-oriented enterprises,like riding a tiger,are tortured by the idea whether do textile business or not, if do,how.Fortunately, some enterprise began to turn their attention to domestic market and pay more efforts to brand building and technology innovation with intends to develop new markets……     

Demand for coffee in Sweden: The role of prices, preferences and market power

There is a widespread belief that consumer coffee prices are high relative to bean prices and that lower consumer prices would lead to substantial increases in bean exports from Third-World countries. This issue is evaluated by analysing how retail prices, preferences and market power influence coffee demand in Sweden. A demand function is estimated for the period 1968–2002 and used, together with information on import prices of coffee beans, to simulate an oligopoly model. This approach gives estimates of the maximum average degree of market power and shows how coffee demand would react to reductions in marginal cost to its minimum level. The maximum level of market power is found to be low, but it generates large spreads between consumer and bean prices because the price elasticity has low absolute values. Moreover, the impact of a price decrease would be small because long-run coffee demand is dominated by changes in the population structure in combination with different preferences across age groups. Hence, a change to perfect competition would only have a negligible effect on bean imports.     

组织间关系形成的内在动因:基于帕累托改进的视角

组织间关系的形成不仅为成员企业带来利润,更是一种社会福利的帕累托改进。从经济学理论研究的视角看,组织间关系的形成是为了弥补当今不完全市场缺陷的制度性工具,其本质可以视为单个组织通过组织间关系的形成获得帕累托边界外推所产生的超额租金,从而获得竞争优势,实现一般均衡和企业间交易的利益最大化。组织间关系的形成一方面通过实现完全竞争市场的假设条件而推动帕累托边界的静态变化,以弥补当前市场中的各种市场失衡问题;另一方面通过实现资源重新配置产生正外部效应的同时,改变了专业化分工水平和市场结构,实现帕累托边界动态外推的演化过程,由此解决市场失灵和市场结构不完全的问题。本文试图从经济学的视角通过引入帕累托作为分析工具,构建一个组织间关系形成动因的解释框架,以期从本质上解决企业组织理论对组织间关系形成动因分析范式的不足。     

基于资本治理理论的企业所有权安排--股东至上理论与利益相关者理论的逻辑统一

企业所有权安排有两种不同的理论流派：“股东至上”理论和利益相关者理论。公司中的利益相关者应分为资本所有者和其他利益相关者两类,只有资本所有者才是企业所有权的主体。因此,两大理论并不是绝对对立和冲突的,在企业所有权安排上,都统一于“资本”这个概念,都是基于资本治理理论下的企业所有权安排问题。物质资本和人力资本所有者在企业所有权中的最优配置份额,取决于各个资本的谈判力。物质资本和人力资本都应纳入“企业治理”范畴,不能强调一方而忽视另一方,并根据资本作用的不同．对不同企业实施分类治理,合理地安排企业所有权,以实现资本所有者利益最大化。     

Impact of modern agricultural technologies on smallholder welfare: Evidence from Tanzania and Ethiopia

This paper evaluates the potential impact of adoption of improved legume technologies on rural household welfare measured by consumption expenditure in rural Ethiopia and Tanzania. The study utilizes cross-sectional farm household level data collected in 2008 from a randomly selected sample of 1313 households (700 in Ethiopia and 613 in Tanzania). The causal impact of technology adoption is estimated by utilizing endogenous switching regression. This helps us estimate the true welfare effect of technology adoption by controlling for the role of selection problem on production and adoption decisions. Our analysis reveals that adoption of improved agricultural technologies has a significant positive impact consumption expenditure (in per adult equivalent terms) in rural Ethiopia and Tanzania. This confirms the potential role of technology adoption in improving rural household welfare as higher consumption expenditure from improved technologies translate into lower poverty, higher food security and greater ability to withstand risk. An analysis of the determinants of adoption highlighted inadequate local supply of seed, access to information and perception about the new cultivars as key constraints for technology adoption.     

Industries Behind Bars: An Economic Perspective on the Production of Goods and Services by U.S. Prison Industries

This note focuses on two key issues about production in U.S. prisons for sale to customers outside their walls: the relative labor productivity and wages of these prison industries compared with other U.S. industries; and the types of goods and services that these prison industries produce. The results are drawn, in part, from my own survey of state prison industry directors.     

The Impact of Size and Age on Firm-Level Performance: Some Evidence from India

Using contemporary data for an extensive sample of 1020 Indian firms, this paper investigates the impacts that size and age of firms have on firm-level productivity and profitability. In India older firms are found to be more productive and less profitable, whereas the larger firms are, conversely, found to be more profitable and less productive. These performance differences are explained as arising from the market-restricting industrial policies that have been followed in India over the past three decades.     

反倾销产业损害认定的理论与实证研究——基于COMPAS模型的分析

现有产业损害认定方法不能有效区分倾销因素与非倾销因素对相关产业影响。并易受人为主观因素干扰。为了克服这些缺陷.本文通过将倾销边际变量纳入近年来发展的COMPAS模型.从理论上揭示了进口倾销行为如何通过价格机制对我国进口竞争行业的产出、价格以及收益等指标产生影响,然后基于2001年我国铜版纸市场有关数据,应用修正的COMPAS模型就进口倾销对我国铜版纸行业的损害情况进行了实证模拟.模拟结果表明。仅在2001年,进口铜版纸倾销行为使国产铜版纸的价格大约下跌了10.3%,产出下降了23.3%,全行业收益减少了31.2%,行业就业人数减少了34.9%,行业设备利用率下降了12%。本研究不仅提供了一个科学评估与预测反倾销产业损害的方法,也为我国反倾销措施的制定提供了一个理论与现实依据。     

The Effects of Megamergers on Efficiency and Prices: Evidence from a Bank Profit Function

This paper examines the efficiency and price effects of mergers by applying a frontier profit function to data on bank megamergers. We find that merged banks experience a statistically significant 16 percentage point average increase in profit efficiency rank relative to other large banks. Most of the improvement is from increasing revenues, including a shift in outputs from securities to loans, a higher-valued product. Improvements were greatest for the banks with the lowest efficiencies prior to merging, who therefore had the greatest capacity for improvement. By comparison, the effects on profits from merger-related changes in prices were found to be very small.     

The Effect of Computer Use on Work Discretion and Work Intensity: Evidence from Europe

This article studies changes in computer use and work discretion and intensity in the EU-15 between 1995 and 2015. We document that while the proportion of workers using computers has increased from 40 per cent to more than 60 per cent, there remain significant differences between countries even within the same occupations. Several countries have seen a significant increase in computer use even in low-skilled occupations generally assumed to be less affected by technology. Overall, the great increase in computer use between 1995 and 2015 coincided with a period of modest deterioration of job quality in the EU-15 as a whole, as work discretion declined for most occupational and educational groups, while work intensity increased slightly for most of them. Our OLS results exploiting variation within country-occupation cells point to a sizeable positive effect of computer use on work discretion, but to no effect on work intensity. Our instrumental variable estimates point to an even more benign effect of computer use on job quality as measured by work discretion and work intensity. Hence, the results suggest that the (moderate) deterioration in the quality of work observed in the EU-15 between 1995 and 2015 has occurred despite the spread of computers, rather than because of them.