公共财政资源配置职能的实现机制

国内外有关公共财政职能的文献可谓汗牛充栋 ,而最为经典的是著名财政学家马斯格雷夫所作的分类。本文认同这种分类方法 ,但是得出这一分析结论的角度却有所不同。本文是从经济学的基本问题和经济学的基本分析方法入手阐述公共财政职能 ,并据此进一步分析公共财政资源配置职能的实现机制。     

房价、工资与资源配置效率——基于微观家庭数据的实证分析

本文基于中国房价不断提高这一现实背景,利用中国城镇住户微观数据,系统地研究房价对当地住户工资的影响、作用机制及其对地区资源配置效率的影响。研究发现:房价上涨会通过“生活成本效应”和“闲暇替代效应”显著提高当地居民的平均工资水平。同时,由于缺乏劳动生产率为支柱的工资上涨会恶化资源配置效率,本文进一步基于资本劳动比和要素扭曲的视角,考察房价对资源配置的影响及工资在其中的作用,结果发现房价引致的工资上涨确实导致了我国过度的资本深化和过快的产业升级,并降低了地区的资源配置效率。本文为房价影响工资和资源配置问题提供了来自微观家庭的经验证据。     

高校资源配置方法的优化研究

大学教育资源的优化配置是提升大学长久竞争力和实现可持续发展的重要保障。本研究利用高校教学资源配置的定量研究,结合单位化的概念．建立了新的高校教学资源配置的评价函数．并结合实际数据进行了检验,证明了评价函数的科学性。     

高等教育资源配置模式影响因素探析

高等教育资源采取何种模式配置,决定于高等教育资源使用属性、产权属性和高等教育资源的投入动机、调控目的等多方面因素的综合作用。但并非高等教育资源的任一属性都会对高等教育资源配置模式发生影响,高等教育资源的使用属性和产权属性会对高等教育资源配置模式发生影响。     

The Interpretation of Cash Flow Reports and the Other Allocation Problem

Allocations continue to be a cause of concern to accountants. Allocations may be distributional (i.e. allocation of resources through budgets) or metrical (e.g. overhead costs to departments). Cash flow accounting is often advocated because it avoids metrical allocations. However, the interaction effects of cash flows may nullify their claimed advantages.     

The Sustainable Growth Rate of Non–profit Organisations: The Effect of Efficiency, Profitability and Capital Structure

The activity growth of non–profit organisations is financially contrained by their efficiency, profitability and capital structure. In this paper, a very general expression relating these four organisational parameters is derived and its practical use is discussed.     

会计准则变革对企业资源配置效率的影响研究

资源配置效率是我国经济改革关注的焦点。基于会计准则变革的制度背景,利用2004~2013年 A 股非金融类上市公司数据,从微观视角研究会计准则变革前后企业资源配置效率的变化,并进一步从产权性质、所在地区域的视角深入剖析企业资源配置效率对会计准则变革的反应程度;从投资效率和融资效率两方面解释资源配置效率,结果表明：会计准则变革优化了企业资源配置效率,投资效率优于融资效率;会计准则变革后,国有企业的资源配置效率改善程度低于非国有企业;会计准则变革改善了区域资源配置效率,东部地区企业资源配置效率高于非东部地区。     

西江经济带建设与金融资源配置研究

西江是联接西南和华南的＂黄金水道＂,2012年8月,广西区政府正式批复实施《广西西江经济带发展总体规划》（以下简称《总体规划》）,确立了江海互动、推动整个西江流域经济的统筹协调发展的战略思路,＂西江经济带＂面临前所未有的重大发展机遇。金融资源是推动区域经济协调发展的一个重要工具和杠杆,本文通过西江经济带发展及金融资源配置现状分析,研究设计合理优化金融资源配置、促进＂西江经济带＂快速协调发展的对策措施。     

The Profitability of Moving Average Rules: Smaller Is Better in the Brazilian Stock Market

This study analyzes the effectiveness of using certain moving average rules in the most important emerging market of Latin America: Brazil. Using different MSCI indices, we find that the best performance is provided by the MSCI Brazil Small Cap Index, which tracks the small cap segment of the Brazilian stock market, as opposed to the MSCI Brazil Index which measures the performance of large and medium firms and has been the main reference for the Brazilian stock market in previous empirical evidence. Additionally, we report clear evidence of the existence of a size effect in the Brazilian stock market due to the superior performance of the index which tracks the smaller companies over those which track larger companies. These results restate the importance of in-depth knowledge of stock market patterns in order to develop correct trading strategies in each case.     

数字经济对中国劳动力资源配置效率的影响

选取省级面板数据,通过静态面板OLS和动态面板GMM方法检验数字经济对中国劳动力资源配置效率的影响。结果发现:数字经济的发展从总体上提高了中国劳动力资源配置效率,但是这一结果在区域间存在着显著差异。从东、中、西部地区划分来看,东部地区数字经济发展对于劳动力资源配置效率的影响最为显著;从南、北地区划分来看,则是北方地区更为显著。鉴此,我国应加快建设均等化数字基础设施,加强多样化数字设备科学应用,全方位提升劳动者数字技能。     

Stock Market Valuation, Profitability and R&D Spending of the Firm: The Effect of Technology Mergers and Acquisitions

Abstract:  In this paper, we investigate whether a firm can enhance the effect of its R&D spending on its current market value and future profitability through technology-oriented M&As. On the basis of an analysis of 1,879 M&As, we find that when a technology firm acquires another technology firm, the magnitude of the stock price response to the R&D spending of an acquirer increases by 107% in the year of the M&A. In contrast, we find no such increase in the stock price response to the R&D spending of a non-technology acquirer. We also find that technology acquirers are more successful in converting their R&D spending into positive future profitability than non-technology acquirers. Our results are robust for different alternative specifications of our model and when various firm differences are controlled for.     

政府支出规模与资源配置效率——基于中国工业企业数据的经验研究

运用 OP协方差法测算资源配置效率,基于中国工业企业数据和城市统计数据,考量地方政府支出规模与当地制造业行业内资源配置效率的关系.结果显示:政府支出规模越大的地区,资源配置效率越低,政府支出规模对资源配置效率的影响存在地区异质性.     

并购对企业R&D投资的挤出效应研究——基于并购前后资产负债率变动的视角

创新是企业内涵式的增长方式,并购是企业外延式的增长方式。在资源有限的情况下,企业如何在这两种战略之间进行权衡?本文以2007-2018年沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,发现如果并购引起企业资产负债率增加,则会对并购后的R&D投资形成"财务侵占",从而对研发产生负面影响;这种抑制作用在主并企业存在融资约束的情况下会更加显著;按企业特征划分,这种抑制作用主要存在于小企业和民营企业。研究结果为基于边界条件的并购如何影响企业创新绩效提供了实证证据,同时也为企业进行相关战略变更和投资决策提供了有益参考。     

Judgment and Decision Making in Project Continuation: A Study of Students as Surrogates for Experienced Managers

This work explores the efficacy of using students as surrogates for experienced managers in escalation studies. Participants were 222 managers with substantial project planning and evaluation experience and 146 undergraduate business students. Our results show that the experienced managers exhibited a strong tendency to continue projects, with this tendency being positively related to the degree of project completion. The managers also tended to invest a greater amount of additional resources in response to favourable rather than to unfavourable information, contingent on the degree of project completion. In contrast, the students' decisions showed little sensitivity to the contextual information, and they exhibited no association between the likelihood they would continue a project and how much funding they would allocate to the project. These results suggest that caution is needed in generalizing student-based escalation findings to real-world business settings.     

促进我国高等教育入学机会公平的财政政策研究——基于高等教育资源配置的角度

高等教育的入学机会不公平是高等教育不公平的重要表现.从资源配层面上,高等教育入学机会的不公平是由于国家建设的高校在区域间分配的不均、高等教育资金在校际间的分配不公平引起的.要解决高等教育资源配置的不均等,可采取加大对高等教育的财政投入、多渠道筹集融通资金、建立科学的转移支付制度等财政手段来优化高等教育的资源配王,促进高等教育入学机会的公平.     

投资偏向分析：基于全球银行股票投资的实证研究

本文研究了29个国家的银行在全球范围内的股票投资配置,发现存在很明显的投资偏向。研究中采用了7类变量共25个子变量对投资偏向进行解释,使用两种方法进行经验分析,第一种借鉴Kalok Chan,Vicentiu Coverig,Lilian Ng等人的方法将7类变量逐一与投资偏向回归,发现股票市场发展变量对国内投资偏向解释最显著,投资保护、全球化变量次之。而股票市场投资回报对外国投资偏向(该经济体对于外部投资者的吸引力)解释最显著,股票市场发展、资本控制、全球化等变量次之。另一种方法是笔者提出的因子回归分析法,将25个子变量进行因子分析,形成了反映一个国家经济水平与经济制度、全球化等7个突出的公共因子。将这7个公共因子与投资偏向回归,发现经济水平和经济制度因子以及股票市场因子对国内投资偏向具有明显的影响,而经济水平和经济制度因子、全球化因子以及熟悉程度因子对其外国投资偏向具有明显影响。     

Great Galway Goslings: Organizational Context of Managerial Accounting*

This case seeks to enhance student understanding of the relationship between accounting information and the order fulfllment and production activities of a manufacturing frm, Great Galway Goslings. Great Galway Goslings manufactures goose sculptures and has been suffering losses in recent years. Students draw on the skills they learned in financial accounting to analyze the company's order fulfllment activities, identify economic transactions, and prepare journal entries. The case provides a link to managerial accounting topics as students use segment financial statements to create contribution margin income statements, perform break‐even analyses, and recommend whether Great Galway Goslings should keep its retail business segment. Students will become familiar with the key features of business process management (BPM) and the extensive, real‐world activities that a manufacturing entity engages in to fll an order. Students will analyze the company's existing order fulfllment process and apply their knowledge of BPM to recommend process improvements for Great Galway. This case contributes to the accounting case literature by serving as a bridge from financial accounting to managerial accounting, intertwining many topics from managerial accounting into one cohesive case, and providing real‐world business process knowledge. Student feedback indicates that, overall, the case met its stated learning objectives. Great Galway Goslings is appropriate for an undergraduate introductory managerial accounting course but can be adapted to the equivalent graduate‐level course or an accounting information systems course.     

Regression Analysis: Instructional Resource for Cost/Managerial Accounting

Abstract

This paper describes a classroom-tested instructional resource, grounded in principles of active learning and a constructivism, that embraces two primary objectives: ‘demystify’ for accounting students technical material from statistics regarding ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression analysis – material that students may find obscure or overly abstract – and increase student knowledge regarding the use of Excel for cost-estimation purposes. The resource consists of a set of seven student-related files – PowerPoint slides, Word documents, and Excel files – divided into two major parts: four files that deal with simple (i.e., one-variable) linear regression and three files related to the incremental unit-time learning-curve model. A separate Word file, meant for instructors, provides detailed guidance regarding the use of the student-based files. The resource is flexible in that it can be used at both graduate and undergraduate courses in cost/management accounting; customized to meet the needs of individual instructors (coverage of the entire resource requires approximately seven hours of in-class time) and used in conjunction with any cost/management accounting textbook. Throughout the resource many references to related online supplemental materials are provided, including links to relevant online video clips.     

Bank Portfolio Allocation: The Impact of Capital Requirements, Regulatory Monitoring, and Economic Conditions

This paper develops a structural, dynamic model of a banking firm to analyze how banks adjust their loan portfolios over time. In the model, banks experience capital shocks, face uncertain future loan demand, and incur costs based on their proximity to regulatory minimum capital requirements and the intensity of regulatory monitoring. Implications of the model then are estimated using panel data on large U.S. commercial banks operating continuously between December 1989 and December 1997. The estimated model is used to simulate the optimal bank response to (1) past and proposed changes in capital requirements, (2) changes in regulatory monitoring intensity, and (3) economic downturns. The simulation results are used to shed light on the decline in loan growth and the rise in bank capital ratios witnessed over a decade ago as well as the possible impact of the current proposed modification to capital requirements.     

省域科技资源配置状况评价——以湖南省"两型社会"建设中的科技配置为例

通过借助SPSS统计软件,采用聚类分析、相关分析、因子分析等统计方法,以湖南为例,对省域地级市的科技资源配置状况进行分析评价,反映出我国省域科技支撑体系的构建离两型社会建设的要求存在一定的差距,在以城市为核心的一定省域空间范围内,科技资源配置综合状况存在明显的区际差异,区际科技资源优化共享与协调利用机制有待创新性改进;同时科技资源的区际差异性、多样性也反映出省域科技资源存在相当的开发潜力,按照两型社会建设的要求,选择、配置、利用好省域科技资源,提升整体科技实力是实现省域经济转型的必要途径。