PPP项目中合作目标互依对团队绩效的影响机制——探索性案例研究

目标互依对PPP项目团队合作维持、冲突防范和绩效改善具有重要作用,有必要利用探索性案例研究方法剖析PPP项目中合作目标互依对团队绩效的影响机制。研究表明：PPP项目中合作目标互依正向影响团队绩效,团队互动在二者的关系中发挥中介作用;团队沟通高的项目总体情况较团队沟通低的更接近合作目标互依与团队绩效关系的理论水平,团队冲突高的项目总体情况较团队冲突低的更接近合作目标互依与团队绩效关系的理论水平,凝聚力高的项目总体情况较凝聚力低的项目总体情况更接近合作目标互依与团队绩效关系的理论水平;在合同执行中,初始状态的合作目标会受到不同因素的扰动而发生互依性演化,个体绩效主导的目标互依演变会降低团队绩效。     

激活团队内部的良性冲突

冲突是个人和个人之间、个人和团体之间或团体和团体之间由于对同一事物持有不同的态度与处理方法而产生矛盾,并引起某种程度的争执。良性的团队冲突是提升团队绩效不可或缺的因素之一。一个没有任何冲突的团队,也就失去了创造性与生命力,绝对不是一支高绩效的团队。团队冲突过程中,坦率、热烈的沟通和观点各不相同的碰撞可以让大家开阔思路并避免群体思维,进而通过对不同意见的权衡斟酌,提高决策的质量。同时,团队成员在冲突沟通过程中充分交换信息, 清晰地认识任务目标以及实现路径。     

跨团队冲突与组织激励机制分析

团队是现代企业的重要组织形式,也是现代组织最基本的工作单元.因此,团队之间的合作与冲突对于团队绩效和组织目标的实现有着不可忽视的作用.过多的冲突会干扰其他与工作相关的活动,降低组织的生产率,对组织的竞争力起到破坏性的作用.本文通过建立静态比较模型,分析了影响组织中跨团队冲突的几种因素,并在此基础上分析了跨团队冲突产生的原因,提出了化解冲突、激励合作的可行建议.     

团队有效沟通的社会空间与绩效提升路径

文章将团队有效沟通置于扁平化的社会空间,通过对团队互动成员因素、平台因素以及环境因素的界定,指出复杂环境下团队有效沟通的行为难题。在此基础上围绕团队沟通绩效的提升,给出一些建设性观点以丰富组织运作的相关理论。     

重大工程高层管理团队冲突、行为整合与工程绩效研究

为揭示重大工程高管团队冲突对工程绩效的作用机理,构建了以重大工程高管团队冲突为自变量、行为整合为中介变量、工程绩效为因变量的中介模型,并通过215位高管问卷样本进行实证研究,实证结果表明重大工程高管团队任务冲突对工程绩效有显著的正向影响,关系冲突对工程绩效有显著的负向影响。合作行为和信息交换和在团队冲突和工程绩效之间存在显著的部分中介效应。     

创业团队的最佳结构模式

为什么成功的创业管理能将分歧和冲突转变为正面决策？团队创业的成功率并不比个人创业高，其主要原因不外乎两点：一是团队失败于决策分歧；二是团队困于利益冲突。有效的创业团队管理要解决决策分歧和利益冲突的问题，而这有赖于创业团队找到适合的结构模式。创业团队管理的特殊之处 创业团队的管理不同于工作团队的管理。对于大多数企业内的工作团队来说，如研发团队、销售团队和项目团队等，因为人员和岗位稳定性相对较高，人们习惯性地将重点放在过程管理上，注重通过建设沟通机制、决策机制、互动机制和激励机制等发挥集体智慧，实现优势互补，提升绩效。     

虚拟团队凝聚力对团队绩效影响的实证研究

在虚拟团队中,成员之间的凝聚力是保证团队高效运作的重要因素。同时,团队沟通具有调节团队凝聚力与团队绩效关系的作用。文章提出并实证检验了虚拟团队凝聚力对团队绩效的影响机制。验证了虚拟团队沟通在沟通和绩效之间的调节作用。文章在拓展现有理论的基础上,对组织中虚拟团队的管理提供借鉴作用。     

综述高层管理团队认知冲突与企业绩效的关系

高管团队队成员有着不同的价值观、教育背景,因而在决策过程中不可避免的要产生认知上的冲突,这种认知冲突对于组织绩效有着积极的作用,所以,处理好团队内的冲突对于提升企业的绩效显得尤为重要。以团队协作能力和决策质量为中介变量,建立了高管团队认知冲突与企业绩效的关系的研究假设,并对企业高管团队冲突的管理提出建议。     

通过增强凝聚力来提升项目团队的绩效

如何提升项目团队的绩效成为了企业界和理论界关注的重要话题，但在目前的团队理论研究中，作为影响圊队绩效的重要因素，团队凝聚力却常常为许多研究所忽略。因此，本文将围绕团队凝聚力进行较为系统、深入地分析。首先，本文将对凝聚力的涵义进行界定；其次，分析凝聚力是如何影响项目团队的绩效；再次，在前丈基础上，进一步探讨如何实现对项目团队凝聚力的评估；最后，在增强团队凝聚力方面提出建设性建议。     

创业团队异质性与团队互动、决策绩效的关系路径:一项多案例研究

在创业实践中,创业团队内部的构成、协作与管理是影响创业成败的重要因素,而创业团队成员个体间的差异则会显著影响创业团队的行为,并最终对创业活动的成败产生至关重要的影响.本文从团队理论和社会认同理论视角出发,采用多案例研究的方法,针对JG公司、ZM公司、WX公司等3家创业型企业展开了系统性的研究.通过对案例中获取的资料进行规范性编码,本研究对创业团队异质性、团队互动、团队决策绩效在创业情景下的结构维度进行了重新提炼与界定;进一步,本文得到了创业团队异质性与团队互动、决策绩效的三条重要关系路径:社会型异质性—团队沟通—决策质量,社会型异质性—团队协作—决策满意度,价值观类异质性—团队沟通—决策质量.在此基础上,本文为创业团队的组建与发展提出了建议.     

Relationships among project manager’s leadership style, team interaction and project performance in the Taiwanese server industry

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of the project manager’s leadership style with team interaction, and their impact on project performance. The second objective was to determine whether the effect of leadership style on project performance may be mediated by team interaction. To address the primary aims, a questionnaire-based survey was used to measure the project manager’s leadership style, team communication and collaboration, and overall performance of research and development (R&D) projects in the Taiwanese server industry. The analyses suggest that transformational leadership may be positively related to team communication and collaboration. Additionally, levels of team communication and collaboration are positively associated with projects’ levels of performance. The results also indicate that team communication and collaboration may serve as mediators between transformational leadership and project performance.     

施工项目经理部场效应的研究

通过对施工项目的环境分析,提出了“项目经理部场效应”的概念和考核评价模型,认为如果把项目经理部所能直接影响的范围：内部、近外层、远外层,以及社会上尤其是同行业中潜在的竞争对手和潜在的投资方,定义为“场”。其效应在工程合同签定并对项目经理的选拔任命后即存在,贯穿于整个施工项目的全过程。以此强化项目经理部文化建设,构筑诚信、高绩效的项目经理部。     

The role of technology in the project manager performance model

Technology assumes importance in the context of project management due to greater challenges in today's technology‐enabled work environment, where technology tools are routinely used for collaboration, communication, and deployment of project management practices. It is becoming common practice for even co‐located project teams to use the electronic medium for these purposes. Notwithstanding the importance of technology, research has shown that it is difficult to associate the use of technology with business performance and the absence of such relation can be extrapolated to project performance as well. However, technology can play a major role in supporting project managers in managing projects effectively and efficiently. Several studies have addressed the importance and leadership style of project managers. However, specific roles and responsibilities of a project manager toward the project team is an area that needs further study. In this research effort, using the literature review, important people‐related factors of project performance are identified. Then structured personal interviews were used to gather data for understanding relations among these factors in order to develop a project manager performance model. The model was developed employing the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) methodology. The model was used to determine the role of the project manager in managing the project team and improving the project performance. Results show that both leadership and management roles are important. This study helped to analyze underlying interactions among these factors and, consequently, understand the supportive function of technology to the project manager in improving project performance.     

如何建构与运作高效能VE团队

在众多执行VE研析的经验中发现,建立一个高效能VE团队是价值工程(VE)能够成功的关键。文中介绍了台湾的中兴工程顾问股份有限公司在多次执行VE研析后,对于高效能VE团队建立及运作的经验。首先,在领队的选择方面,除了具备相当资格且多次带领VE团队的经验外,还需具备六大能力——领导能力、沟通能力、组织能力、激励能力、决策能力及综合能力。在组员的选择上,可以采用筛选法或选定评估法,除了组员的资格条件需满足外,最好能有积极创新、善于沟通、善于团队合作及高度的信心等多项人格特质。另外,若组员平日即为长期相互合作的团队,将可以大幅减少团队组成震荡期的时间,提升VE团队的效能。以台北捷运松山线168设计标的之VE研析团队为例,说明高效能VE团队成立的过程、运作当中可能遭遇的障碍和最后达到的成果,相关之经验以期能作为后续VE研析之参考。     

Project success and project team management: Evidence from capital projects in the process industries

Efficient project execution is a key business objective in many domains and particularly so for capital projects in the process industries, but existing project management research gives little direction about how project team factors influence three important capital project outcomes: cost, schedule, and operability. After an extensive cross-disciplinary review of the general team and project management literatures, we constructed and tested a theoretically based, five-dimensional model of organizational context, project team design, project team leadership, project team processes, and project outcome factors. We examined the model by means of an empirical study of 56 newly completed capital projects executed by 15 Fortune 500 companies in the process industries. The results indicate the value of disaggregating project outcomes for research purposes. Different bundles of project team factors were found to drive project cost, schedule, and operability. Project team efficacy, cross-functional project teams, autonomous project team structure, and virtual office usage were the strongest predictors of project cost effectiveness. Continuity of project leadership, cross-functional project teams, and project manager incentives were the strongest predictors of project construction schedule. In contrast, clear project goals and an office design to facilitate effective communication were the main predictors of plant operability. Implications of these findings for researchers and project practitioners are discussed. One major practical implication of our findings is that project managers need to clearly focus and prioritize their goals for each project so they can adopt the appropriate bundles of project team practices that will facilitate their goal achievement.     

工程招标投标概算的控制措施研究

随着我国市场经济的逐步发展,加入WTO已成为现实,各个领域与国际惯例接轨是不可避免的,在未来的经济发展中,市场因素是决定因素,国际惯例是促进经济发展的有效工具。在工程招标、投标的过程中,只有通过公开、公正、公平的工程招标投标,选择技术设备力量过硬、履约能力强、标价合理的专业队伍中标,提高工程质量,才能降低设计、施工、监理等各环节、方面的费用。     

Managing Task Interdependencies in Multi-Team Projects: A Longitudinal Study

abstract    In this article we examine project-level and team-level managerial functions aimed at managing inter-team task interdependencies and investigate their effect on the performance of teams in a multi-team product development project. We hypothesize that team interface management (a team-level function) performed in the concept phase of a project, rather than the later development phase, is positively related to team performance at the project's conclusion (i.e. product quality, product cost, development budget, development time). Furthermore, we argue that project structuring and support (a project-level function) is important in both the concept and the development phases. We test our hypotheses empirically based on a 36 months longitudinal study of a product development project in the European automotive industry comprising 39 teams. The results show that team interface management is particularly important during the concept phase of the project. Project structuring and support is most important in the development phase of the project, while hindering team performance in the concept phase. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

An exploratory study of gender in project management: Interrelationships with role,location, technology,and project cost

This study explores whether gender differences in project managers are related to gender differences in their team members. Gender differences are explored in the context of project managers' and team members' location to one another, the project team's use of technology, and the cost and size of the project teams. Using log‐linear analysis of 563 project team members' responses, several significant findings are reported—including the likelihood of same‐gender project manager and team member dyads as well as gender differences in project contextual factors. Implications for organizational and project management researchers and decision makers conclude the article.     

How Project Manager–Project Owner Interaction Can Work Within and Influence Project Risk Management

Inherent interest conflicts between a project management team and project owner are often neglected in project risk management. Risk management by the project management team basically focuses on project short‐term survival, or project success toward handover to the customer, while for the project owner, strategic success should be more important. To see how this takes place in and influences real projects, seven large projects were studied, and interaction in project risk management between the project owners and project management team was examined for each project. The study revealed that the main focus in the studied projects was on operational risks, even within the project owner's set of high‐priority risks.