影响竹纤维针织物耐磨性的因素分析

通过实验研究了7种不同混纺比的纬平针组织竹纤维针织物的耐磨性。应用马丁代尔实验方法和实验仪对这些针织物的磨损转数进行了测定。通过对实验数据的统计分析,发现7种织物的耐磨性(磨损转数)存在显著性差异和竹纤维针织物各种基本结构参数对耐磨性都有显著性影响。相关性分析显示,纱线细度(tex)和面密度与织物的磨损转数之间存在着重要的、显著的正相关关系,织物是否含有氨纶和横密与织物的磨损转数之间存在显著的负相关关系,而织物中的竹纤维含量、织物纵密和织物厚度与织物磨损转数之间不存在相关关系。     

A DEA estimation of a lower bound for firms’ allocative efficiency without information on price data

In this paper, we estimate a lower bound for the sum of firms’ allocative efficiencies in the absence of information on prices. For this purpose, we only estimate technical efficiency at both the firm and the industry level using a directional distance function and choosing a relevant direction. Our result relies on the decomposition of overall inefficiency into technical and allocative inefficiency at both the firm and the industry level. The convexity of a technology induces a transfer from both total technical inefficiency and part of allocative inefficiency at the firm level to technical inefficiency solely at the industry level. The remaining firms’ allocative inefficiency could be counted at the industry level. Hence, the difference between technical inefficiencies at both levels can be interpreted as a lower bound for the sum of allocative inefficiency in the industry. We show how to implement this bound in a DEA framework.     

Commercial Real Estate Returns: An Anatomy of Smoothing in Asset and Index Returns

In this article, we investigate the commonly used autoregressive filter method of adjusting appraisal‐based real estate returns to correct for the perceived biases induced in the appraisal process. Many articles have been written on appraisal smoothing but remarkably few have considered the relationship between smoothing at the individual property level and the amount of persistence in the aggregate appraisal‐based index. To investigate this issue we analyze a large sample of appraisal data at the individual property level from the Investment Property Databank. We find that commonly used unsmoothing estimates at the index level overstate the extent of smoothing that takes place at the individual property level. There is also strong support for an ARFIMA representation of appraisal returns at the index level and an ARMA model at the individual property level.     

机用锯条端头双孔冲模设计

介绍了机用锯条的加工工艺、锯条端头以及双孔模具的结构及设计要点,该模具结构简单合理,能在1台压力机上同时完成端头以及双孔加工,效率较高。该模具左右2个冲模之间的距离可调,可以加工双孔中心距为300~600mm的多规格锯条。     

Strategy in emerging economies and the theory of the firm

Indigenous emerging economy (EE) firms are increasingly competing in global markets or against multinational corporations (MNCs) in their home markets. But their institutional context at the national and local levels often suffers from what has been termed “institutional weakness” which is believed to put them at a competitive disadvantage on the global playing field. Yet little is known about how EE institutional weakness at the national level translates into competitive disadvantage at the firm level. In this perspectives paper, we examine this shortcoming in the literature. We utilize three popular theories of the firm—neoclassical economics, the resource-based view, and the nexus of contracts view—to examine how EE institutional weakness at the national level affects strategic choices at the firm level. We then explain how these strategic choices affect firm boundaries, internal organization, and the nature of competitive advantage for firms in EEs.     

Unpaid Work at Home

A substantial number of people take work home without a formal payment arrangement. Using the Work Schedules and Work at Home Supplement to the May 2001 Current Population Survey, this paper investigates the determinants of unpaid work at home. Education, lack of overtime rates, being a team leader, efficiency wages, and larger earnings inequality in an occupation are positively related to the prevalence of unpaid work at home. Unpaid work at home appears to be a form of investment made in expectation of a return in the long run.     

A Review of: “THE STAGES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH” A Non-Communist Manifesto By W. W. Rostow Cambridge University Press,New York, 1960 179 pp. Cloth ed. $3.75; paper ed. $1.45

History records that political economy received at least perfunctory attention in what were then engineering schools, over one hundred and thirty years ago. In 1827, Valentine B. Horton, who was later to become a Whig congressman and to make and lose a fortune, became “a professor of Moral Philosophy and Political Economy” at the American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy, the forerunner of Norwich University.¹ During the 1840s and ′50s, many engineering schools included a few lectures in moral philosophy and political economy in their programs. More formal and more enthusiastic promotion of economics on engineering campuses was evident under the aegis of Francis Amasa Walker, a noted economist and statistician, who, after service at the Sheffield School at Yale, became president of Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the early l88Os. Under his guidance, and that of Davis R. Dewey, who became an assistant professor of Economics and Statistics at M.I.T. in 1888, economics began to flourish on at least one engineering campus.     

滩海陆岸进海路及平台的质量控制

结合在垦东12区块进海路及海油陆采平台工程的质量检验，阐述了滩海陆岸设施建造施工检验阶段各质量要点。指出．滩海陆岸设施主体工程的质量控制归根到底是原材料和施工工序的质量控制。     

The persistence of abnormal returns at industry and firm levels: Evidence from Spain

We apply structural equation models to longitudinal data on profits of firms within industries to study the persistence of abnormal returns. We obtain a two‐way variance decomposition for abnormal returns: at firm vs. industry levels, and at permanent vs. transitory components. This decomposition enables us to assess the relative importance of the fundamental components of abnormal returns discussed in the literature. The method is applied to a panel of 5,000 Spanish firms observed over the period 1995–2000. We conclude that: (a) there are significant and permanent differences between profit rates at both industry and firm levels; (b) variation of abnormal returns at firm level is greater than at industry level; and (c) firm and industry levels do not differ significantly regarding rates of convergence of abnormal returns. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new departure for the ITU: An inside view of the Kyoto Plenipotentiary Conference

This report, written immediately after the Kyoto conference, is an insider's assessment from three perspectives: first, a summary of the main achievements of the conference in organizational and policy terms; second, a more detailed look at the main output — the strategic plan — and at the most important policy decisions related to it; and third, the lessons that might usefully be applied at future ITU conferences and criteria that will probably have to be met in order to implement the decisions taken at Kyoto.     

我国煤炭企业跨国并购风险防范对策

依据分段识别法将我国煤炭企业跨国并购中的风险分为并购准备阶段的风险、并购实施阶段的风险、并购整合阶段的风险,并提出防范这些风险的具体对策。     

The Determinants of Participatory Management

This paper analyses self-reported participatory management data from a survey of over 900 private-sector employees in Australia and New Zealand. We test for causal linkages between employee desires for participation, while distinguishing between participation at the shop-floor and at higher managerial levels. At higher levels, where there is a significant excess demand for participation, firms often respond to employee desires with formal programmes which in turn create de facto participation at this level. At the shop-floor level, employee desires are more often met through the informal provision of de facto participation. Participation also changes employee desires, with participation at higher levels increasing employee demands for it and participation at lower levels reducing demands for high-level participation. We conclude that shop-floor programmes may favour managerial interests while higher-level co-operative programmes may favour employee interests.     

会计评估与税务策划在境外EPC项目中的应用

为控制国际工程总承包（EPC）项目的风险,根据国内、国外的法规制度差异,企业应在项目的会计核算体系、成本控制、税务策划方面,在项目的不同阶段采取有效的措施,以顺利实现效益目标。在市场开拓阶段,应根据目标市场的政治、法律、经济环境,规划未来境外可能的项目实体的运行方式;在投标报价阶段,策划合同方案和税务方案;在项目实施阶段,确定会计核算体系和方法。对于成本控制,应根据项目全面造价管理的数据,制定全面成本管理预算并实施项目预算控制;分阶段、按实施内容对成本控制计划的执行情况进行分析、评估和考核;建立成本管理平台,抓住项目实施全过程的成本控制关键点,动态控制成本费用;分析和控制财务风险,避免不确定成本的支出。在项目涉税事项上,应遵循＂依据法规制度,做好事先规划,合理规避税务风险＂的原则,着重考虑纳税主体与方式、合同、采购方案、工程分包方案、会计核算方法、收入与成本确认时间与依据等,进行税务策划。     

输变电工程设计阶段造价控制的问题及对策

基于输变电工程设计和管理工作的实践,论述了输变电工程设计阶段造价控制存在的一些问题,如基础设计保守,包括勘测设计费、前期工程费在内的工程其他费计费标准执行中存在不足,管理工作中存在加大可研阶段投资估算的倾向等。结合电网项目工程实际,从技术、管理、体制等方面分析提出了控制造价的相关措施,认为立足于技术、管理、体制三位一体,应在设计阶段建立“方案合理、投资可控、造价节省”的工程造价控制体系。     

Internet use and job search

Regression analysis augmented with propensity score methods is used to estimate the effect of Internet use on job search. The formal distinction between the unemployed and the discouraged is exploited, where both desire employment but the latter has ceased active job search. Results indicate broadband use at home or at public locations reduces the probability that the unemployed cease job search by over 50% relative to unemployed persons who do not use the Internet at all. The results suggest that even public connections (e.g., at libraries) in unserved and underserved areas may produce substantial social benefits.     

The Evolution of Knowledge Objects at the Primary School: A Study of the Material Concept as it is Taught in France

Institutional relations to knowledge objects at the primary school are time-fluctuant and therefore closely linked to the development of institutions. Building up the concept of material implies several sciences and technologies in overlapping epistemological fields. The questions of transposition and appropriation associated to the concept at primary school are a true challenge for the technology educator. This article shows the different connections between the French education and concept formation about materials at the primary school.     

柔性聚酯纤维网铺顶工艺在厚松散层特厚煤层综放工作面中的应用

为探索安全、快速、高效的综放工作面末采回撤技术,华电煤业不连沟煤矿针对性的引用柔性聚酯纤维网,在厚松散层特厚煤层综放工作面末采收尾时使用,通过现场使用并与原铺设金属网铺顶工艺进行对比、分析、总结,逐渐掌握了适用于本矿地质特点的柔性聚酯纤维网末采铺顶工艺技术,为类似开采条件下,综放工作面的安全、高效末采回撤提供了新途径,具有推广应用价值。     

石油管产品驻厂监造中的认识误区

针对石油管产品生产厂家、产品用户以及监造人员自身对驻厂监造业务的认识误区，阐述了石油管驻厂监造的定位、意义、目的、依据、程序等内容，并对驻厂监造与设备监理的关系、项目相关各方的关系．以及设备监理与政府监督的关系进行了论述。指出，驻厂监造是控制石油管质量的一种有效措施，只有在社会各方对其正确认识并认可的前提下．才能充分发挥这一新生业务在石油管重点工程项目中的重要作用。     

石油管产品驻厂监造的管理问题与对策探讨

针对目前西气东输管道建设和跨国管线建设的驻厂监造,在对石油管产品驻厂监造模式分析的基础上．探讨了石油管产品驻厂监造过程中需求方、制造方和监造方三方在合作中各自面临的管理问题,并提出相应的对策。指出,石油管产品驻厂监造作为全方位的质量保证模式,在推动石油管产品质量提高、促进相关生产企业技术进步、降低石油管产品的使用风险等方面发挥着不可替代的作用。     

A Budgeting Method Using Quality Function Deployment

One of the problems in budgetary planning is the lack of structure of the process. It is very hard to assess the impact of elementary decisions in the whole solution. Usually, people involved at political levels define the policies or strategies, but the implementation of such a policy or strategy is done at lower levels. Paradoxically, the budgetary requirements done by the experts suffer cuts at the political level without a clear understanding of the consequences. This paper introduces a method based on QFD to assess the impact of decisions made at the different levels, and presents a framework to support the incremental development of a budget that reduces the communication difficulties.