自由现金流量在投资决策当中的作用

通过对自由现金流量的定义和特点的分析,阐述自由现金流量在投资决策当中相对于一些老的评价指标所显现出来的巨大的优势作用。     

资本自由流动与控制理论评析

在经济全球化空前发展的时代，资本流动是国际经济一体化的一个突出的表现。各国在获得资本资源方面的竞争，也因资本在全球范围内的自由流动而变得空前尖锐。一些经济转轨国家为把资本控制在国内，实行资本控制的政策。一些研究经济转轨问题的西方经济学家认为，如果一国的资本市场     

人民币自由兑换的外汇储备要求

本文认为一国外汇储备的规模应以足够防止汇率冲击为适度标准。在这一前提下，本文以西方近年来主流国际金融理论－国际收支调节的货币理论为基础，对影响中国经济主体外汇需求的诸因素进行了分析；并通过与亚洲金融危机国家和地区的国际比较，提出了衡量我国外汇储备适度性的指标和安全界限值，发现与绝大多数国内学者完全不同的结论：我国外汇储备严重不足，且在可以预见的将来也很难提高到适度的水平。从这一结论出发，本文提出了     

关于自由现金流量的探讨

随着财务评价指标体系的日臻完善,利润及经营现金流量指标不能满足财务评价的需要。文章引入自由现金流量这一更为科学的概念,进而对自由现金流量进行深入分析,通过与利润、经营现金流量的比较,充分揭示自由现金流量指标的科学性。     

资本主义最能促进自由吗？

本文尝试分析及批评放任自由主义的“自由论旨”,即声称自由是社会的最高价值,以及“小政府大市场”的资本主义制度乃最有效促进自由的观点。作者指出,无论从效益主义或私有产权的立场,都不能支持自由论旨。更重要的是,私有产权的概念本身便涵蕴了自由和不自由两面,而市场竞争导致的经济不平等,其实会大大限制穷人的自由。作者最后指出,无论是透过对自由和自由的条件的区分,还是采用“权利式的自由观”,均难以为资本主义保障了平等的经济自由的说法作出辩护。     

马克思的自由观研究及其当代启示

自由一直是人类生存和发展过程中的价值追求之一,千百年来很多思想家也对自由不断研究而阐发出自己对自由的见解和总结.因此在今天,我们要以马克思的自由观为指导,正确把握中国特色社会主义自由观的理论内涵和当代启示.     

自由现金流量的优缺点及其应用

自由现金流量是目前理论界比较流行的新概念,本文主要阐述自由现金流量的内涵及相对传统指标的优势,从而论证了自由现金流量概念得到广泛应用的原因。     

"自由与必然"对高校思想政治教育的启示

恩格斯在<反杜林论>中,对于自由与必然的辨证关系进行了深刻的分析.其明确指出:自由是对必然的认识和客观世界的改造,自由是以认识客观规律和必然性为前提的,自由不是一种理念的玄思,而是实践产物.这些观点对于当前高校思想政治教育具有深刻的借鉴意义.     

我们更自由了吗？

如果问今天的国人，改革开放20多年以来社会最大的变化是什么?我想不少人会回答：生活水平提高了，人们更自由了。     

经济自由与工业企业成长

转型国家市场化水平的提高能够促进工业企业成长吗？针对这一问题，本文分析了经济自由促进工业企业成长的机理，基于2000—2009年中国11742家工业企业的数据，刻画了工业企业成长的基本事实，检验了经济自由与工业企业成长之间的关系。研究表明，按所有制、行业和地区分组的检验结果差异显著，经济自由对整体的工业企业成长有微弱的正向作用，但对外资企业和小型企业成长有较强的正向作用，即经济自由对于特定类别工业企业的解释力显著增强。同时，本文对经济自由进行了分解，研究了分项指标的作用差异和时间效应，除产品市场的发育、市场中介组织和法律制度环境外，其余指标都对工业企业成长有正向作用，并且经济自由对工业企业成长的影响具有时间效应。     

ECONOMIC FREEDOM VERSUS POLITICAL FREEDOM: CROSS‐COUNTRY INFLUENCES ON CORRUPTION*

Using a well‐known index of corruption, this paper examines the determinants of corruption for a large sample of countries. Specifically, the present study brings empirical evidence to bear on the question of whether economic freedom or political freedom serves as a deterrent to corrupt activity. In particular, does greater economic freedom or greater political freedom yield a more ‘clean’ society? Our results show that greater economic freedom seems to matter more in this regard. Examining different components of economic freedom, we find that not all these components are equally effective in reducing corruption. For instance, monetary policy seems to have a stronger influence on the level of corrupt activity in a country than fiscal policy. Robustness of these findings is checked and policy implications are discussed.     

发展就是扩展自由——阿马蒂亚·森和他的《以自由看待发展》

“重建经济学的伦理层面”的阿马蒂亚·森 (Amartya Sen)被称做“经济学的良心”.他认为,自由是发展的首要目的,自由也是促进发展的不可缺少的重要手段。经济发展就其本质而言,是自由的扩展和增长。     

SEN ON FREEDOM AND GENDER JUSTICE

Abstract

This comment on the special double issue of Feminist Economics on Amartya Sen's work discusses a number of themes and evaluates certain criticisms and claims in the volume. Sen's work involves a complex differentiation of distinct aspects of freedom. This differentiation is relevant to a number of criticisms. It is particularly helpful in evaluating various claims about Sen's focus on and the adequacy of his account of freedom. The article also considers claims about Sen's neglect of issues relating to interdependence and agency. To the degree that it is argued that some of these claims and criticisms can be addressed within Sen's conceptual framework, this article constitutes a qualified defense of his work. However, it does not claim that Sen's framework addresses all the criticisms that are leveled at it in the volume. Possible themes for future research are also briefly discussed.     

ECONOMIC FREEDOM AND STATE BOND RATINGS

Are state bond ratings, ceteris paribus, related to economic freedom? We test for the relationship between economic freedom and an aggregate index comprised of ratings by Standard & Poor, Moody's, and Fitch. We also test for a relationship between economic freedom and the ratings by these three agencies individually. With a sample covering all 50 states for the period 1995–2008, the evidence strongly indicates that state bond ratings are positively and significantly related to overall economic freedom as well as three sub‐categories of economic freedom. Our results show that the quantitative impact of economic freedom on bond ratings is comparable to the effect of state real income and the unemployment rate. (JEL E43, H71)     

SLAVERY,FREEDOM, AND SEN

Amartya Sen's Development as Freedom argues that the ability to make choices is fundamental to economic development, and that the evaluation of outcomes can provide misleading answers. He uses the example of the high material consumption of US slaves relative to some free whites to illustrate this contrast. This paper discusses some of the implications of such comparisons and the problem of evaluating what might be regarded as favorable outcomes which come from unfavorable institutions (e.g., slavery). It appears that all good things do not necessarily go together. The past relation of enslavement to the need for subsistence is discussed. Differences in gender roles under slavery and after emancipation are also examined.     

AID, ECONOMIC FREEDOM, AND GROWTH

Foreign aid has often been intended by donors to entice recipient nations into policy and institutional reforms favorable to private sector economic development. In this study, we investigate the relationship between aid and changes to economic freedom in recipient nations over the 1990–2000 decade. The evidence is mixed. In general, we find that foreign aid has no significant effect on economic freedom overall. However, using a hedonic approach on the different categories of economic freedom, we find that aid has still managed to contribute toward a policy and institutional environment favorable to growth, as the different categories of economic freedom improved by aid more than offset those which are harmed by aid, in terms of their impact on growth . ( JEL 010, 019)     

THE DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC FREEDOM: A SURVEY

A large literature has found positive associations between economic freedom and income, growth, and a variety of other desirable outcomes. This paper surveys the literature that seeks to explain the causes of economic freedom. Some of the most consistent findings in this literature are that current levels of economic freedom are strongly correlated with past levels; freer countries have more difficulty continuing to improve their economic freedom; democracy and political freedom are positively associated with economic freedom; and inequality is negatively related. (JEL E02, E14, O17, O43, P1)     

VOTER PREFERENCES,INSTITUTIONS, AND ECONOMIC FREEDOM

The enormous impact that economic freedom can have on economic outcomes makes an understanding of the factors or forces affecting its level paramount. To what extent do citizen preferences regarding the role of government in the economy drive the level of or changes in economic freedom? We explore this question using a new index of voting in the U.S. Congress constructed consistent with the Fraser Institute indices of economic freedom. We use voting on national legislation to examine state‐level economic freedom to clearly separate the measurement of preferences from policies that at least partly reflect these preferences. We find that Congressional votes, both from the House and Senate, are related to increases in state economic freedom, and that the result is generally statistically and economically significant, and robust to inclusion of a variety of socioeconomic control variables. (JEL D72, H10, H50)     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC FREEDOM AND ECONOMIC DYNAMISM

We analyze the consequences of economic freedom on economic dynamism across U.S. states and over time. Using data from the Economic Freedom of North America index, we show that states with greater economic freedom have higher rates of gross and net job creation and establishment entry. The results are robust to the inclusion of many different control variables and alternative specifications, suggesting a connection between freedom and dynamism. This evidence supports theories in which government policies may impede business dynamism. (JEL 043, P16, R5)