中国石油企业对非洲投资的区位选择分析

非洲的石油储量巨大，被称为“第二个海湾地区”。近年来，非洲石油工业发展迅速，成为全球石油勘探活动最活跃的一个新区。中国与非洲国家的石油合作已有近十年历史，因此研究我国石油企业在非洲投资的区位选择有重大的现实意义。本文分析了影响我国石油企业投资非洲区位选择的主要因素，并对非洲主要产油国的区位环境进行评估，在此基本上提出优化石油企业投资非洲的相关建议。     

石油的诅咒:石油经济与内战爆发的原因——基于利比亚内战的分析

自20世纪90年代起内战频发,多数集中于中东及非洲等自然资源密集地区,这对国家和社会造成了巨大的损失和伤害。相关研究表明,自然资源密集地区的经济是内战爆发的主要诱因,而独特的经济形态——石油经济作为主要分析对象,通过个案利比亚战争分析石油经济对内战的影响。     

非洲石油大国：利比亚

利比亚,地处非洲北大门,与欧洲隔地中海相望。尽管94％的国土是沙漠和半沙漠,但地下却蕴藏着丰富的石油、天然气。作为非洲第三大石油生产国,石油出口给利比亚带来了巨大财富,利比亚也因此成为非洲国家中的首富。     

中非石油贸易新发展模式探究

中国与非洲国家在石油领域已展开合作多年,双方取得了许多丰硕的成果,随着非洲石油资源开发的蓬勃发展,中非合作面临诸多问题,如非洲石油分布整体呈现出北多南少、西多东少的特点,石油贸易国分布不均匀;部分非洲地区仍发生动乱和战争,和平安全存在隐患;易开采油田即将面临枯竭,石油的开采成本逐渐上升;中非石油运输方式单一,路途遥远且风险极高等。为确保中非石油贸易顺畅发展,本文探索了创新的中非石油合作模式,如与非洲高产石油的欠发达国家建立合作,并与目前石油贸易合作国家加深关系;援助非洲境内建造铁路拓展石油运输业务;积极开拓非洲人才本土化提高当地居民需求;提供石油开采资金与设备支持;建立新型合作保障机制来提高对石油贸易安全的防护。     

石油套管集装箱运输的实务分析

由于石油套管是石油开采所需必备的物资资源之一,为了确保石油开采的顺利实施,我国企业需要及时依据贸易合同向非洲国家出口大量的石油套管,其运输方式主要是海上运输(仅以尼日利亚进口套管为例).     

委内瑞拉经济衰落原因初探

石油是委内瑞拉经济的命脉,是委内瑞拉国内经济的重要支撑。伴随着全球石油价格的下跌,以石油为经济支柱的委内瑞拉受到了巨大的冲击,巨大的通货膨胀、债务链不断、极端贫困等问题使委内瑞拉经济不堪一击。更加值得注意的是,石油下跌这一全球性现象对委内瑞拉的威胁尤其严重,然而,委内瑞拉并没有像其他石油国一样,通过提高产量来弥补国家的财政预算。在此情况下,委内瑞拉经济衰落的原因值得深入探究。本文基于《BP世界能源统计年鉴》2016年6月公布的数据,通过比较和分析委内瑞拉石油出口数据和其他石油国的战略方针和重点,旨在对委内瑞拉经济衰落的原因有更进一步的认识。     

石油金融化及我国石油经济安全的对策研究

随着国际石油经济形势的不断变化,导致我国石油经济安全存在隐患,为了提升我国石油经济安全性,必须对传统石油经济"平衡安全"理论进行分析,尤其是其局限性和表现形式,并提出现代石油的安全发展观,然后结合石油化金融化,采用市场化手段降低国家石油市场价格波动风险。同时,制定石油互换和多元风险采购两个石油安全战略,进而提升我国石油交易市场的稳定性,最终促进石油行业发展使得我国经济的不断增长。     

与尼日利亚商人谨慎相处

靠石油脱贫的国家 尼日利亚是非洲最大的石油生产国和世界第6大石油出口国,也是石油输出国组织（欧佩克）成员国之一。尼原为农业国,七十年代起成为非洲最大的产油国,农业日渐萎缩。1992年被国际货币基金组织列为低收入国家。1998年由于国际市场油价下跌和国内炼油厂停产,经济增速减慢。1999年奥巴桑乔上台后,积极推行自由化和私有化改革,实施紧缩的货币政策,严格限制举借新债,大力扶持农业,加强石油、天然气、矿业等产业的发展和基础设施建设,积极争取外资、外援和债务减免。由于国际市场油价持续上扬这一有利的外部因素,尼经济形势趋于好转。为改变本国经济对石油工业的过多依赖,尼政府已实施天然气开发战略,大力开发国内丰富的天然气资源,以达到推动经济发展和增加政府收入的目的。     

建立石油储备体系．维护我国的石油安全

随着我国经济的快速发展，我国对能口依存度逐年增加。国际上油价的巨幅波动对我国的而建立石油储备能有效平抑油价上涨给我国经济带来储备的数量也极其有限，因此，必须尽快建立起我国源的需求不断加大。国内石油产量只减不增，供需缺口拉大。石油的进经济造成了深远的负面影响，因此我国的国家石油安全问题日益突出。的剧烈波动，降低进口成本。我国目前还没有建立石油战略储备．商业的石油储备体系。     

石油贸易、石油安全与我国的对策

石油对我国经济和国家安全至关重要。自从1993年我国成为石油净进口国以来,我国石油对外依存度逐年上升。自2003年后,国际石油价格爆涨,我国石油安全比以往任何时候都更危险。同时,我国石油贸易还存在越贵越买的问题。本文分析了我国石油安全形势,认为我国石油安全已经处于危险状态,在此基础上,进一步提出了提高我国石油安全和改善石油贸易的建议。     

Vertical integration by oil-exporting countries

Intereconomics - Most oil-producing countries have now nationalised their oil reserves and are pursuing their own pricing and marketing policies; in recent years some of them have attempted to...     

The gravity model,African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) and US trade relations with sub-Saharan Africa

The United States of America enacted the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) in 2000 to grant sub-Saharan African countries (SSA) a preferential treatment in their exports to the USA. With this Act, most of the exports from SSA can now enter the USA duty-free, and this is expected to boost the exporting and manufacturing sectors in SSA. Hopefully, this singular act of assistance from the USA will spur entrepreneurship in SSA, thereby creating jobs and jump starting meaningful economic growth in the region. Since trade is a major catalyst in economic development, AGOA is arguably the most meaningful intervention from a developed country to an under-developed region such as SSA in recent times. Has AGOA had any impact on US trade with SSA? This paper sheds some light on this issue by examining the flow and composition of trade between the USA and AGOA countries. The analysis uses trade data (US imports) for 36 countries over 12 years. Empirical estimations based on the gravity model show that receiving AGOA status has a strong positive and significant impact on overall trade with the US. Interestingly, however, the analysis also shows a disproportionate impact of crude oil imports from the oil-producing countries of Angola, Gabon, and Nigeria, which is clearly not the intent of the Act.     

我国石油贸易中溢价问题的成因与对策

近年来愈演愈烈的石油贸易中的"亚洲溢价"问题严重损害了亚洲石油进口国的利益。随着我国石油需求的增加和进口量的增长,从中东进口原油量也逐年增加,"亚洲溢价"对我国的影响也越来越大。作为全球第二大石油消费国,我国应该充分重视这一问题,并结合自身石油贸易r具体情况找出症结所在,采取相应措施予以解决。     

Economic and political risks of world oil markets

The present easing on the world oil market could foster the illusion that energy problems are now resolved. During 1981 various oil-producing countries (OPEC and non-OPEC alike) found they had to cut their prices. OPEC production has had to be reduced by about one-third from the 1979 level of 31 mbd¹. Last September’s OPEC output of 20 mbd was the lowest monthly figure for 12 years and has by year-end 1981 recovered to just 22 mbd. “The OPEC is no longer able to dictate prices; there is more oil than the market can take.” These are typical recent comments, but they reflect too short-term and superficial a view. The real issue is the question whether energy supplies are secure in thelong term, too, and whether energy itself presents a danger for general economic and political developments.     

经济增长对石油需求及石油价格影响的计量分析

通过两阶段回归模型对石油价格的分析及模拟,定量分析了中国经济增长对石油价格的影响。结果显示,如果中国保持8%的经济增长,世界石油价格到2010年将升高1.70%-2.30%。到2030年世界石油价格将升高7.94%-10.48%。从长远来看,对世界石油价格确有一定影响。从石油使用效率来看,中国比美国低44.28%,假如中国提高到美国的石油使用效率水平,全世界就可节约成本160亿美元。面对未来国际能源发展的新形势和世界石油价格波动冲击,需要世界各国共同努力。重视石油科技的研究与开发利用,提高能源使用效率。     

疑似燃料油快速鉴别方法研究

为了维护我国进口燃料油市场秩序,解决进口燃料油真伪性鉴别问题,本文通过简单试验方法,详细叙述了进口燃料油真伪性快速、准确鉴别过程。该方法简单可行、结果准确可靠,可为海关、检验检疫把关服务提供技术支持和法律依据。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定脂肪酸组成鉴别地沟油的方法研究

建立了分析油脂样品中37种脂肪酸含量的气相色谱-质谱检测方法,通过对100多种植物油和20多种地沟油的37种脂肪酸含量的分析,总结出了根据37种脂肪酸含量鉴别地沟油的判定依据。低碳数饱和脂肪酸是地沟油与植物油差异较大的组分,但是应用气相色谱方法测定时无法对其进行准确的定性定量,从而无法根据低碳数饱和脂肪酸的组成进行是否地沟油判定。应用气相色谱-质谱方法,提高了方法的灵敏度,完善了根据脂肪酸组成判定地沟油的依据。应用该判定依据,对卫生部两次盲样进行判定,阳性准确率分别为100%和95%,阴性准确率分别为100%和90%,表明该判定依据是一种有效且准确率较高的鉴别地沟油的方法。     

The first wave of the Soviet oil offensive: The Anglo-American Alliance and the flow of ‘Red Oil’ to Finland during the 1950s

During the 1950s, many observers regarded the expansion of Soviet oil exports as a serious threat to Western political and economic interests. Finland was the first non-communist European country that started to buy Soviet oil on a large scale. This made the country vulnerable to Soviet political pressure. An examination of the Finnish case indicates that Anglo-American governments adopted a much more complex attitude towards the emergence of the Soviet Union as an exporter of oil than the Cold War rhetoric would suggest. The US and British governments were not automatically willing to support their oil companies or to try to block Soviet oil exports. Instead of seeing Soviet oil exports to Finland simply as a threat to Western interests, the Foreign Office and the State Department considered the precise implications that Finnish purchases of Soviet oil would have on Western strategic interests on a case-by-case basis. Many other government departments were more interested in promoting their own departmental interests.     

核磁共振技术在地沟油鉴别中的应用研究

采用布鲁克核磁仪（600兆）做H谱全扫,根据H谱的化学位移和积分面积进行归纳总结,建立了不同种类植物油和不同来源地沟油中H谱变化的规律。本方法一共开发出12个指标对植物油和地沟油进行鉴别,同时引进统计分析方法,在对植物油和地沟油的样本数据库聚类分析基础上,对考核盲样进行判别分析。采用该方法对卫生部两次考核盲样进行判别分析,准确率可达到90%,表明核磁共振方法是一种有效的地沟油鉴别方法。     

Asymmetric effects of oil price changes on the balance of trade: Evidence from selected African countries

The main new contribution of this study was to delve into the asymmetric impacts of changes in oil prices on the trade balance in the framework of six major African economies. To tackle this topic carefully, we employ three measures of external balances—oil, non‐oil and total trade balances, and assess the asymmetric response of the external balances of those six economies to oil price changes in the short and long run. Like most previous studies, we first assume the impacts of oil price fluctuations to be symmetric and employ the linear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method to explore the topic. We then separate oil price hikes from oil price plunges and implement the non‐linear ARDL method to reveal that the price of crude oil has a vital role to play in the trade balances for those six African economies. Further, there is evidence of significant asymmetric impacts of oil prices typically on the oil trade balance of Africa's top oil producing countries. For the non‐oil and total trade balances, in contrast, there is little evidence of the asymmetry of oil price changes.