关于儿童房空气净化器的界面设计研究

随着人们生活水平的提高,人们对生活质量的要求也越来越高,对于影响自身健康的环境问题也越发关注。空气污染问题一直都是当今世界关注的焦点问题之一,其对人体健康产生的影响以及给人们造成的损失是巨大的。空气污染不仅指的是外部公共活动环境下的空气污染,还包括室内空气污染;人一天平均有80％的时间是在室内度过的。在日常生活中有很大一部分人是必须在室内工作生活的,其中尤以老人和儿童在室内活动时间长。空气净化器的引入使用,使得室内空气污染问题获得了较大的改善,但是市场上的空气净化器良莠不齐,且较少有针对特殊性用户群体所做的设计,在界面设计上对目标用户的群体特征考虑得较少,这使得产品缺乏易用性和识别性,用户操作学习成本较大。本研究着眼于儿童房,主要考虑儿童在界面操作过程中的问题,并根据这些问题,提出具有重要现实意义的设计原则和方法。     

驱逐SARS，呼吸清新空气

它使空气变得浑浊，让我们刻骨铭心。它使我们众城成城，让民族凝聚精神。它使条例紧急出台，让政府洗涤思维。它使生命蒙受凌辱，让人类省思自然。     

燃烧加热污染空气对超燃冲压发动机性能影响研究

针对燃烧加热地面试验设备存在的工质污染问题,采用数值模拟方法研究了燃烧加热污染空气对氢燃料超燃冲压发动机性能的影响。以飞行马赫数Ma=6.5,当量油气比ER=0.6为计算基准状态,分别对纯净空气和污染空气来流下氢燃料超燃冲压发动机的整机流场和性能进行了对比计算分析。燃烧化学反应模拟采用了改进的H₂/O₂七组分八方程模型,湍流模型为标准的 k-ε模型,并采用直连式燃烧室试验数据进行了数值方法的验证。研究结果表明:(1)相对于纯净空气来流,污染空气来流下的超燃冲压发动机推力和比冲均有所下降。(2)采用酒精燃烧加热器的前提下,来流参数匹配静温、静压、马赫数时,发动机性能与纯净空气来流下的结果最为接近,而匹配总温、总压、马赫数时相差最大。(3)来流参数匹配总焓、静压、马赫数的前提下,采用氢燃烧加热器时发动机性能与纯净空气来流下的结果最为接近,而采用甲烷燃烧加热器时相差最大。      

环境监测中重金属污染的控制对策分析

当前环境监测中重金属污染问题较为严重,论文主要对常见的重金属污染问题进行分析,并探讨重金属污染带来的危害, 从而提出几点污染控制对策,希望能够有助于我国环境监测重金属污染防治工作的顺利开展。     

农村生活污染治理现状与支付意愿研究

我国农村生活污染治理起步晚、效率低、治理体系滞后,急需农村生活污染治理方面的研究。文章调研了我国东中西部地区40个行政村,描述了农村生活污染的现状,分析了农村生活污染治理低效的原因,研究了农村居民治理污染的支付意愿,并提出了农村生活污染治理的政策建议。     

发展农村循环经济有效解决农村面源污染问题

面源污染研究是继点源污染之后兴起的一个国际环境问题研究的活跃领域。由于我国农村管理制度和管理体制存在某些缺陷,农村出现边缘化的趋势,面污染严重。利用发展农村循环经济这一模式治理农村面污染,是解决这一问题的根本出路。     

自由贸易及跨界污染背景下的国际环境政策协调

文章构建了一个考虑跨界污染损害的福利函数,推导出自由贸易背景下某国的最优污染税,并与世界福利最大化时的最优污染税进行比较,以说明国家间环境政策协调的必要性。文章考虑了四种情况,分析结果表明,只有在该国为小国且污染不跨界时不需要国际协调;当该国为大国或者污染跨界时,单个国家的独立行为通常不会产生合意的世界福利水平,此时需要国际协调以实现世界福利最大化。大国的污染政策具有贸易条件效应,因而出口国有设定过高污染税的激励,而进口国则会设定过低的污染税,双方都寻求转变贸易条件以有利于本方。而污染跨界时单个国家通常会有"搭便车"的激励,此时会实施较为宽松的环境政策。     

区域性开放性政策与企业污染排放——来自中国开发区设立的证据

以开发区设立为准自然实验,基于1998—2007年中国工业企业和污染排放数据库,考察区域性开放性政策对企业污染排放的影响。实证研究发现,开发区设立显著降低了企业污染排放强度,且该结论在经过平行趋势检验、安慰剂检验以及其他稳健性检验后仍然成立。作用机制检验结果表明,前端控制和末端处理是开发区设立促进企业污染排放强度下降的主要原因。其中,企业内前端控制主要源自重污染能源使用减少、清洁能源使用增加以及技术创新水平提高,企业内末端处理主要是由于开发区设立增强了企业污染处理能力、提高了企业污染处理率、增加了企业的污染处理量。异质性分析显示,对于高生产率企业或行业研发密集度较高的企业,开发区设立降低企业污染排放强度的效果更明显。     

谁来为更清新的空气埋单?

"在内地,PM2.5已经被列入监测内容,可是香港环境局现在还没有对该指标进行监测。内地实施的厂网分离令政府对电价有控制权,不像香港因为中电和港灯的企业垄断导致政府无力施为,让其以降低污染物排放为借口哄抬电价……"听着这位香港     

动植物产品中三聚氰胺的无意污染与对策建议

论述了动植物产品中三聚氰胺的无意污染及其产生原因、污染途径和危害性,认为其比蓄意污染,更加复杂,更加隐蔽,监测难度更大。指出在继续重点防范三聚氰胺蓄意污染的同时,也应关注动植物产品中三聚氰胺的无意污染,并建议一应充分认识到动植物产品中三聚氰胺无意污染的复杂性和危害性,并将其与蓄意污染区分开来,二要加强对出口食用动物注册/备案养殖场和出口蔬菜种植基地使用兽药、农药和饲料添加剂的监管,三要加强对三聚氰胺及其相关物质的毒理学、药代动力学和发病机理等的研究,四应客观、理性、科学地认识三聚氰胺,加强宣传引导工作,维护社会稳定。     

我国空气污染治理投资特征的空间计量分析

我国近年来空气污染的问题越来越严重,为了改善空气质量,对空气污染治理进行投资是必不可少的。影响空气污染治理投资的因素很多,但是空间因素却没有得到相应的重视。为此,以省级空气污染治理的空间相关性论述为重点,首先对省级空气污染治理进行Moran I指数分析,然后建立空间计量模型,得出中国空气污染治理投资具有空间相关性和空间聚集性,中央政府环境保护投入不足、地方政府财政分权度提高有利于空气污染治理等结论,提出我国应该从区域联防联控、提高地方政府财政自由度、切实加大地方政府环境管制力度等方面入手进行空气污染治理。     

浅论室内空气污染对人体健康的影响

本文主要分析了我国室内空气污染的现状,室内空气污染物的来源及其对人体健康的危害,并从多方面提出一些改善室内空气质量、防治室内空气污染的方法与对策.阐述了室内空气污染的定义、种类、来源、国内外研究现状.提出了严格我国室内空气质量标准的建议.     

Chinese Consumers’ Perceptions of Functional Foods: A Netnography Study of Foods that Help the Immune System Recover from Air Pollution

In China, persistent and severe episodes of poor air quality have raised the population’s awareness of the deleterious impact that air pollution can have on their health and lead many people to explore physical means to limit their exposure to air pollution and therapies to help their immune system cope with this stress. Using a netnographic approach we explored Chinese consumers’ understandings of the impacts on their health caused by air pollution, and the key attributes (expected benefits, forms, and patterns of consumption) they expect of functional foods designed to help them recover from the pollution-driven impact. Relevant Chinese consumers’ discussions were selected from two Community Question Answering websites, “Zhihu” and “Baidu Knows”. The impact of pollution on the respiratory system was considered to be of the most concern and homemade TCM therapies and diet adjustment were the main forms of remedies discussed online. Results from this study will support the commercial success of functional food products designed to help Chinese consumers recover from the impact of air pollution on their health.     

Hoping grey goes green: air pollution’s impact on consumer automobile choices

This paper examines to what extent, if any, natural environmental factors affect consumer purchase decisions regarding “green” products. We collect and combine several unique datasets to study the impact of air pollution on consumers’ choices of passenger vehicles in China. Exploiting cross-city variation, we find that air pollution levels negatively affect the sales of fuel-inefficient cars on average. This relationship, though, is U-shaped over the observed air pollution levels, in that fuel-inefficient car purchases rise with air pollution beyond some threshold. Furthermore, a city’s income level is a significant factor in this non-monotonic relationship, in the sense that consumers of higher-income cities are less likely to suffer this reversal. All these results are consistent with the literature’s theoretical predictions of hope. The rich findings of our study yield important implications to both marketers and policy makers.     

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF TRADE IN INDIA

Abstract

This article aims at contributing to environment trade debate by evaluating the impacts of international trade on emissions of carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides for the Indian economy during 90s using Input-Output techniques. The article has constructed an index of pollution terms of trade. Using the Input-Output table of 1991–92 and 1996–97 for India we have computed pollution terms of trade for the content of CO₂, SO₂, and NO _x . Results show that the indices are below 100, indicating that India produces goods that are more environment friendly than goods it imports, thus challenging the pollution haven hypothesis for India. The article has also offered explanations for these results.     

中国式财政分权会增加环境污染吗

经济分权和政治集权并存以及中央政府引导地方政府之间"GDP竞赛"的过度竞争是中国式财政分权的核心内涵,本文在此背景下分析环境污染的原因。先从理论上提出假说,然后利用1999-2008年省级面板数据进行实证检验,最后得出结论:中国式财政分权确实增加了外溢性公共物品(如废水)以及覆盖全国的纯污染公共物品(如二氧化硫)的污染排放强度,但并没有增加地方污染公共物品(如固体废弃物)的污染排放强度;由于排污费收取的人为因素较大,排污费政策对污染物排放的抑制效应不明显;财政分权体制下地方政府有选择地放松了一些上缴税收高的工业企业的二氧化硫以及固体废物排放的监管,这样便呈现出污染物在不断增加,排污费的收入也在不断增加的局面。     

Does air pollution influence investor trading behavior? Evidence from China

Building on the research linking environmental factors to investor mood, we posit that there is a negative relation between air pollution and individual trading strategies. Through an analysis of unique individual transaction data, our results show that air pollution negatively influences individual investors' propensity to buy and positively influences investors' propensity to sell. We find obvious heterogeneity effects across different investor, stock and city characteristics. The effects are even larger for investors with less investment experience and for those living in heavily polluted cities. This study is crucial for establishing an association between air pollution and individual trading activities.     

The impact of reduced visibility caused by air pollution on construal level

Although ample research has recognized air pollution as a severe threat to human health and emotion, little research has been conducted on its impact on consumers' information‐processing style. This study explores the effect of reduced visibility caused by air pollution on the construal level adopted by consumers. Specifically, we document how low visibility caused by air pollution makes people more inclined to adopt an abstract mindset, whereas high visibility on a clean day makes people more inclined to adopt a concrete mindset. Across a set of three field studies and one laboratory experiment, we employ alternate measures of construal level: behavioral identification index (Studies 1 and 4) and categorization task (Study 2). Our research provides empirical evidence of the proposed effect and rules out alternative explanations. Additionally, as a downstream consequence, reduced visibility due to air pollution causes individuals to favor desirability over feasibility in product trade‐offs (Study 3). Our findings shed new light on construal level theory from an ecological perspective and provide meaningful marketing suggestions.     

我国钛白粉工业的现状与发展

介绍了世界钛白生产的现状,重点对国内硫酸法和氯化法钛白的发展过程、生产现状、生产能力、进出口状况、项目扩改及新建情况进行了介绍,通过对目前国内钛白装置存在的问题的分析,对中国钛白行业今后的发展进行了展望.