Measuring Labour Market Flexibility in the OECD Countries

This paper investigates the adjustment of employment to population shocks in 22 OECD countries over the period 1960–1997. Most of the countries have experienced significant population shocks during that period – due to migration and other reasons. We estimate the speed of adjustment parameter which is used as a measure of the functioning of the labour market. If the OECD countries are compared using this measure, it turns out that the Anglo Saxon countries clearly outperform the other (European) countries in terms of labour market adjustment. In the case of the Nordic countries, the results presented are the most extreme. In practically all OECD countries, the functioning of the labour market seems to have deteriorated over time. These observations seem to be helpful in explaining the behaviour of unemployment rates in the OECD area.     

Riding the Bubble: Financial Market Crises in Twenty-Two OECD Countries

In the past decade, financial markets have been hit twice by crisis, followed each time by recession (i.e., Enron and the subprime mortgage crisis). I present three theories to explain the dynamics of share prices: rational expectations, behavioral finance, and an institution-oriented theory. Institutional investors are the dominant actors on financial markets. They hold the majority of the share capital in big companies. They tend to drive financial markets to a higher level of risk (volatility). The greater the percentage of the share capital held by institutional investors in a company, the higher the volatility (variance) of the share price. The results of my multilevel analysis confirm this hypothesis (a sample of 1,369 firms in twenty-two OECD countries). There are also significant differences among the OECD countries. Whereas both financial market crises originated in the United States, the country did not have the highest level of volatility in the period from 2000 to 2013.     

Flexibility at the Margin and Labor Market Volatility in OECD Countries*

We study the business‐cycle behavior of segmented labor markets with flexibility at the margin (e.g., just affecting fixed‐term contracts). We present a matching model with temporary and permanent jobs (i) where there is a gap in the firing costs associated with these types of jobs and (ii) where there are restrictions in the creation and duration of fixed‐term contracts. We show that a labor market with ``flexibility at the margin'' increases the unemployment volatility with respect to one that is fully regulated. This analysis yields new insights into the interpretation of the recent volatility changes witnessed in the OECD area.     

论环境成本内部化约束下出口商品竞争力的提高

环境成本内部化在短期内对企业出口竞争力具有负面影响,但是环境成本内部化可以成为企业转变竞争战略、改善管理和公众形象的契机,在长期内有利于其国际竞争力的提高。本文从企业角度提出了一些在环境成本内部化约束下如何提高出口竞争力的措施。     

国内产业结构与企业出口绩效间关系的实证研究

国内产业结构对企业出口绩效存在显著的影响。国内产业规模和企业在产业中的市场份额对出口绩效存在积极的影响;产业集中度对出口绩效存在负面影响。     

Export Competition between Landlocked and Coastal Countries: An Analysis of Strategic Export Policies

This paper analyzes economic rivalry between two firms using an international Cournot duopoly model, where a firm from a landlocked country (LC) and a firm from a coastal country (CC) compete in a third‐country market. It is assumed that the landlocked country firm adopts a transport‐cost reducing R&D subsidized by its government, while the CC government imposes a toll fee on the LC firm. The findings show since a change in the LC's transport‐cost reducing R&D subsidy has a positive effect on its export and a negative effect on the CC's export, both measures have effective strategic export policies.     

安徽、江苏两省出口产品竞争力实证分析

改革开放以来,中国的外贸经济得以快速发展,但地方外贸存在着极大的不平衡。通过应用偏离份额分析法,从出口产品增长的预期值、结构分量、竞争力分量三个角度对比分析安徽和江苏两省的出口产品竞争力,可以发现两省出口产品在结构、侧重点以及在发展模式上存在差异容。这也能从另一个侧面体现中国外贸经济的发展轨迹。     

Public Investment and Economic Performance in Highly Indebted Poor Countries: An Empirical Assessment

Understanding how public investment affects economic performance in highly indebted low‐income countries is crucial in order to implement effective fiscal policies for adjustment with growth. In this paper we provide an empirical analysis to investigate the relationship between public investment, private investment and output. A dynamic econometric procedure is implemented on a selected group of Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs). Our results provide empirical support for the crowding‐in hypothesis and a positive relation between public investment and output.     

人民币实际汇率与进出口国别结构实证分析

笔者运用中国和美元区、日元区、欧元区(以德国为例)、韩元区、东盟区(以新加坡为代表)等五大货币区1981年～2003年的年度数据,通过Panel Date 分析人民币实际双边汇率变化对中国进出口国别结构的影响,并就1994年前后人民币实际双边汇率对进出口国别结构的影响进行了结构性诊断检验,研究结果表明:1994年前,人民币实际汇率变化与日本、美国在华进口流向指标存在着较高的正相关关系,与德国、新加坡在华进口流各指标存在着较强的负相关关系;1994年后,人民币实际汇率变化与德国、新加坡在华进口流量指标存在着较强的正相关关系.与美国、日本、韩国在华进口流量指标存在着较强的正相关关系.     

Export Performance of China: A Constant Market Share Analysis

In the light of the fact that there has been substantial growth in China's exports in last three decades, particularly after China joined the WTO in 2001, this article investigates the major sources of China's export performance during 2002-2014 by using the constant market share (CMS) model. In this study, exports are further decomposed in three categories based on their technological intensity using Lail (2000) classification on 3 digit SITC Revision-3 data provided by UN Comtrade via WITS database. The categories are high technology, medium technology and low technology. It is found that growth of China's exports has, moreover, remained above world exports growth in all three categories during the period of study. The analysis reveals that export performance is mainly attributed to 让s competitive strength in the global market, though decreasing trend has been observed in the competitiveness of all three categories. Increasing cost of labor and appreciating RMB could be the causes behind decreasing competitiveness of Chinese exports. Product structure effect, on an average, has turned out to be negative in all the categories which is the most disturbing aspect of China's export performance. On the other hand, geographical structure effect has positive impact on export performance of high-technology based exports whereas it has negative impact on export performance of low-technology and medium-technology based exports. China being the world's largest exporter, decreasing competitiveness and wrong product structure effect could adversely influence its export performance in particular and its growth in general.     

A Kuznets Curve in Environmental Efficiency: An Application on OECD Countries

The role of the environment is an important issue in policy making andthe accurate assessment of the environmental conditions is vital. Inthis paper, using nonparametric techniques, an environmental efficiencyindex is developed for each of the OECD countries. These indexes allowone both to do cross section comparisons on the state of each country'sproduction process in its treatment of undesirable outputs and also totrace each country's modification of their production processesovertime. Furthermore in this study we investigate the factorsunderlying societies' environmental concerns that eventually lead tochanges in the environmental efficiency. The results provide furtherempirical evidence for the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis.     

基于矩阵法的我国银行间市场风险传递效应实证研究

笔者基于2011年上市银行数据,运用矩阵法对我国银行间市场风险的传递效应进行模拟研究,并考虑到非银行金融机构在银行同业交易中的比重不断上升,将非银行金融机构交易数据纳入模型进行重新测算。结果表明我国银行间市场上系统性风险发生的可能性增大,表现为风险传染源银行数量的增加和风险传递范围的扩大。     

金融发展对出口贸易规模与结构的影响

金融发展对一国专业化分工模式的选择及其对外贸易的开展具有深远的影响。利用中国大陆省级面板数据(2001—2005),本文基于一阶差分GMM估计技术检验了金融发展对对外出口规模及其出口商品结构的影响。在控制了人均实际资本存量、人均受教育年限等众多因素后,本文发现,金融发展规模与金融发展效率对对外出口规模及其制成品在出口总额中的份额皆有显著的正向影响,而金融发展效率对对外出口结构的影响较对对外出口规模的影响更加明显。     

价格竞争还是质量竞争--中国出口产品竞争力的实证研究

中国出口产品普遍被认为“价廉质次”,然而这并不能充分解释中国出口贸易长期增长的实质。对中国2001年加入WTO以来出口产品竞争力的实证研究表明：一方面,中国出口产品的相对单位价格呈现持续下降的趋势,这说明低价竞争是中国出口产品的一个主要特征;另一方面,中国出口产品质量在逐年上升,其中高技术出口产品的质量竞争力较为明显,这说明中国出口产品并未陷入低质量产品的陷阱。在新时期进一步深化对外贸易转型中,把握中国出口产品竞争力特征对我国对外贸易政策制定有重要意义。     

An Index of Economic Well–Being for Selected OECD Countries

Per capita gross domestic product (GDP) is a poor indicator of economic well–being. It measures effective consumption poorly (ignoring the value of leisure and of longer life spans) and it also ignores the value of accumulation for the benefit of future generations. Since incomes are uncertain and unequally distributed, the average also does not indicate the likelihood that any particular individual will share in prosperity or the degree of anxiety and insecurity with which individuals contemplate their futures. We argue that a better index of economic well–being should consider: current effective per capita consumption flows; net societal accumulation of stocks of productive resources; income distribution; and economic security. The paper develops such an index of economic well–being for the U.S., U.K., Canada, Australia, Norway and Sweden for the period 1980 to 1999. It compares trends in economic well–being to trends in GDP per person. In every case, growth in economic well–being was less than growth in GDP per capita, although to different degrees in different countries.     

我国沪市土木工程建筑企业竞争力评价与实证研究

通过对建筑企业竞争力进行定义,建立了建筑企业的竞争力评价指标体系。在对比分析已有权重确定和评价方法的基础上,提出采用PCA-LINMAP来确定指标权重,并用TOPSIS进行排序的综合评价方法。最后结合相应评价指标体系和PCA-LINMAP、TOPSIS综合评价方法,对沪市37家土木工程建筑企业进行了实证分析,找出了影响建筑企业竞争力的关键指标,对各种类型建筑企业竞争力进行了分级,并为中小型建筑企业增强竞争力提出了建议。     

中国证券公司市场结构与绩效的实证分析

笔者利用2006年～2009年的面板数据,对传统的SCP假说、相对市场力量假说和效率结构假说进行了检验。研究发现,我国证券市场支持传统的SCP假说:市场集中度与证券公司绩效显著正相关,市场份额、效率与证券公司绩效之间的关系不显著,并且,效率与市场份额不相关。     

发展中国家贸易结构相似对贸易绩效影响的实证研究

发展中国家出口结构的相似导致同类产品供给增加,会恶化外贸发展绩效.基于42个贸易条件恶化的发展中国家1995年～2008年的面板协整检验表明.发展中国家贸易结构相似恶化价格贸易条件.降低收入贸易条件.因此,为改善贸易绩效.需要调整外贸发展战略、降低出口结构的相似度,避免过度竞争.     

战略人力资源管理、企业文化与绩效:理论及实证检验

企业战略人力资源管理的执行过程长期以来被视为神秘的“黑匣子”,为了解战略人力资源管理影响组织绩效的原因,有必要打开该黑匣。本文探讨企业文化在战略人力资源管理与组织绩效之关系中的中介效应。以我国110家企业为样本的实证分析表明：发展型企业文化的中介效应在战略人力资源管理影响组织绩效的关系中得到充分体现,而等级型企业文化却不能对公司绩效产生显著的影响。