Why a new International Development Organisation is needed

The present arrangements for providing developing countries, and in particular the least developed countries, with international finance are inadequate in both quantitative and qualitative terms. Fundamental changes seem necessary. These changes might incorporate the establishment of a new International Development Organisation (IDO). Such an organisation could be financed in a way which does not conflict with the current consensus on international monetary reform.     

中国农民负担沉重之根源

农业、农村和农民问题是关系到我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设全局的重大问题.然而,由于各种原因的存在,自建国以来中国的农民负担一直十分沉重,农村和城市的同质劳动力收入相差很大,近年来农民收入增长速度持续下滑.根源何在?解决的入手点何在?这一切不能不引起我们的深思.     

Why the Protestors are AgainstCorporate Globalization

It is generally believed by governing political parties, economists, business people and other believers in global market doctrine that those who oppose "free trade agreements" are misled, uninformed and "do not really know what they are protesting against". At the same time, the opponents of these transnational trade-and-investment restructurings have diverse concerns ranging from loss of democratic sovereignty, labour rights and environmental protection of majority-world oppression, the growth of poverty and inequality, and global cultural homogenization. The following analysis integrates the growing multitude of critical attacks on these extra-parliamentary agreements into a systematic anatomy of the latter's underlying structure whose regulating principles are not yet recognised or debated in business, political or economic circles.     

Why are establishments so heterogeneous?

Changes in the size of establishments — as opposed to the turnover of workers across a given set of jobs — account for a non-negligible component of gross workers flows. Based on a rich database of establishment-level employment records in western Germany, this paper analyses the magnitude and determinants of job turnover and its relation with labour turnover. Consistently with findings from other countries, it is shown that job turnover is mainly the byproduct of the dispersion of establishment-level outcomes within any industry rather than of job reallocation across different sectors. The role played by disturbances to consumer preferences over differentiated products is also assessed in an attempt to shed some light on the determinants of this tremendous heterogeneity of establishment-level employment changes within each industry.The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD. The author would like to thank Boyan Jovanovic and an anonymous referee for useful comments on an initial draft.     

网游生命周期有迹可循百度数据助力营销决策

国际金融危机逐渐波及实体经济。而网络游戏行业营收仍然保持了大幅增长．2008年我国网络游戏行业的销售收入达183．8亿元,比上年增长了76.6％.日前．百度数据研究中心近期发布的《2008百度风云榜网游行业报告》给了我们一些线索。     

重卡服务竞争已见端倪

据统计，今年以来，各地大货车肇事造成的死亡人数和经济损失，正在和重型卡车市场的迅速膨胀同比增长，大货车正在成为交通事故致死人数增幅最高的车种。其原因主要是重卡车主（尤其是占用户总数60%之多的个体车主）为了尽快赚钱赢利，大多疲劳驾驶或冒险超载，而国内多数公路在设计上还没有考虑到大吨位重型车的需求，也更导致了车辆的磨损加剧。     

陶瓷卫浴出口欧美须重视相关认证

对于陶瓷卫浴出口企业来说,现在的日子真是举步维艰。广东佛山某企业的外销员陈先生这样评价行业现状：“除了要忍受人民币汇率的不断升值和出口退税的波动之外,国外的各种技术壁垒也很让我们头疼。”     

Why are postwar cycles smoother? Impulses or propagation?

This paper asks whether the remarkable decrease in business-cycle variability after the end of World War II has been the result of a more stable structure (the propagation mechanism) or less volatile shocks (the impulses). Using data from the pre-World War I, interwar, and post-World War II periods, for the US, Australia, Italy, Sweden, and the UK, our evidence suggests that the reduced volatility is mostly the result of calmer shocks, and less the consequence of a more stable structure. In the US, for example, we calculate that milder shocks have been responsible for around 80% of the reduction in output variability between interwar and postwar periods, while a more stable structure is responsible for the remaining 20%.     

关于多边贸易谈判方式和谈判策略的初步分析

在国际贸易谈判中,各国因为利益关注和谈判力量不同而采取不同的谈判方式。多边和双边谈判各有特点,也都有不足。多边贸易体制中的双边磋商正是结合了两者的优点,在多边谈判中得以广泛应用。对于谈判策略,成员需根据自身的进攻和防守利益的情况采取相应的选择。     

Why the self-employed are happier: Evidence from 25 European countries

Using survey data from 25 European countries, we can show that in most of the countries the self-employed are more satisfied with their jobs than employees. This paper aims to discuss the reasons why this is the case. The results show that part of the differences in job satisfaction between employees and self-employed individuals are due to creativity and autonomy in self-employment. This suggests that our results are in line with procedural utility theory ( and ). In other words, especially self-employed individuals seem to derive utility from the way outcomes are achieved.     

Welfare effects on the United States of a significant multilateral tariff reduction

This paper summarizes an estimate of the impact of a 50 percent multilateral tariff reduction on U.S. trade, employment, capital utilization, and economic welfare. In addition to calculating conventional measures of consumer surplus and revenue effects, the paper quantifies the economic adjustment costs faced by labor and capital-owners who are displaced by trade liberalization. Account is taken of both direct and indirect effects through utilization of the 367- sector U.S. input-output table. Some of the more interesting and important welfare dislocation estimates are highlighted on an industry-by-industry basis. In the aggregate, the calculated gains from trade liberalization dwarf the measured adjustment costs by a ratio of almost 20 to 1.     

论原产地规则的应用和我国原产地规则的完善

在经济全球化背景下，原产地规则逐渐成为非关税贸易保护措施而被世界各国广泛运用。但是，由于我国长期以来对原产地规则认识不足，导致我国原产地规则的立法和实践严重滞后，影响了我国经济特别是对外贸易的发展。本试就现今各国原产地规则的运用作一阐述，并以此借鉴，对我国原产地规则的完善提出建议。     

Consumers’ store-level price knowledge: Why are some consumers more knowledgeable than others?

What consumers know or think they know about stores’ relative price levels is an important research area from both a societal as well as a retail perspective. This study investigates the determinants of objective as well as subjective store-price knowledge. Using structural equation modeling, the effects of price consciousness, income, education, and three forms of price-related experience on the two knowledge dimensions, as well as the relationship between objective and subjective knowledge, are tested. Whereas out-of-store price search had positive effects on both subjective and objective price knowledge, the two other types of experience, number of stores shopped, and length of residence in the market only affected objective price knowledge, indicating that the two knowledge dimensions are determined differently. Furthermore, price consciousness had a larger effect on subjective than on objective knowledge. Finally, subjective and objective store-price knowledge were not significantly related in this study.