世界石油供应格局演变及价格走势分析

世界石油资源地域分布极不平衡,受资源丰度、勘探进展及开发强度等因素影响,世界石油供应格局发生了深刻变化。目前世界石油供应多元化的格局不仅形成,而且正不断得到强化。在供应多元化的基础上,石油市场构成已从垄断性向竞争性转变,供求关系将在决定油价方面发挥积极作用,但投机行为仍将左右国际市场油价变动的步伐和幅度,一定范围内的油价波动将在所难免。     

宏观框架下的地价影响因素分析

研究目的:研究地价走势与各宏观经济指标及市场因素变动间的相关性,从而辅助科学制定宏观调控政策。研究方法:统计分析法、定性分析法。研究结果:地价变动与多数宏观经济指标呈显著相关,与土地供应量相关性较弱,甚至出现逆规律性。研究结论:中国地价变化与各宏观指标的相关性符合市场经济的一般性规律,体现了中国土地资源市场化配置改革的初步成效;在特定阶段,资本变动主导居住用地市场,土地供应调控作用的发挥需全方位考量、多因素配合;地价增长与人均收入变化协调性降低以及工业用地市场初显资本炒作等迹象值得关注。     

国际油价暴涨背后中国石油安全战略探析

石油作为一种重要的战略性基础能源,对一国国家经济安全产生重要影响。甚至使某些西方大国不惜动用武力来试图控制国外的石油资源。我国目前面临的状况是:国际油价高企,在强劲经济的拉动下我国石油需求持续增长,而国内原油产量增长缓慢,供求失衡不断扩大,对国际石油供应的担忧也日益严重。文章就国内目前高油价对经济的不利影响、石油供求现状、石油进口价格、风险等问题做了分析,并提出了大力开展石油期货贸易,建立石油储备体系,提高能源利用效率等项政策建议。     

价格支持亦或直接补贴:金砖国家农业政策改革趋向

新兴市场国家农业政策改革进程历来备受关注。利用经济合作与发展组织的生产者支持估计方法,分析金砖国家农业支持政策的结构特征可知,以市场价格支持为重心保护农业生产者、逐步加大直接补贴投入额度、注重强化农业知识创新和基础设施建设成为当前金砖国家农业政策调整的主要趋向。鉴于此,应稳步推进农产品价格支持向直接补贴转型;坚持科技兴农导向,提振农业可持续发展能力;制定差异化保护策略,提高农产品支持的针对性和有效性。     

国外地价与房价关系及其启示

研究目的:介绍美国、英国、瑞典、韩国、日本以及新加坡等国家地价与房价的关系.研究方法:比较分析法.研究结果:国外地价与房价的关系可分成4类:一是地价低房价也低的国家(瑞典),二是地价低房价不低的国家(美国),三是地价高房价不高的国家(新加坡与英国),四是地价高房价也高的国家(韩国与日本).研究结论:中国应根据人多地少的基本国情,借鉴国外有关经验,协调好地价与房价的关系,促进房地产业的健康发展.     

Towards an Integrated Marketing System of Agricultural Products in Developing Countries

The myriad of deficiencies that are responsible for derailing efforts of development in the developing countries has among its culprits, most of the marketing activities and institutions. The agricultural sector is the most important sector of development in developing countries; furthermore, it comprises the most catastrophic problems. A model is deemed necessary, one which offers the decislon makers in developing countries an opponuniv to find a solution to these identifiable problems. Such a model was proposed in this study to integrate the marketing system for their agricultural products. The model is conceptual in nature and is based on a system's approach; considerations were given to the following variables: current environments, domestic and international conditions, internal and external determinants, plans, macro and micro decisions, modifiers, spheres of activities, marketing mix, switches and ultimate output.     

供应中断事件前后石油价格变化分析

突发事件造成的重大石油供应中断前后油价的变化取决于:供应中断的规模、直接供应中断恢复的时间、突发事件有无引发其他事件造成新的供应中断的可能、欧佩克对待供应中断的态度和国际社会对突发事件的干预等因素。欧佩克对各类供应中断均会作出增产决定,其总产量将达到甚至超过突发事件前的总产量。产油国战争或罢工结束时的油价基本和突发事件前相当,战争或罢工事件结束对油价的影响作用结束。革命结束时的油价要高于革命前,革命事件对油价仍有一定的影响。     

农地非农配置价格扭曲与可持续发展

偏低的农地非农配置价格是农地过度损失的重要原因,从农地非农配置产生的社会、经济和生态纯收益出发,从理论角度探讨了农地非农配置的合理价格,进而分析转型期我国农地价格扭曲现状及原因,认为消除扭曲的最优方法是体制改革,对我国而言,减少政府干预,建立和完善农地非农配置市场是当务之急。     

国外农地转用价格的确定方法

研究目的:分析和介绍国外农地转用价格的确定方法,为中国农地转用价格的理论研究和实践提供借鉴.研究方法:文献资料法和比较分析法.研究结果:农地转用价格的确定方法可以分为三类,依据土地收益确定农地转用价格;依据对土地价格影响因素的量化分析确定农地转用价格;依据已有的经济学模型或经验公式确定农地转用价格、确定农地转用价格.研究结论:农地转用价格是土地价格的一种特殊形式,进行中国农地转用价格的研究具有重要的理论和现实意义.     

土地供应规则的变化对北京市住宅用地市场的影响

研究目的:以2004年8月31日和2005年5月1日为界,将北京市住宅用地市场分为三个阶段,从土地供应量、地价、竞租曲线、土地—资本替代弹性等方面分析土地供应规则的变化对住宅用地招拍挂出让市场的影响。研究方法:定性分析,土地竞租曲线和土地—资本替代弹性分析。研究结论:(1)经营性项目用地招拍挂供应的政策对住宅用地市场的影响胜于“熟地”供应政策;(2)土地竞租曲线的变化反映土地市场在经过较大波动之后正在适应新的土地供应规则;(3)土地—资本替代弹性分析显示北京市住宅用地的市场效率仍然偏低。     

The Influence of Commodity Programs on Acreage Response to Market Price: With an Illustration Concerning Rice Policy in the United States

Farm programs influence the parameters of typically estimated supply functions. We develop and apply an approach that uses detailed information about farm program incentives and constraints to identify underlying structural acreage response parameters when the data reflect behavior under complex government commodity programs. We illustrate the approach with data on rice acreage response to market price in the United States. For U.S. rice, estimates that fail to appropriately incorporate the program rules under which market data were generated are three to four times smaller than the structural parameters that are useful for most policy analysis or projections under alternative policies.     

The Sensitivity of Returns to Research Calculations to Supply Elasticity

Returns to research are thought to be robust under alternative supply elasticity assumptions. We show, both conceptually and numerically, how advances in approximating social benefits make returns to research sensitive to the supply elasticity. Despite this greater sensitivity, these advances retain conceptual and practical advantages. We make recommendations for dealing with the increased sensitivity.     

发展人工林:解决我国木材供需矛盾的长远战略选择

阐述了发展人工林之所以成为解决我国木材供需矛盾长远战略选择的原因,分析了目前人工林建设中存在的许多有待解决的问题,如人工林生产力低下,科技含量低,树种单一,税负过重,限额采伐挫伤生产者积极性等。并针对这些问题,提出应该深化改革,走林业科技化之路,同时在相关政策上予以扶持。     

Price Dynamics in a Vertical Sector: The Case of Butter

We develop a reduced-form model of price transmission in a vertical sector, allowing for refined asymmetric, contemporaneous and lagged, own and cross-price effects under time-varying volatility. The model is used to investigate the wholesale-retail price dynamics in the U.S. butter market. The analysis documents the nature of nonlinear price dynamics in a vertical sector. It finds strong evidence of asymmetric retail price responses, both in the short term and the longer term, but only weak evidence of asymmetric wholesale price responses. Asymmetric retail responses play a major role in generating a skewed distribution of butter prices. The empirical results indicate the presence of imperfect competition at the retail level.     

Dynamic Supply Response and Welfare Effects of Technological Change on Perennial Crops: The Case of Cocoa in Malaysia

Modern biotechnology will generate crops with higher yields and enhanced resistance to pests and diseases. In the case of perennial crops, the age composition of the present stand, the farmers' willingness to invest, and the yield profiles of old and new trees determine the speed of adoption of the new technology and the timing of the effects on supply and demand conditions. We adapt conventional welfare measures to account for these factors in the Assessment of research induced supply shifts. The application to cocoa in Malaysia shows that consumers and adopting producers gain and non-adopters lose. Overall, 72% of the welfare gains go to the consumers.     

非标准检尺对木材税费及价格的影响

本文以4 m长小头直径为4~20 cm的杉木为样本,假设各个尺寸的木材在各径阶内呈均匀分布。分别采用国家标准原木检尺和不同程度让尺检尺方法计算由于让尺所造成的木材价格变化及税费损失,提高人们对非标准检尺所带来危害的认识。     

庐山世界地质公园地质旅游资源及其开发

庐山世界地质公园地质旅游资源,主要包括地层遗迹、岩石遗迹、矿物遗迹、构造遗迹、水文地质遗迹和地质地貌遗迹等类型;庐山地质旅游资源具有久远性、系统性、完整性、品位高、内容丰富的特点;从加强地质旅游景区建设规划和旅游市场营销战略两方面提出了庐山地质旅游资源的开发思路。     

橡胶种植户参与价格稳定基金的影响因素

运用海南省、云南省西双版纳州496个橡胶种植户的问卷调查数据,分析农户对有政府补贴的价格稳定基金的认知以及影响参与的因素。研究结果表明:不信任是农户不愿意参与价格稳定基金的主要原因,受教育程度较高的农户更倾向于不参与,橡胶生产专业化程度较高的农户则是更愿意参与,对价格的风险态度对参与意愿没有显著影响。最后分析了可能导致价格稳定基金失败的主要风险。     

The Performance of Agricultural Market Advisory Services in Corn and Soybeans

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the performance of market advisory services for the 1995–2003 corn and soybean crops. A new database from the Agricultural Market Advisory Services (AgMAS) Project is used in the evaluation. This database should not be subject to survivorship and hindsight biases. Overall, the results provide little evidence that advisory services as a group outperform market benchmarks, particularly after considering risk. The evidence is more positive versus the farmer benchmarks, even after taking risk into account. Results also suggest that it is difficult to predict the pricing performance of advisory services across crop-years.