Arbitrator Acceptability: Does Justice Matter? Arbitrator Acceptability

There is virtually no theory-based research that examines if arbitrator behaviors influence whether they will be chosen for future cases. This longitudinal field study uses organizational justice theory to predict the acceptability of arbitrators in dispute-resolution processes involving labor and management representatives in actual cases. The data indicate that procedural justice is more important in predicting arbitrator acceptability in interest than in rights arbitration cases. Arbitrator distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice are all related to acceptability of arbitrators. Procedural justice and interactional justice are differentially related to evaluation of arbitrators, suggesting that they are distinct constructs.     

Globalization and Industrial Relations in East Asia: A Three-Country Comparison

Globalization enhances competitiveness, both at the level of the firm and at the level of the nation. As observed in China, Malaysia, and Korea, this leads management and the state to adopt strategies designed to increase labor effectiveness to the benefit of capital. However, the effect of globalization on industrial relations procedures and substantive outcomes is contingent. Pressure for greater flexibility in the use of labor is ubiquitous, but the outcome is constrained by cultural norms valuing hierarchy and security. State strategies vary by historical circumstance, resource endowments, and internal political dynamics, including the influence of trade unions. While Malaysian industrial relations is heavily constrained by the discipline of high exposure to international capital, in China and Korea, major struggles are shaping the future of workplace and national labor market governance. Thus the extent and impact of globalization vary between countries, resulting in similar preoccupations by policymakers yet leading to variable responses and industrial relations outcomes.     

Why Are Quit Rates Lower Among Defense Contractors?

This paper presents empirical evidence of lower quit rates at small manufacturers with defense contracts and examines whether this is associated with differences in their human resource policies and organizational practices and strategies. We take advantage of an original data set to compare labor quits, workforce skills, and occupational structure between defense‐contracting and noncontracting small manufacturers in eastern Pennsylvania. We find that the remarkably large defense contractor advantage in quit rates—7 percentage points—is almost totally explained by differences in skills, operational strategies, and workforce management and training practices, suggesting a mediation effect through these HR practices. Defense‐contracting status emerges as an important overlooked variable in HRM studies.     

Globalization, Financial Crisis, and Industrial Relations: The Case of South Korea

The South Korean case shows that the globalization trend in the 1990s and the 1997–1998 financial crisis had two contrasting effects on labor rights. First, these developments resulted in negative labor market outcomes: increased unemployment, greater use of contingent workers, and widened income inequalities. On the other hand, they led international organizations such as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the International Labor Organization (ILO) to play important roles in improving labor standards in Korea. Also, continued restructuring drives prompted unions to merge into industrial unions and wage strikes with increased frequency and intensity. Contrary to the common belief, the Korean case shows that globalization and intensified competition resulted in stronger and strategic responses from labor by stimulating employees' interest in and reliance on trade unionism.     

Interactions between marketing and R&D departments in implementing different business strategies

This paper examines how interactions between marketing and research and development personnel vary across business units pursuing different strategies. Based on the Miles and Snow typology of strategy, several propositions concerning the extent of interdepartmental conflict, the structures used to manage and resolve such conflicts, and the perceived effectiveness of the interaction between marketing and R&D are developed. These propositions are empirically tested in a study of marketing personnel from three divisions of a large Fortune 500 company. The results of this preliminary test indicate that conflict between the two departments is greatest under a prospector business unit strategy. The degree of formalization and the use of different forms of conflict resolution mechanisms only partially conformed to the predictions of Miles and Snow, but were strongly linked to respondents' assessment of the effectiveness of relations between the two functional areas.     

Towards theory building in agile manufacturing strategies—Case studies of an agility taxonomy

Agility is widely accepted in the manufacturing industry as a new competitive concept. However, how to develop a manufacturing strategy based around agility is not fully understood. A numerical taxonomy of agile manufacturing strategies was developed recently by the author, based on a large scale questionnaire study of UK industry. The taxonomy suggested the existence of three basic types of agility strategies: quick, responsive, and proactive. This paper presents a case-based investigation of the practical details of the three basic types of agility strategies. Typical cases from the basic strategy types were chosen and studied to establish why companies choose each type of the strategies, what distinctive agility drivers they are faced with and why, and whether and what typical action programs are used to implement the strategies. A cross-case analysis found that the choice of agility strategies is related to the nature of markets and competition, the characteristics of products (life cycles and degrees of maturity), and market positions of individual companies.     

How managers protect intellectual property rights in China using de facto strategies

Foreign firms trying to protect their intellectual property rights (IPRs) in emerging economies are suffering real pressures because these economies usually offer little or no enforcement of IPR. Foreign firms therefore have to resort to approaches unlike those they use in developed countries. This paper explores what managers of foreign firms in China have already tried in their efforts to achieve effective IPR protection – specifically, they have crafted de facto strategies that can protect IPR without using China's legal system or engaging in lawsuits against imitators. These strategies work, and this paper explains how and why, thus offering a potential template for IPR protection in other economies with weak appropriability systems.     

国际劳工权益保护及其对中国企业的影响

劳工权益保护问题越来越受到国际社会的关注，先后出现了国际劳工标准、核心劳工标准、社会条款、企业社会责任守则以及SA8000社会责任标准等，它们对中国企业的影响也各不相同。从长远来看，劳工权益保护是经济全球化发展的必然趋势，有些劳工标准还可能成为贸易壁垒。中国企业需要认真分析，积极应对。调整企业的竞争策略，加强企业的劳工权益保护，为企业可持续发展奠定基础。     

Understanding interfirm relations in mediation industries with special reference to the Nordic mobile communication industry

Telecommunication operators exemplify firms that employ a mediating technology to organize exchanges among customers. This paper develops a framework for understanding interfirm relations in such industries by considering mediation-specific properties of division of labor and the associated resource interdependencies. We apply the concept of primary and secondary relationship functions developed by Håkansson and Johansson to a mediation value system. The findings have implications for management of cooperative and competitive relationships in mediation industries.     

Prospects for integrated soil fertility management using organic and inorganic inputs: evidence from smallholder African agricultural systems

This paper reviews current organic nutrient management practices and their integration with mineral fertilizers in Sub-Saharan Africa with a view to understanding the potential impacts on a range of input markets. A number of different organic nutrient management practices have been found to be technically and financially beneficial, but they differ considerably as to their effectiveness and resource requirements. A review of African smallholder experiences with integrated soil fertility management practices finds growing use, both indigenously and through participation in agricultural projects. Patterns of use vary considerably across heterogeneous agroecological conditions, communities and households, but are stimulated by profitable commercially oriented agricultural opportunities. The potential for integrated soil fertility management to expand markets for organic inputs, labor, credit, and fertilizer is explored. We found that there are few direct analyses of these links and indirect evidence at this point in time is inconclusive.     

模块生产网络价值创新的整合架构研究

本文建立了一个决定模块生产网络价值创新的整合性架构，认为模块生产网络价值创新的基本逻辑．就是网络内部的适应性主体通过组织柔性的专业化分工、互补性合作以实现协同效应．这些协同效应就是模块生产网络价值创新的主要来源。协同效应的实现还有赖于模块生产网络有效的自我治理．主要包括设计规则的可行性、系统竞争策略的有效性和标准竞争策略的合理性。这些治理活动镶嵌在既定的制度背景中，模块生产网络受到不同制度环境的限制．就会有不同的治理行为和不同的价值创新绩效。     

何种用工制度更具适应性效率——用工“双轨制”与“单轨制”的比较研究

用工"双轨制"是当前我国企事业单位的一种普遍现象,也是造成劳动关系矛盾的根源之一。这种现象至今依然存在的一个重要原因是人们对并轨改革心存顾忌。用工制度改革缺乏理论支撑。本文从制度适应性效率的视角。通过组织运作的模型抽象与模拟。对用工的"双轨制"和"单轨制"进行比较。得出的结论表明:用工"单轨制"更具适应性效率。更能促进组织绩效的快速增长:用工"双轨制"具有刚性特征,组织很难自行进行矫正;在并轨改革过程中。国家需发挥政策制定的主导作用,有必要出台相关的政策法规强制推行用工"单轨制"。     

Cross‐border acquisitions and the asymmetric effect of power distance value difference on long‐term post‐acquisition performance

Research summary : Inconclusive findings about the effect of national cultural differences on post‐acquisition performance may be created by the failure to distinguish among the different cultural dimensions and the asymmetry of cultural differences. To demonstrate a different approach, this study focuses on one dimension of national cultural values—power distance value (PDV) and develops a framework for the asymmetric effect of PDV differences in creating two types of conflicts. The analysis of 2,115 cross‐border acquisitions in the global information technology industry shows that PDV differences undermine the long‐term post‐acquisition performance of acquirers. This effect is stronger when acquirers are higher than targets in PDV than when the opposite is the case. This asymmetric effect of PDV difference depends on national status difference, business relatedness, and acquisition experience. Managerial summary: National cultural differences can create “cultural clashes” to undermine the value creation by cross‐border acquisitions. During integration, individuals react to the acquirer–target hierarchy according to their respective power distance value (PDV): the extent to which they value equality (low PDV) or hierarchy (high PDV). PDV divergence results in two types of conflicts, depending on whether acquirers are higher or lower than targets in PDV. The two types of conflicts vary in the magnitude of their harmful effect on post‐acquisition performance. Both types of conflicts are more detrimental when acquirers are higher than targets in country status and when individuals need to interact more intensely. Acquisition experience can both help and harm post‐acquisition performance. These findings offer important implications for managing cross‐border acquisitions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大学生就业的人力资源市场分析

大学生就业是当前社会关注的热点问题。为促进大学生就业,文章立足社会调查数据,采用描述性实证分析的方法,挖掘出大学生就业难的劳动力市场深层次原因,提出提高大学生人力资源配置和使用效率的路径选择。     

当代创业企业的经济性质——当代科技创新劳动的市场性综合定价机制

本文认为，理解当代创业企业经济性质的初始点是当代科技创新劳动的异质性，当代科技创新劳动的异质性决定了当代科技创新劳动报酬计量的复杂性与艰巨性。当代创业企业，基本质上是一种关于当代科技创新劳动的市场性综合定价机制。在市场经济条件下，由科技创新者自身创办企业，拥有创业企业的所有权，就是对当代科技创新劳动报酬进行计量的一种市场生综合定价机制。     

The network mediation of an incubator: How does it enable or constrain the development of incubator firms' business networks?

Incubators are organisations or structures that usually offer five types of services in order to accelerate start-up development: access to physical resources, administrative services, access to financial resources, assistance with start-up procedures and access to networks. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the mediating role of the incubator. More specifically, it examines how the incubator's mediation is related to incubator firms' development of broader business networks. The primary data comprised 34 face-to-face interviews with 19 respondents from an incubator and its incubator firms and with other actors with which the incubator had a relationship. The paper offers three conclusions concerning how the network horizon influences the incubator's capacity to mediate relationships, the necessity for incubator firms to be proactive in order to utilise the mediation activities of the incubator and the influence of public-funding agencies in the development of incubator firms, which is based on their role as third actors in connected business relationships.     

Labor Law Reform: One Step Forward and Two Steps Back

This article deals with the question of whether the reforms proposed by the labor law traditionalists are desirable on economic grounds, and if not, what types of reform might be offered. The specific proposals include increased job security, increased employee participation in decision making, and reform of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). The difficulty for reformers is that they have not yet accepted the challenge of designing proposals for today's more competitive labor and product markets. Until this changes, reform efforts can be shown to be backward steps.     

代理问题、公司治理与企业价值--以民营上市公司为例

本文运用代理理论对2002年在上海、深圳证券交易所上市的122家民营上市公司治理与企业价值进行理论分析与实证检验,发现民营上市公司治理包括在股权集中度、债务融资比重、金字塔式控股、控制权与现金流权偏离、流通股与非流通股价偏离等五个方向上存在着代理冲突,并指出引发民营上市公司代理冲突的首要原因是现行流通股与非流通股的股权割裂。     

Using System Dynamics to assess the impact of RFID technology on retail operations

The application of item-level radio frequency identification (RFID) technology in retail supply chains creates cost savings and promises large potential benefits from revenue growth. However, the economic assessment of the impact on improved store operations, labor utilization, and increased sales is still not fully explored. We propose to use System Dynamics as a structural modeling and simulation approach to integrate conventional return on investment evaluations. Building on previous research about RFID technology in retail supply chains, we developed a model based on the case exploration of a leading Italian apparel retailer. Simulations show that RFID implementations are profitable whenever they contribute to increase sales, especially when a fashion retailer is focused on clerk-assisted sales strategies. Sales growth results from the dynamic and integrated impacts of RFID technology on better inventory control, faster inventory turnover, and longer time available for store personnel to assist consumers as an effect of more efficient backroom operations.     

Labor–Management Partnership and Employee Voice: Evidence from the Healthcare Setting

This paper examines the relationship between labor–management partnership (LMP) and employee voice in the healthcare setting. We argue that the ability of LMP to deliver gains to employees is contingent on the quality of the procedural infrastructure on which it is established. We maintain that the quality of LMP processes influences employee trust in their employer and perceptions of union effectiveness and that these perceptions, in turn, are related to employee patient‐care voice.