改革开放以来中国股票市场的发展和变迁

改革开放以来,中国的股票市场走过了一个不平凡的发展道路。在股票市场起起落落的发展过程中,其作为融资的一个重要渠道在发挥着重要的作用。但中国股票市场的发展也存在一些问题,为此,应解决好股票指数变化带来的连带反映;提高金融监督效率;改革现行发行制度;解决资本市场结构单一的矛盾。     

关于西方经济思想对我国改革开放影响的思考

随着我国改革开放的深入发展,西方经济思想对我国改革开放的影响在逐步从经济领域蔓延到政治领域和社会思想领域。这一方面促进了我国经济理论和社会主义市场经济的发展,另一方面也带来了对社会主义价值观、世界观和共产主义的信仰危机。因此,我们应对西方经济思想有正确的认识,既要看到它是资产阶级上层建筑的一部分,是为资本主义制度和资产阶级服务的阶级本质,同时也应看到它是对资本主义市场经济运行经验总结,反映了市场经济运行的一些一般规律,对社会主义市场经济建设有借鉴意义。但是,我国不能照搬资本主义市场经济,更不能以西方经济思想作为我国改革开放的指导思想。     

改革开放30年我国农业发展的回顾与展望

对改革开放30年来我国农业发展取得的巨大成就和成功经验进行了简要回顾,在此基础上,结合国内外农业发展的新形势以及我国农业发展面临的问题,提出了我国未来农业发展的十大趋势,对推进新世纪、新阶段我国农业的又好又快发展具有积极参考价值。     

改革开放以来新疆对外开放战略的演进与发展

新疆是我国对外开放的重要门户,改革开放以来,新疆在战略决策层面始终保持着融入世界的主流意识;在实践层面,一系列的战略转型和新定位使得其对外开放战略在驱动经济发展的进程中主要经历了三个阶段：在1970年代末-1980年代后期的起步阶段,利用口岸优势与优惠外资政策,突破封闭型经济,逐步形成“向西倾斜”的开放战略;在1980年代后期-2000年的战略营建和扩充阶段,“全方位开放,向西倾斜”与“内引外联,东联西出”的开放战略体系逐步形成;进入新世纪后,提升对外开放战略,优化对外开放政策,内外联动、互利共盈、安全高效的对外开放战略理念日益成熟,建成中国西部国际商贸中心的战略目标形成。     

Trade Liberalization,Economic Restructuring and Urban Poverty: The Case of China*

Increased trade openness and rapid market-oriented transformation have largely altered the patterns of wealth accumulation and wealth distribution in post-reform China. In the present paper, with the help of Chinese provincial level data over the period of 1986 to 2000, simultaneous equations estimation and generalized method of moment techniques are applied to investigate the relationship between trade and poverty in urban China. Empirical results suggest that China's trade liberalization helps to reduce urban poverty both directly and indirectly through its favorable impacts on economic growth.     

中国农地制度市场化改革的历史演进（1978—2009）

改革开放至今,我国农地制度市场化改革经历了从农地所有权与使用权相分离,重塑农民为部分产权主体,到承包权与经营权相分离,实现土地流转,再到明确提出建立农地要素市场的目标,最后到以打造农地财产权为重点的农地制度改革来完善农地市场的四个阶段,形成了中国特色的农地制度市场化变革模式。     

Understanding openness and productivity growth in China: An empirical study of the Chinese provinces

This paper investigates the effects of openness on China's regional productivity growth. We build a model of technology diffusion in which follower economies achieve productivity growth by taking advantage of technology spillovers from the world technology frontier. We hypothesize that China's regional productivity growth is a positive function of regional openness and a negative function of the current level of regional productivity. Empirical analysis in this paper focuses on how openness affects productivity growth in the Chinese provinces. We examine two effects of openness on regional productivity growth in China: the direct growth effect and the convergence effect. By using a variety of panel data regression techniques, we show that the direct growth effect of openness is the main effect while the convergence effect is insignificant. The findings of this paper lend strong support to the claim that the opening-up of China promotes the country's economic growth.     

Trade, technology spillovers, and food production in China

Trade, Technology Spillovers, and Food Production in China. — This paper studies technology spillovers between China and other countries, international trade in inputs being the prime carrier of knowledge in agricultural production. Human capital characteristics and structural characteristics of the agricultural production sys-tems determine the local usability of foreign knowledge for Chinese farmers. The authors utilize a multi-region applied general equilibrium model to analyze Chinese opportunities to benefit from foreign technology improvements in grain production. It is shown that possible negative welfare effects of unilateral trade liberalization of China against North American imports of agricultural inputs may be more than compensated by productivity gains if technology spillovers are included.     

改革开放中的高新技术产业研发效率研究——基于随机前沿函数的实证分析

收集我国1998-2009年17个高新技术产业研发投入产出及相关影响因素的面板数据,应用随机前沿函数测度了其研发效率及影响因素。发现:1.未考虑效率影响因素时,中国高新技术产业研发效率较低;考虑影响因素后,短期和中期效率得到提升。2.政府支持对研发效率起促进作用,短期效应不明显,中长期效果显著。金融支持对研发效率起显著或不显著的抑制作用。其它因素在不同时期对研发效率有着不同程度的正负面影响。在此基础上提出了有效提升高新技术产业研发效率的政策建议。     

Dietary Diversity,Food Security and Undernourishment: The Vietnamese Evidence*

As is widely known, Vietnam experienced a rise in living standards and a decline in expenditure poverty during the first half of the 1990s. This paper extends this knowledge by providing evidence on the Vietnamese experience of food security, undernourishment and poverty from the late 1990s to the early part of the new millennium. The results suggest that poor households did not experience increases in food consumption, calorie intake and dietary diversity of the same magnitude as non‐poor households. Nevertheless, Vietnam experienced impressive reductions in both calorie deprivation and expenditure poverty at the turn of the century. Non‐poor households, in particular, experienced spectacular increases in calorie intake and dietary diversity during the period 1997/1998–2004. This paper also reports regression results which point to the role of urbanization and improvement in education levels in promoting dietary diversity and nutrient intake. The present study finds evidence of sharp regional differences in calorie intake and calorie costs, which suggests that the authorities should set provincial poverty lines, contrary to the current practice adopted by Vietnam's General Statistical Office.     

Migration constraints and development: Hukou and capital accumulation in China

Rural–urban migration flows are a crucial corollary of economic development. The adverse or beneficial effects of internal migration, for sending as well as receiving areas, and the definition of optimal migration policies, have remained much discussed issues since the seminal works of Harris and Todaro (1970). This debate is especially acute in China where the “household registration system” (hukou) acts as a strong constraint on individual migration. This paper aims to assess the consequences of hukou through a simple model of a developing dual economy with overlapping generations. Contrary to existing studies focused on the contemporaneous allocation of economic resources, it deals with the dynamic consequences of migration flows and migration policies. It shows that, in fairly general circumstances, hukou-related migration constraints can actually hasten development, understood as the transfer of the labor force to the modern sector, driven by capital accumulation. The hukou system could thus be one of the causes of the extremely high Chinese saving rate and of the high pace of Chinese development. Insights from the model are confronted with stylized facts from the Chinese development, and theoretical results are especially consistent with the effects of the 2001 “towns and small cities” reform.     

中外保险中介市场比较分析及政策建议

近几年来，我国保险专业中介机构快速发展，保险中介法律法规体系基本建立，保险中介机构在服务、产品、经营创新方面取得初步成效，业务规模增长较快。但与国外相比，我国保险专业中介在市场占有率、专业化水平、与保险公司战略合作、经营模式、竞争模式等方面有较大差距。必须深化体制改革，推进保险公司社会化、专业化经营，拓展保险中介发展空间；加强专业品质，注重诚信建设，提高中介机构的核心竞争力；实施人才战略，推进对外开放，加速保险专业中介与国际接轨，推进保险中介对外开放；改善监管，加强自律，促进中介机构健康和谐发展，加强中介行业自律。     

股权分置改革：现状、问题与建议

对由于历史的原因所形成的我国上市公司的股权分置进行改革就是要清除国有股、法人股流通屏障,赋予其流通权。股权分置改革是我国证券市场的深刻革命,是国有企业体制改革的深化与延伸。本文就我国目前股改的形势,股权分置改革的性质、意义及影响进行分析,并提出了完善股改的十项政策建议。     

Industrialization,urbanization and land use in China

Rapid industrial development and urbanization transfer more and more land away from agricultural production and affect the patterns of land use intensity. This paper analyzes the determinants of land use by modeling arable land and sown area separately. An inverse U-shaped relationship between land use intensity and industrialization is explored both theoretically and empirically. The findings highlight the conflict between the two policy goals of industrialization and grain self-sufficiency in the end. Several policy recommendations are offered to reconcile the conflict.     

Shifting International Competitiveness: An Analysis of Market Share in Manufacturing Industries in Japan,Korea, Taiwan and the USA*

In the present study we conduct constant market share analysis of the imports and apparent consumption of the manufacturing industries of four major economies‐Korea, Japan, Taiwan and the USA. Additionally, the current study disaggregates import penetration in manufacturing, including sectors with relatively high technological requirements. Statistical tests of the significance of changes in import penetration in manufacturing industries are also conducted. The real growth of exports and apparent consumption in the two largest OECD markets is decomposed into: (i) the commodity composition effect; and (ii) the competitiveness effect. Finally, we examine the significance of trade policy for changes in import penetration in Japan and the USA.     

中国财政改革:政府层级、事权、支出与税收安排的思路

深化我国财政体制改革应考虑从1994年财税配套改革的成果出发,按照建立公共财政框架的方向,在适当简化政府层级的前提下,依照“一级政权、一级事权、一级财权、一级税基、一级预算、一级产权、一级举债权”的原则构造完整的多级财政,同时改进和完善中央自上而下的财力转移支付制度。     

Efficiency,Cointegration and Contagion in Equity Markets: Evidence from China,Japan and South Korea*

This paper empirically examines whether three East Asian stock markets, namely, those of China, Japan and South Korea, are individually and/or jointly efficient, and whether contagion exists between the cointegrated markets. While individual market efficiency is examined through testing for the random walk hypothesis, joint market efficiency is examined through testing for cointegration and contagion. The present study finds that the hypothesis of individual market efficiency is strongly rejected for the Chinese stock market, but not for the Japanese and the South Korean stock markets. However, when testing for cointegration, market efficiency is strongly rejected for all these markets. We take a simple case of contagion and find that although there is a long‐term relationship among the three markets, the contagion hypothesis cannot be rejected only between Japanese and South Korean stock markets, indicating short‐run portfolio diversification benefits from these two markets.     

金融中介、股票市场与经济增长:基于联立方程模型的实证分析

文章利用1998～2009年的季度数据,通过构建联立方程模型,利用GMM估计方法系统考察了中国金融中介、股票市场与经济增长之间的相互关系.实证研究结果表明:金融中介发展与经济增长二者相互影响,但作用方向不同:金融中介的总体规模对经济发展的影响为负;经济增长对于金融中介的发展存在显著的正向作用;股票市场发展与经济增长二者...     

集体林权流转制度改革:历程回顾、核心议题与路径选择

改革开放以来,我国集体林权流转制度改革经历了林业三定时期、两次集体林改过渡时期和新一轮集体林改时期。研究结果显示:集体林权流转是集体经济组织和林农流出的过程,流入方注入新的生产要素与经营理念,集体林经营的资本密集度渐增;集体林权流转主体不断增多,每个时期都有主要的集体林权流转参与主体,且从单向流转向多向流转转变;政府部门从禁止集体林权流转转向鼓励和支持集体林权流转,林地收益是集体林权流转的保障,多异质性主体和林农非林就业机会增多是集体林权流转的必要条件;集体林权流转从木质产权交易演化到木质与非木质并重的产权交易,生态价值得以体现。在可以预见的未来,小农和村集体将继续向新型经营主体和工商资本等流转集体林权。为实现集体林权有序流转和保障各方利益,有必要进一步强化集体林确权工作,完善集体林权流转平台建设,规范政府行为,完善政策法规,明确生态公益林等林业区划原则,完善利益联结机制。