环氧乙烷/乙二醇装置副产二氧化碳的回收利用

文章通过对扬子石化环氧乙烷/乙二醇装置副产二氧化碳回收利用必要性的论述和可行性分析,采取措施对装置副产二氧化碳进行回收利用。结果表明二氧化碳的回收与利用,不仅提高了装置的经济效益,而且减少二氧化碳对大气的排放,节省了资源,保护了环境。     

经济增长、能源结构转型与二氧化碳排放 ——基于面板数据的经验分析

本文基于新结构经济学理论,考虑不同发展阶段和要素禀赋结构的差异性,对经济增长对能源结构转型和二氧化碳排放的异质性作用进行研究。本文使用全球67个经济体1990—2018年的面板数据,运用联立方程模型实证检验经济增长对能源结构转型和二氧化碳排放的影响。研究结果表明：能源结构转型与经济增长呈U型关系,二氧化碳排放与经济增长呈倒U型关系,换言之,只有当经济增长跨过一定门槛才能实现能源结构转型和二氧化碳减排的双重红利,并且这一效应也存在于高收入经济体、低收入经济体和非资源型经济体。本文的研究结论为各经济体政策制定者在不同发展阶段下发挥政府因势利导的作用以实现能源结构转型和二氧化碳减排提供了理论依据。     

虚拟化技术在通信企业的应用

虚拟化技术作为一种减少服务器功耗、降低服务器的占地空间和增强数据中的管理能力的重要手段，得到了业界的普遍认可。通过利用VMware服务器虚拟化技术和EMC Vplex的存储虚拟化技术，可以整合通信企业服务器和存储资源，提升了已有IT资源的利用率，在减少宕机时间、增加可管理性同时，减少二氧化碳的排放，为建设绿色IT进行了有益的尝试。     

经济增长、市场制度与CO2排放——基于新兴经济体的实证研究

本文从检验环境库兹涅茨曲线出发,运用1996年-2009年22个新兴经济体样本着重研究了经济增长、市场制度和二氧化碳排放的关系,研究发现:新兴经济体的经济增长和二氧化碳排放之间存在着三次方的关系,即随着人均GDP的提高,污染物排放量会迅速提高,收入达到第一个拐点后,二氧化碳排放速度开始略有下降,收入超过第二个拐点后又开始攀升;市场自由化程度的提高降低二氧化碳的排放,而计划经济向市场经济转型的变化使得二氧化碳排放量增加,对外直接投资的增加导致了二氧化碳排放量的显著增加。新兴经济体可以通过经济转型、技术创新、完善市场机制和强化FDI进入的环境管制来控制二氧化碳排放的快速增加。     

“源”自光合作用

4月11日,上汽集团自主研发的叶子概念车在世博会汽集团-通用汽车馆全球首发。叶子集合了光电转换、风电转换和二氧化碳吸附转等新能源转换技术于一身,一改过去的单纯向外排放二氧化碳变为吸收、转化和利用二氧化碳,并首次推出了负排放的念。     

今天，你“低碳”了么

如果你用了100度电．那么你就排放了78．5千克二氧化碳;如果你自驾车消耗了100公升汽油,那么你就排放了270千克二氧化碳……”     

中国城市化发展与碳排放关系——基于30个省区数据的实证研究

通过构建多形式的碳排放模型以及测算全国省际二氧化碳排放数据,本文考察了多重因素特别是中国城市化发展对二氧化碳排放产生的影响.分析结果较为稳健地表明,城市化进程直接加剧了二氧化碳的排放,产业结构变化是中国碳排放增长的重要驱动因素之一;FDI环境效应的合力是负面的,贸易并非国际碳污染转移的主要渠道.     

低碳——就业新选择

如果你乘飞机旅行2000公里，那么你就排放了278千克的二氧化碳；如果你用了100度电，那么你就排放了78．5千克二氧化碳。用碳排放来计算的生活，直观地反映了全球二氧化碳的排放引起温室效应，使得地球“发烧”了。时下。低碳经济为“生病”的地球开出了一剂“退烧药”，也带来了千千万万的就业岗位。     

碳税征收对我国宏观经济及碳减排影响的模拟研究

本文通过构建动态可计算一般均衡（DCGE）模型,模拟分析了2007-2020年期间不同碳税水平、不同能源使用效率、不同碳税使用方式对二氧化碳减排强度、二氧化碳排放强度边际变化率、部门产出及其价格、经济发展、社会福利等变量的影响。研究结论表明：随着碳税税率的增加,单位碳税二氧化碳排放强度边际变化率呈现逐渐减小的变化趋势,相比较而言,能源使用效率越高,单位碳税的二氧化碳排放强度边际变化率越大;在能源消费环节征收碳税,同时降低居民所得税税率,并保持政府财政收入中性,可以实现在减少二氧化碳排放强度的同时使得社会福利水平有所增加,从而可以实现碳税的“双重红利”效应。     

我国碳税机制分析

碳税是针对二氧化碳排放而征收的税,它是一种环境税。碳税的征收会提高石化能源产品的价格,价格的提高会促进资源的节约利用、能源使用效率的提高,会让新能源在价格上更具有竞争优势,从而减少温室气体的排放。在当前我国尚未对企业设定温室气体排放总量控制的背景下,推行碳税不失为一种可行的措施。     

中国二氧化碳排放的区域差异分解及影响因素——基于1995～2009年省际面板数据的研究

分别以碳排放强度和人均碳排放作为碳排放指标,对1995～2009年中国碳排放的区域差异进行结构分解,并实证研究不同碳排放水平的影响因素。结果发现,中国碳排放存在明显的区域差异,碳排放强度的区域差异大于人均碳排放的区域差异。三区域划分标准下,碳排放总体差异主要源于区域内差异;八区域划分标准下,碳排放总体差异主要源于区域间差异。能源强度、能源结构、人均GDP、产业结构是造成碳排放水平差异的重要因素。     

论我国碳排放权交易体系的构建

全球变暖是当今世界必须面对的重要环境问题,而碳排放权交易正是最有效的减排制度。目前,该制度在各国已得到广泛实践,而我国碳排放权交易体系的构建尚处于探索阶段。为此,我国应借鉴国际经验,选择适合中国的碳排放权交易机制,构建起有中国特色的碳排放权交易体系。     

碳审计在总体规划中的角色

所有国家地区都会受气候变化影响,无一例外.全世界需要要走向低碳经济发展道路."低碳经济"一概念被提出.低碳经济是指一种发展模式,在经济增长中排放最少之温室气体,以高能源效率产出,推动可持续之社会发展.目前我国把城市经济、社会、环境体系作为单元出计量碳排放量之实施经验不多,更没有具体项目把碳审计概念融进我们之城市规划管理体系内.城市规划建设作为直接影响城市碳排放之决策环节,这缺口必须通过把规划编制过程和手法扩展.最基本任务是把"碳排放审计"概念实施在总体规划编制过程中.本文笔者就城市总体规划编制流程和规划管理提出建议,深化我国城市规划决策流程,应对气候变化之挑战.     

基于灰色关联分析的河南省出口商品环境影响力研究

运用灰色关联分析法对河南省2006─2009年间33类商品出口部门的碳排放影响力的研究结果发现:从行业要素密集度角度整体来看,多数劳动密集型产业出口对河南省碳排放的影响较大,多数资源密集型产业出口对河南省碳排放的影响较小,而资本和技术密集型产业出口对河南省碳排放的影响次序较为分散。因此,河南省低碳经济建设应当充分考虑不同行业的特点和环境影响力,有重点的、有计划地实施碳减排。     

The Environmental Outcome of Emissions-intensive Economic Growth: A Critical Look at Official Growth Projections for Sweden up to the Year 2000

Implications for carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions from the Swedish government's medium-term economic projections are assessed, considering Sweden's environmental goals. Data from the first environmental accounting matrix of Sweden are exploited within the framework of the interindustry model to give emission multipliers for various components of aggregate demand. In view of these emission multipliers, it is evident that the outlined macro-economic development does not conform with Sweden's environmental goals. The oil price and the structural changes assumed in the economic projections stress still further the need for strong environmental policy measures to attain the emission goals. The allocation of total expenditure is shown here to be a critical factor for bringing down the emissions to accepted levels.     

低碳经济中全球价值链的经济学分析

全球价值链分工在为全球经济的持续增长注入新动力的同时,也带来二氧化碳等温室气体排放量剧增等环境污染问题。本文利用经济学中的成本收益分析方法,分析了低碳经济中各国参与全球价值链分工的比较优势。结果显示,在低碳经济的发展模式下,低碳技术进步、低碳需求的培育以及碳排放权、碳金融市场的完善是各国充分发挥竞争优势、实现全球价值链分工体系中价值链升级的基本条件。     

How foreign direct investment affects CO2 emission levels in the Chinese manufacturing industry: Evidence from panel data

This study explores how inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) affect a country’s carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission levels. To investigate this relationship, we use panel data (2002–2015) from the 28 subsectors of the Chinese manufacturing sector. We also perform panel framework analysis to verify the characteristics of the panel data before establishing the panel estimator meant to test the relationships between carbon dioxide emissions, FDI inflows, industrial GDP, industry openness, net domestic fixed capital stock and cleaner production. The results of the panel framework analysis suggest the need to eliminate dynamic panel bias and produce more efficient and consistent parameter estimates. To do so, we use System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimators with time dummies. Ultimately, the results of the analysis show that FDI is a positive predictor of environmental quality in the host country, which serves as evidence of the halo effect that FDI reduces CO₂ emission levels. The study also finds evidence that industrial GDP and cleaner production improve environmental quality. However, the domestic capital stock has a negative effect on environmental quality. By showing that past carbon dioxide emissions significantly influence current emissions, our findings demonstrate the importance of consistency and persistence in efforts to reduce those emissions. Accordingly, we discuss some policy implications based on these results.     

Corporate Carbon Strategies and Greenhouse Gas Emission Assessments: The Implications of Scope 3 Emission Factor Selection

Scholars and practitioners acknowledge the benefits of organizations understanding their contribution to global warming and implementing carbon management strategies to address climate change concerns. A key element of a carbon management strategy is to reduce emissions, which requires an assessment of a firm's greenhouse gas emissions. For most organizations the indirect (scope 3) emissions represent the largest portion of their total carbon footprint. When facility‐specific data are not available, firms are encouraged to use standard emission factors to calculate scope 3 emissions. This paper investigates how sampled Australian organizations assess their scope 3 emissions with respect to the emission factors they are using to convert activity data into units of carbon dioxide equivalent emission (CO₂‐e), and the implications for producing an accurate emission assessment. The research study found that, where conversion information was not available in a recognized government publication, the use of varying conversion value sources resulted in wide discrepancies in reported emissions for like activities. This undermines the assessment quality, makes comparison of results across organizations difficult and can lead to inappropriate carbon management strategy choices and misallocation of resources. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

The relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth: quantile panel-type analysis

This paper samples the data of 138 countries during the 1971–2007 period, and performs an empirical test to validate the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth. It first performs panel data analysis and quantile regression analysis to estimate the long-run elasticity relationships, and then analyzes the short-run error correction model to verify the causal relationship between the two. The empirical results indicate the following. (1) The long-run relationship between global carbon dioxide emissions and GDP is stable, with 32.6% of the sampled countries showing cross-coupling of the two (with an elasticity value of greater than 1), 47.1% reporting relative-decoupling (with an elasticity value between 0 and 1), and 20.3% seeing absolute-decoupling (with an elasticity value of smaller than 0). (2) The quantile regression shows that long-run elasticity declines along with the rise of carbon dioxide emission quantiles. In other words, cross-coupling turns into relative-decoupling. (3) The analysis of short-run panel data and quantile regressions mostly support the feedback relationship between carbon dioxide emissions growth and economic growth. This is consistent with the hypothesis developed by Kuznets. (4) According to the results of the quantile regression, the higher the quantiles, the faster and more stable of the short-run error-correction mechanism of the adjustments from short-run disequilibrium to long-run equilibrium. (5) Under the low-quantile carbon dioxide emissions growth and economic growth, the relationship between these two is not stable of the short-run disequilibrium adjustments in the error-correction adjustment process. However, the relationship between these two is steady and feedback in the case of high quantiles. Therefore, the first priority to combat global warming is to focus on the countries with high economic growth and high carbon dioxide emissions growth.     

浅谈油耗监测设备的应用

加强节能减排,实现低碳发展,是生态文明建设的重要内容,是促进经济提质增效升级的必由之路。“十二五”规划纲要明确提出了单位国内生产总值（GDP）能耗和二氧化碳排放量降低、主要污染物排放总量减少的约束性目标,交通运输作为全国节能减排的三个重点行业之一,与2005相比,力争“十二五”末营运货车单位运输周转量能耗下降12%。要完成“十二五”发展规划节能要求,需要强化行业统计能力,对市场上现有原理设备进行分析,探讨其在车辆上应用的优缺点,对于加强交通行业能源消耗计量与统计能力建设,进一步完善节能减排的计量、统计、监测、核查体系,确保相关指标数据准确一致意义重大。