以用户体验为导向的产品设计方法思考简

随着体验时代的到来，用户体验逐渐被人们重视，产品创新设计离不开用户研究。而用户研究又涉及多学科及市场营销等交叉研究领域。近年来，随着计算机技术的迅速发展，用户体验与产品创新设计已经成为设计界最活跃的研究方向之一。     

论面向建筑产品的技术扩散

从建筑产品生产全过程的视角，提出了面向建筑产品的技术创新和技术扩散，探讨了面向建筑产品的技术扩散的三种形式。在借鉴国外学对参与技术扩散的角色研究的基础上，分析了影响面向建筑产品技术扩散的主要因素。     

集团用户:如何吃到这块蛋糕

在成品油消费市场上，集团用户是一个重要群体。它包括行政事业单位、生产企业和服务性企业，涵盖农业、矿产、制造、建筑、交通运输、通讯、公用事业、金融保险等行业和政府部门、机关团体、企事业单位等，由于他们拥有着社会上绝大部分的公务车、运输车和其他耗油机械，从而成为市场上一支举足轻重的力量。以河北石油公司的销售统计为例，目前掌控在     

“曼罗兰”为报业用户提供柯达印前解决方案

在德鲁巴展览会举行期间，曼罗兰大中华和柯达公司签订了合作协议，正式成为柯达中国报业的印前解决方案。其中包括CTP设备、流程和耗材产品总代理。     

浅谈建筑企业市场与产品营销

提出建筑企业如何搞好市场营销的建议，如何开拓市场，巩固企业的市场份额；如何建立建筑企业市场营销体系，获取最大效益。在分析建筑产品的特点，基础上提出产品营销的策略。     

国内外乙醇胺生产现状与发展趋势

乙醇胺，包括一乙醇胺，二乙醇和三乙醇胺，是氨基醇中最重要的产品，乙醇胺是重要的精细有机化工原料之一，主要用作表面活性剂，合成洗涤剂，石油添加剂，合成树脂和橡胶增塑剂，促进剂，硫化剂和发泡剂，以及用于气体净化，液体防冻，印染，医药，农药，建筑，军工等领域。     

匠芯独具，纵形天下——xw9300工作站 石油勘探显身手

作为工作站领域的领先厂商，HP为用户提供了极具专业价值的工作站产品，其中也包括了大量的石化行业用户。HP与石油勘探领域的系统供应商，如Paradigm等，保持着广泛而紧密的合作，致力于为石化行业用户提供前沿的解决方案。目前，HP工作站大量应用于石油勘探常用的地理信息系统（GIS）中。     

基于KANO模型的校园文创产品设计研究

文章针对现有校园文创产品存在的缺乏创新、模糊需求和缺乏功能开发等问题,提出来了使用KANO模型从用户需求的角度设计校园文创产品。具体包括设计调查问卷收集相关用户信息,利用KANO模型分析方法梳理出消费者对校园文创产品需求项的优先级,确定产品设计的关键点。以澳门城市大学为例,运用KANO模型和情感设计进行校园文创产品系统化设计,为校园文创产品发展提供新思路。     

PTC成功召开2009年中国用户大会

去年底，PTC公司一年一度的中国用户大会在深圳大梅沙隆重召开，本次大会的主题为“领航先机，共济蓝海”，参会嘉宾包括PTC近干名新老客户、合作伙伴，以及众多行业领域的资深专家。在为期两天的会议中，PTC重点阐述了其战略远景、产品开发领域发展的主要趋势与关键优势，并介绍其众多产品的最佳实践。     

浅谈建筑产品计价模式的改革

《招投标法》为合理低价中标原则提供了法律依据。实现建筑工程项目投标原则竞争中合理低价中标原则需要对现行建筑产品的计价模式进行改革。章分析了现行建筑产品计价模式的不足，借鉴国际通用作法，对建筑产品实行市场定价提出建议。     

石油企业质量监督有效性探讨

近年来,石油企业不断规范质量监督管理,强化产品质量监督抽查工作,采购物资和自产产品质量得到了较为有效的控制。根据石油企业的行业特点,针对产品质量特性要求,就如何提高石油企业质量监督的有效性,以及制度建设、抽查计划、抽查重点、验证采购、不合格处理等环节进行了分析和探讨。     

Forecasting derived product demand in commercial construction

This article presents a practical scheme for forecasting derived demand for an industrial product used in the nonresidential construction industry. The method proposed includes a basic product requirement model to be used in conjunction with lagged construction award data. Twelve-month moving averages are used to smooth the basic construction contract award data which is analyzed by construction type and by geographic region.The methodology described enables accurate product sales potential estimation, and when compared with smoothed historical sales data, provides a means of evaluating market penetration. Although the method presented is concerned primarily with forecasting in the relatively short term, the scheme may be extended to a medium term corresponding roughly to the construction cycle. The article deals with application to a specific industry segment. However, the forecasting and evaluation procedure is adaptable to other industrial products.     

Impact of new product development (NPD) proficiency and NPD entry strategies on product quality and risk

This research explores the variation of new product quality and risk associated with New Product Development (NPD) entry strategies (e.g. in‐house developments and joint ventures). Our first two research questions examine the quality of new products and the variation of risk across five NPD entry strategies. Our third and fourth research questions investigate the association of the proficiency with which NPD technical activities are performed with new product quality and the risk involved in developing new products. Our final two research questions explore whether the type of NPD entry strategy mediates the association between the proficiency with which NPD technical activities are performed and the quality and risk associated with the development of new products. Our study focuses on new products developed by three major industries, namely medical devices, electrical equipment, and heavy construction equipment. Our research suggests that there is no difference in the quality or the risk associated with the development of new products across NPD entry strategies. We also found that new product quality was associated with the proficient performance of many NPD technical activities whereas risk was associated with the proficient performance of fewer NPD technical activities. We found that choice of NPD entry strategy mediates the relationship between new product quality and NPD technical activity proficiency. Unlike product quality, NPD entry strategy selection appears to mediate NPD risk minimally. Our study contributes to NPD knowledge and managerial decision making by pointing out that the technical activities performed during the early stages of the NPD process are important to the attainment of a quality product and positively, not negatively, associated with perceived NPD risk. Additionally, our study extends knowledge of the association between proficiently performed NPD technical activities and the resultant product quality and perceived risk felt when individual NPD entry strategies are implemented.     

The Impact of Organizational Integration and Product Development Proficiency on Market Success

This research investigates three major hypotheses important to new product market success: the greater organizational integration during the development of new products, the greater the market success; the greater organizational integration during the development of new products, the greater new product development proficiency; and the greater new product development proficiency, the greater the market success. “Organizational integration” is defined as the degree of cooperation and communication between internal and external NPD “support” groups and NPD teams. “NPD process proficiency” is defined as how well new product development stages and the new product development process as a whole is performed. “New product market success” is represented by four measures: the degree to which profits and sales exceeded or fell short of what was expected, and the degree to which the new product was perceived to exceed or fall short of expectations related to entering existing and new markets. Information was obtained concerning the most and least successful new products of U.S. firms in the medical instruments, the electrical equipment, and the heavy construction equipment industries. The field survey approach was utilized in which surveys were mailed to recipients such as new product development managers who already had been designated by executives of the sample firms. Several important findings were uncovered during this research. Overall organizational integration was found to be significantly associated with new product market success. Internal integration, the coordination between new product development teams and functional departments, was found to be significantly related to product market success. A significant relationship between new product development proficiency during the NPD “post-launch stage” and the degree of integration between an NPD team and external NPD organizations, such as customers and suppliers, was detected. During the post-launch stage, new product development proficiency also was found to be significantly related to new product market success. These findings suggest several important implications for new product development managers and scholars.     

FROM EXPERIENCE: Developing New Product Concepts Via the Lead User Method: A Case Study in a "Low-Tech" Field

Conventional market research methods do not work well in the instance of many industrial goods and services, and yet, accurate understanding of user need is essential for successful product innovation. Cornelius Herstatt and Eric von Hippel report on a successful field application of a "lead user" method for developing concepts for needed new products. This method is built around the idea that the richest understanding of needed new products is held by just a few users. It is possible to identify these "lead users" and then draw them into a process of joint development of new product concepts with manufacturer personnel. In the application described, the lead user method was found to be much faster than traditional ways of identifying promising new product concepts as well as less costly. It also was judged to provide better outcomes by the firm participating in the case. The article includes practical detail on the steps that were used to implement the method at Hilti AG, a leading manufacturer of products and materials used in construction.     

石油工业可靠性技术应用重点与范围的探讨

阐述了“实体”、“产品”、“质量”、“可靠性”四个术语的概念和定义.根据石油工业可靠性技术应用的基本情况,建议近期内将石油、石化工业可靠性工作的重点放在石油、石化工业产品和建设工程的可靠性应用研究方面.并提出应区分不同产品和不同建设工程项目分别考虑可靠性问题.     

Product variety and firm survival in the microcomputer software industry

This article provides an analysis of product variety and scope economies in the microcomputer software industry by using detailed firm‐level and product‐level information on firms' bundling of functionalities over application categories and computing platforms. We find that the management of product variety through the way different application categories are integrated in products and the platforms on which these products are offered can be as important as the significance of scope economies at the more aggregated firm level. Specifically, we find that there is little evidence of firm benefits from economies of scope in production, but there is substantial evidence that products benefit from economies of scope in consumption. In addition, we find that firms with products that encapsulate more application categories perform better, and those with products that cover more computing platforms perform worse. Finally, changes in product variety through new product introductions improve firm performance, but extensions to existing products hinder the performance of the firm and the product. We conclude that research in scope economies can benefit from a more detailed model of the evolution of product variety that includes data and analysis at the firm level and at the product level. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Estimating the final priority ratings of engineering characteristics in mature-period product improvement by MDBA and AHP

Quality function deployment (QFD) has been widely used to translate customer requirements (CRs) into engineering characteristics (ECs) in product improvement. Product planning house of quality (PPHOQ) is of fundamental and strategic importance in the QFD system. In the construction process of the PPHOQ of mature-period (MP) product, correctly estimating the final priority ratings of ECs is essential, because it will largely affect the target value of ECs for improvement. To exploit competitive information of MP products, this paper develops a comprehensive and systematic methodology to rate the final priority of ECs for MP product improvement. The proposed method is on the basis of maximal deviation based approach (MDBA) for dealing with the corporations' performance estimations of ECs, and it integrates AHP and scale method for analyzing the priority rating of achieving the improvement goal of performance evaluation (IGPE) of each EC. Finally, a case study is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

An experimental investigation of valuation change due to commonality in vertical product line extension

Commonality in product line design refers to using identical product features or modules in multiple products. The use of commonality in product line extensions is a growing practice in many industries. We consider vertical product line extensions to lower- and higher-end products, and study the effects of identical feature levels on consumers' evaluation of original products. Using a between-subject experimental design, we examine the effect of commonality using the bicycle as the example product. This experiment is then extended to eight different service and manufactured products. Results show that in many cases identical feature levels increase the perceived similarity between original and extension products. This influences the valuation of original products: valuation of the original low-end product increases while valuation of the original high-end product decreases. However, the amount of valuation change is not necessarily the same for the original low- and high-end products. This valuation change occurs regardless of buyers' knowledge level of the product and is sometimes moderated by a large difference in a differentiated feature.
This study suggests the importance of accounting for the demand-side effect of commonality in product design decisions. Change in customers' valuation may call for an adjustment in price—the price of a high-end product may have to be lowered due to valuation discount, and the price of a low-end product could be raised to take advantage of valuation premium. This change in valuation does not occur for every feature in every product. Therefore, by properly selecting the features that are identical, a firm may be able to take advantage of valuation premium without sacrificing valuation discount and enjoy the economies of scale in manufacturing and logistics due to commonality.     

Development of Novel Products Through Intraorganizational and Interorganizational Networks

The pendulum appears to be swinging away from the merger mania of the 1980s, with many leaner-and meaner organizations refocusing on their core competencies. However, these more focused organizations often lack the breadth of skills and expertise necessary for developing products and services which cut across traditional technological and marketing boundaries. Complex product systems such as those under development in the home automation industry include elements from such disparate sectors as consumer electronics, telecommunications, construction, and energy. A narrow focus may prevent the novel forms of innovation necessary for successful development of such products. Using the home automation industry as an example, Joe Tidd examines the challenges involved in the development of complex product systems. When products and services cut across traditional marketing and technological boundaries, radical innovation is difficult because different firms and industries are typically responsible for developing the various subsystems and components. Successful development efforts may require novel forms of innovation–for example, architectural innovation and technology fusion. Architectural innovation involves changes in the way the components of a product are linked together, but leaves the core design concepts untouched. Technology fusion creates new products and market opportunities through the blending of diverse technologies from various fields. Two organizational factors affect a firm's ability to develop and commercialize new products based on novel forms of innovation: the internal organization of the firm, and the firm's links with other organizations, including suppliers, customers, and networks of collaborating organizations. Within a firm, the development of complex product systems is likely to require managing across traditional product-division boundaries. The breadth of competencies required may necessitate strong interfirm linkages. Comparing organizational approaches and the networks of alliances for home automation in the United States, Europe, and Japan, it appears that European firms tend to be more narrowly focused then American and Japanese firms. A rigid focus on core competencies may cause these European firms to overlook the potential for new products. Because various technologies and industries are involved, open networks are more effective than closed networks or alliances. European and American firms tend to favor closed strategic alliances, while Japanese firms typically participate in open networks and overlapping consortia. This approach gives Japanese firms an edge in the home automation industry.