共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Jane N. O'Sullivan 《Economic Affairs》2012,32(1):31-37
While most analyses of economic impacts of population growth have been equivocal, this article describes a new perspective from which the effects are strongly negative. The economies and diseconomies of population size are largely circumstantial and empirically inconsistent, but those of growth rate are intrinsic and consistent. These impacts are not apparent on income and per capita GDP, but on costs. The article estimates these costs using the logic of calculus rather than marginal accounting. Specifically, the cost of maintaining per capita capacity of durable assets, including infrastructure, equipment and skilled personnel, is increased by population growth by a factor proportional to the working lifespan of the asset class. 相似文献
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Abstract. It is shown that the generalized negative binomial distribution which is useful in random walks, queueing theory and branching processes is unimodal. When nθ(1 –θ)β-1 > 1, the mode is not at the point x = 0 and for that case, the lower and the upper bounds of the mode are obtained. 相似文献
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Abstract. The unimodality property is very important in many statistical problems. In this paper, it is shown that the generalized Poisson distribution is unimodal. Upper and lower bounds to the mode are given. 相似文献
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Joel Schwartz 《Economic Affairs》2007,27(3):24-31
The American understanding of the causes of poverty has changed significantly since the War on Poverty was launched in 1964. It was then commonly believed that jobs were unavailable to the poor and that poverty should be reduced by doles. Today most observers contend that jobs are available for the poor, and that poverty stems from self-defeating behaviours that doles exacerbate. 相似文献
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Mark Bray 《Economic Affairs》2004,24(4):22-26
If the goal of achieving education for all is to be met consideration has to be given to how it is financed. States in which there is least primary education are often those with unstable governments and poor tax collection systems. In such circumstances, education for all is often best achieved by partnerships between governments, families and other bodies in both the provision and funding of education. 相似文献
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