我国城市网络研究的空间敏感性初探——以京津冀和长三角城市群为例

以企业分支机构为依据的城市网络分析框架是西方学者基于全球跨国企业机构组织与城市功能联系之间的关联性所演绎和发展出的产物。在我国特殊的城乡体系中,城市网络分析的基本单元"城市"是一个具有多重内涵的概念,由此产生了我国独有的城市网络分析中的空间敏感问题,即分析空间单元的尺度选择对城市网络研究的影响。通过对京津冀、长三角两个城市群2013年的企业空间数据,分别以设区市和县级政区为单元对其进行城市网络分析。分析结果表明,对于不同城镇结构特征的地区,对城市网络分析单元的空间敏感性是不同的。在微观经济相对发达,县级城市体系发育成熟的地区,城市网络分析对空间单元的敏感性较高,分析单元的尺度不同往往对分析结果产生较大影响;而在如京津冀等城市网络权力相对集中,县级城市体系发育不完善的区域,网络分析的空间敏感性则相对降低,分析单元的划分差异对分析结果的影响有限。     

新乡：加快土地利用方式转变

新乡市地处河南省北部，是中原经济区核心区城市，现辖12个县（市、区），总面积8249平方公里，总人口560万人，现有耕地681．8万亩，基本农田581．7万亩。     

构建中原经济区区域间合作机制的路径思考

《国务院关于支持河南省加快建设中原经济区的指导意见》(以下简称《指导意见》)指出,中原经济区要按照"核心带动、轴带发展、节点提升、对接周边"的原则,形成放射状、网络化空间开发格局。根据这一原则,结合区域经济的相关理论,笔者将中原经济区划分为核心区、结节区和周边区。核心区就是中原城市群覆盖的区域,以郑州为中心,包括洛阳、开封、新乡、焦作、许昌、平顶山、漯河、济源在内的城市密集区;外围区是河南省除中原城市群以外的其他地市;周边区指河南省周边的城     

河南省房地产投资增长与城市综合杠杆率关系的实证分析

中原经济区规划实施以来，河南省经济社会得到快速发展，它对中部崛起和完善全国区域布局发挥着重要的作用。河南省各城市经济的发展离不开房地产投资的增长，房地产投资从经济发展和负债增减两方面对城市经济产生影响，二者综合构成城市综合杠杆率。本文基于河南省2001—2020年时间序列数据，对河南省房地产投资增长与河南省城市综合杠杆率关系建立时间序列模型进行实证分析，研究结果表明，河南省城市综合杠杆率与河南省房地产投资增长呈现反向变动关系，房地产投资增长对河南省城市综合杠杆率的下降具有显著的促进作用。     

基于非参数检验的河南省城市发展效率实证研究

基于非参数DEA方法,以国民生产总值为输出变量,选取土地、人口、投资、交通、环境5大类12个指标作为输入变量,对河南省18个城市的发展效率进行计量分析。分析发现现:河南省城市的发展效率总体分布情况较好,中原城市群内城市发展效率明显优于非城市群城市,但是也存在进一步提升的空间。根据规模报酬特征,河南省各城市可以分为四种类型型,据此提出要根据各城市所属类型的不同,采取增加产出或减少要素投入等不同手段段,优化其发展效率化其发展效率,进一步促进城市整体发展。     

河南省产业竞争力评价与分析

文章采用因子分析法对河南省38个行业的竞争力进行了综合评价,结果表明河南省处于较快的工业化进程中,但河南省具有优势的产业仍集中于劳动密集型和资源密集型,支柱产业和重点发展产业的规模较小,产业集聚效应不明显。     

河南省城市物流综合实力评价

城市作为物流活动的集中地,城市物流的发展对区域经济的发展具有强大的辐射作用。文中根据河南省物流发展现状,选取了13个评价指标,运用主成分分析法对河南省18个城市物流发展水平进行了综合评价,指出存在的问题并提出建议。     

城市公共服务设施空间分布分异调查——以广州市为例

社会经济体制综合转型以来,市场机制逐步取代行政命令成为我国城市公共服务设施配置的主体方式,其空间分布形态也由空间均衡趋向社会分异。以广州市为例,基于3954份有效问卷和城市公共服务设施专项调查数据,对城市公共服务设施的空间分布进行了社会生态学分析。研究结果表明,广州城市公共服务设施空间分布的社会分异特征显著,中心城区116个街镇单元可以划分为6个类型,不同阶层社会群体居住单元的公共服务设施配套及可达性存在显著差异;受旧城区社会经济持续繁荣及历史沉积效应影响,社区地位与城市公共服务设施供给及可达性之间呈非完全一致性,体现出类似西方国家城市公共资源配置过程中的"城市生态法则"的作用特征。     

全国中小城市发展研讨会暨中国城科会小城市委员会第八次年会纪要

全国中小城市发展研讨会暨中国城科会小城市委员会第八次年会纪要全国中小城市发展研讨会暨中国城科会小城市委员会第八次年会于１９９７年９月２３日至２６日在河南省巩义市召开。来自全国２１个省（区）、直辖市的７３个城市、１９个有关单位的２３４位正式代表参加会议...     

河南城镇化水平的演化趋势及政策分析

中原经济区建设实施的是以新型城镇化为引领的"三化"协调发展战略。运用灰色系统模型来实证分析河南省城镇化水平的演化趋势及其影响因素。结果表明:河南省城镇化水平与全国平均水平相比存在先扩大后缩小的演化趋势;2017年城镇化水平超过50%,开始进入城市社会;到2020年,城镇化率预计将达到58.62%,虽然与同期的全国平均水平相比差距有所缩小,但仍落后全国平均水平7.5个百分点;在河南省城镇化发展的影响因素中,第三产业对城镇化发展的影响最大,其次为市场化水平,工业化、全球化和城乡差距对河南省的城镇化发展的影响也较大;农业现代化和信息化水平落后是河南省城镇化发展的制约因素。     

利用城市流强度划分中心城市规模等级体系--以江西省为例

利用计算城市流强度的方法来划分江西省中心城市规模等级体系,得出江西省中心城市规模等级体系中的四个层次的城市,通过计算对划分结果的分析,证实利用城市流强度来划分城市规模等级体系是一种切实有效的科学方法.     

The performance of coal-burning electric generating units in the United States: 1960–1980

This paper studies determinants of the thermal efficiency and reliability of coal-burning electric generating units using a new, comprehensive, unbalanced panel data set. For two major technological groups consistent and efficient estimates are obtained of the effects of unit age, vintage, scale, operating practices, and coal quality. Large utilities integrated into design and engineering appear to obtain superior unit performance. Implications of our results for life-cycle generation costs, regulators' performance norms, and the complex pattern of technological change in this industry are discussed.     

The scale of hospital production in different settings: one size does not fit all

This paper analyses the productive efficiency of 141 public hospitals from 1998 to 2004 in two Canadian provinces; one a small province with a few small cities and a generally more rural population and the other a large province that is more urban in nature, with a population who mainly live in large cities. The relative efficiencies of the hospitals, the changes in productivity during this time period, and the relationship between efficiency and the size or scale of the hospitals are investigated using data envelopment analysis. The models for the production of health care use case mix adjusted hospital discharges as the output, and nursing hours as inputs. We find clear differences between the two provinces. Making use of ‘own’ and ‘meta’ technical efficiency frontiers, we demonstrate that efficient units in the larger and more urban province are larger than non-efficient units in that province. However, efficient hospitals in the smaller and more rural province are smaller than non-efficient hospitals in that province. Overall, efficient hospitals in the larger more urban province are larger than efficient hospitals in the smaller more rural province. This has interesting policy implications—different hospitals may have different optimal sizes, or different efficient modes of operation, depending on location, the population they serve, and the policies their respective provincial governments wish to implement. In addition, there are lessons to be learned by comparing the hospitals across the two provinces, since the inefficient hospitals in the small rural province predominantly use hospitals from the large urban province as benchmarks, such that substantially larger improvement potential can be identified by inter-provincial rather than intra-provincial benchmarking analysis.     

An Integrated Assessment of Productivity and Efficiency Impacts of Information Technology Investments: Old Data,New Analysis and Evidence

We reexamine the Information Technology (IT) productivity paradox from the standpoints of theoretical basis, measurement issues and potential inefficiency in IT management. Two key objectives are: (i) to develop an integrated microeconomic framework for IT productivity and efficiency assessment using developments in production economics, and (ii) to apply the framework to a dataset used in prior research with mixed results to obtain new evidence regarding IT contribution. Using a stochastic frontier with a production economics framework involving the behavioral assumptions of profit maximization and cost minimization, we obtain a unified basis to assess both productivity and efficiency impacts of IT investments. The integrated framework is applied to a manufacturing database spanning 1978–1984. While previous productivity research with this dataset found mixed results regarding the contribution from IT capital, we show the negative marginal contribution of IT found in an important prior study is attributable primarily to the choices of the IT deflator and modeling technique. Further, by ignoring the potential inefficiency in IT investment and management, studies that have reported positive results may have significantly underestimated the true contribution of IT. This positive impact of IT is consistent across multiple model specifications, estimation techniques and capitalization methods. The stochastic production frontier analysis shows that while there were significant technical, allocative and scale inefficiencies, the inefficiencies reduced with an increase in the IT intensity. Given that the organizational units in our sample increased their IT intensity during the time period covered by the study, management was taking a step in the right direction by increasing the IT share of capital inputs. Our results add to a small body of MIS literature which reports significant positive returns from IT investments.     

基于时序遥感影像的城市规模扩张研究——以重庆主城为例

本文通过对城市规模的概念介绍,以及检测城市规模使用的技术方法,本文主要是利用1988,1996,2001,2007四年的TM时序遥感影像,对重庆主城区的城市规模扩展进行了监测,分析了自1988-2007年该区域用地规模的动态变化过程及时空特征。同时还对重庆城市用地的规模检测的结果进行了评价。评价结果表明,近二十年来,重庆主城区城市规模扩展迅速,并先后经历了"向西扩展"和"向北扩张"的两个阶段。     

Is population scale a worthless surrogate for business agglomeration economies?

Carlino argues that population scale has a negative effect on productivity because it is a diseconomy rather than an economy of agglomeration. This study arrives at different conclusions. After critiquing Carlino's arguments, empirical cross-sectional productivity equations show that capital intensity accounts for much of the urban productivity advantage. Measures of business services, localization effects, congestion, infrastructure, and labor quality are then included in the equations. These variables generally have the expected effect on productivity and are frequently significant. Nevertheless, population scale continues to have a positive effect in five industries; it develops a negative effect in only one.     

Engineering the Financialization of Urban Entrpreneurialism: The JESSICA Urban Development Initiative in the European Union

Urban entrepreneurialism and neoliberal urban governance are assuming new forms under finance‐dominated accumulation. We examine and contribute to theorizing the mechanisms through which urban governance is financialized, taking as a case study JESSICA, one of the European Union's initiatives to implement an ‘urban sensitive’ policy for sustainable and integrated development. Like other initiatives promoting financialization, JESSICA deploys the logic of finance to select and fund urban social initiatives and development projects on the basis of their potential return on investment (ROI). Understanding this process requires placing questions of political economy—how urban governance is shaped by the broader political‐economic context—with questions of governmentality—how stakeholders are enrolled in and come to take for granted new governance initiatives. Following the multi‐scalar institutional infrastructure is crucial to understanding how this works. Taking a relational multi‐scalar approach, we trace how changes at the supranational scale filter down to shape urban policy selection and performance in Sofia, Bulgaria, where we document how ROI calculations conflict with social welfare priorities. Contrasts between the trajectory of financialization of urban governance in the European Union and the United States demonstrate how this is geographically variegated, shaped by the broader context/conjuncture within which such financialization is embedded.     

Product differentiation,monopolistic competition and city size

Traditionally, the formation of cities has been explained by such supply-side phenomena as scale economies in production or such demand-side phenomena as public goods. This paper presents an integrated demand and supply approach to the formation of cities in spatial economy. Demand considerations, in the form of consumer agglomeration economies (i.e., product variety), are presented as a major cause of urban agglomeration. On the supply side, scale economies are introduced. Both aspects are examined by using the Dixit-Stiglitz model of monopolistic competition to characterize the equilibrium and optimum city size. We also discuss a subsidy scheme that produces an equilibrium city size corresponding to a first-best optimum. Then we analyze the distribution of population in a system of two cities.     

深化城乡规划编制改革与构建和谐城市

城乡规划编制需要研究城乡和谐、人与城市环境的和谐、城市内部各种利益群体的和谐.在我国城市快速发展过程中,面临着资源环境问题、城市外延扩张与质量提升不协调问题、城市社会问题等.通过在城乡规划编制中对这些城市问题的研究,使城乡规划成为构建和谐城市的重要手段和途径.     

我国主要城市群的城市流动态比较

城市流描述了城市的基本活动,反映城市的对外服务职能,而城市流强度则是定量描述城市流的重要指标之一。通过对我国15个主要城市群城市流强度与结构的分析,从城市流视角探讨我国城市群对外服务功能空间分布特征及其增长情况。结果表明,京津唐城市群、长三角城市群和珠三角城市群为高城市流强度中心,是城市群外向服务能力和城市群综合实力最强的三个城市群,且国内较高城市流强度的城市群基本都分布于沿海和沿江的经济地带内;此外,城市群外部贡献率的高低也是城市群演化发展的内在动力之一。