Return Migration from Nineteenth Century Australia: Key Drivers and Gender Differences

This paper sheds new light on return migration from Australia to the UK in the latter nineteenth century. It uses data from shipping records, and from a random sample of the 23,000 Australian‐born in the 1911 Census of England and Wales. Based on these sources, it estimates some 20% of migrants to Australia returned: higher among the wealthy, but still 12% of semi‐ and unskilled working class migrants returned. There was a preponderance of women among returnees. From that, and other evidence such as the geographic spread of returnees across England, the paper argues that social networks played critical roles in decisions to return.     

创业政策与创业支持：基于系统优化的视角

创业型社会,无论是个人、社会还是政府都是创业者。个人创业是创造财富;社会创业是形成创业支持能力和实践支持行为;政府创业是组织和引导社会构建创业支持系统。创业环境、创业政策、创业支持系统,三者既有联系又有区别。创业政策和创业支持系统都属于创业环境的范畴,创业政策要解决的关键问题是创业支持,创业支持构成创业环境研究的核心内容。政府是建设创业型社会的第一创业者,政府在创业中的职责是建设创业支持系统。各级政府创业支持的侧重点不同。乡镇是我国政府的终端,要把乡镇建设成各种创业支持的聚集点和创业支持实现的扩散源,这是我国实施以创业带动就业战略和实现创业型社会的关键。     

数字普惠金融对农户创业行为的影响

利用面板数据模型阐释数字普惠金融对资源获取、人力资本培训和区域经济增长的功能效应,分析数字普惠金融对农民创业行为的动态影响。结果表明：数字普惠金融总指数对农户创业决策具有显著的激励作用,3个细分指标中覆盖广度的作用最为明显。异质性分析结果揭示了在数字普惠金融发展更完善的东中部地区,数字普惠金融的创业存在显著促进作用,对农户创业规模的正向影响更为明显。最后根据结论提出政策建议。     

Determinants of return migration intentions: Evidence from Zimbabwean migrants living in South Africa

This paper uses a dataset of Zimbabwean migrants living in South Africa to examine the determinants of the probability of their returning to their country of origin. It analyses migrants' return migration intentions using a logistic regression that examines 10 demographic and socioeconomic factors. Six factors – reason for migrating, the number of dependants supported in the home country, the level of education, economic activity in the host country, the level of income and the duration of stay in the host country – are found to be statistically significant determinants of the return migration intentions. The main policy implication of these findings is that the chances of attracting back skills are high if political and economic stability can be achieved.     

创业团队异质性对创业绩效的影响--基于对七省市264家创业企业的调研分析

团队创业比个人创业更具优势,成功机率更大。在组建团队过程中,选择具有异质性特征的成员能够形成互补优势,提升创业企业应对风险的能力,促进创业绩效,但也有学者指出,创业团队异质性不能直接转化为生产力。为解决创业团队异质性对绩效影响机制的“黑箱”,文章引入团队氛围变量,通过对264家创业企业的实证研究证明了创业团队异质性一方面对创业绩效具有直接的正向影响,另一方面通过作用于团队氛围对绩效具有间接的正向影响,有效地破解了“黑箱”的内容。     

Leaders and Tenures in Sub-Saharan Africa

While there has been extensive evidence provided on the varying effects of leaders’ extended tenures on economic growth, political institutions and conflict, little attention in the empirical literature has been given to the determinants that may contribute to long tenures. Without being cognisant of these underlying factors, any efforts aimed at limiting tenures to progress economic development and democratic institutions will have little effect, as evidenced by several leaders’ attempts to subvert constitutional laws in this regard. Using panel data analysis for sub-Saharan African countries between 1960 and 2015, this study looks at the likely determinants (both at individual and country level) that can increase or decrease political survival. The preliminary results suggest that at an individual level, the leader’s age, political career and rebel experience increase the likelihood of extended tenure, while the leader’s education reduces the probability of extended tenure. At a country level, the country’s wealth is likely to increase tenures, while increased conflict and strong institutions decrease a leader’s tenure.     

创业失败情境下的反事实思维研究框架构建

反事实思维帮助个体分析和解构过去以便更好理解现在,并且为未来行为和事件做准备。创业失败意味着创业实际结果与创业者预期结果或目标偏离,这种偏差能够刺激、激发创业者进行反事实思维。在综述心理学和创业领域内反事实思维研究基础上,从主、客观两方面论证创业者特征、创业失败事件与失败后反事实思维关系,并且讨论了反事实思维对创业者失败后恢复和学习的作用机制,构建理论框架基础上提出未来研究展望。"双创"背景下分析创业失败后创业者的认知和思维,有助于理解从失败中恢复和学习的机制,训练创业者从失败中学习的技巧和策略,对于创业者本人和整个社会都具有重要现实意义和价值。     

Migration and household investment in rural China

In this paper, we demonstrate how household investment is affected by participation in migration in rural China. We both describe investment patterns across different regions of China and by households with different experiences with migration. We then describe a set of hypotheses about the relationship between migration and investment, and test the hypotheses using household data that we collected in rural China in 2000. We find that in areas with median incomes that are more than twice the poverty line, migration is associated with investment in housing and other consumer durables that is 20% higher than the average. We find no evidence of a link between migration and productive investment.     

创业文化氛围对农村劳动力创业选择的影响机制——基于福建沙县的实证

以福建沙县农村劳动力创业选择为例,采用Logit模型分析了创业文化氛围对农村劳动力创业选择的影响机制。结果表明,创业文化氛围对农村劳动力创业选择有影响,其中创业自我效能在创业文化氛围———农村劳动力创业选择关系中起部分中介作用。最后,提出培育创业文化氛围的政策建议。     

Maternal education and child health outcomes in South Africa: A panel data analysis

This study empirically assesses the relationship between mothers’ education and child health using continuous and binary proxies of child health outcomes. A panel, using four waves of the National Income Dynamic Study and a battery of estimation techniques, was employed. The results suggest that maternal education plays a large and significant role in explaining child health outcomes in South Africa. Our results also suggest that maternal education is relevant in respect to stunted growth (stunting). However, the effects of maternal education vary along races, implying levels of inequality. The effects are stronger in the black and coloured populations, possibly due to educational deficits. This suggests a need in improving the educational opportunities for these groups. We suggest that maternal education can significantly contribute to reducing the high degree of inequality in South Africa.     

晋狮企业家群体文化特质的形成与演化研究

在总结晋狮企业家群体文化表征及其形成的历史诱因基础上,进而对集群化背景下晋狮企业家群体文化的局限性及其演化进行了分析,最后得出了如下结论与启示:企业家群体文化是促进区域产业形成与发展的文化资本;企业家群体文化是评价区域企业家资源禀赋的重要标志;由群体文化构成的企业家内生性环境是产业区得以形成的集聚机制平台;企业家群体文化需要在新的机制中扬长避短,整合重塑。     

后金融危机时代创业型经济发展与中小企业战略转型研究

创业型经济是后金融危机时代中国经济发展的战略导向,中小企业是创业型经济的重要载体。创业型经济发展要求中小企业必须进一步提高自主创新能力、增强可持续发展能力和调整产业方向。文章认为,后金融危机时代,中小企业转型必须履行更大的社会责任,通过技术创新推动企业由要素驱动转向创新驱动,具体战略上由低成本化转向高质量化、单独分散竞争转向联盟竞合、多元化转向专业化。