食品安全事件下考虑消费者风险偏好的供应链定价决策

针对当前研究较少考虑到食品安全事件下消费者具有风险偏好行为的供应链定价问题的现状,构建了食品安全事件下消费者风险规避的效用函数。运用Stackelberg博弈逆序求解法,求解食品安全事件曝光后不同模式下供应链的最优决策,并分析消费者估值、制造商质量努力成本和消费者风险规避度等参数对供应链最优决策及利润的影响。结果表明:消费者估值越大,供应链利润也越大;消费者的风险规避行为会给供应链带来不利影响;过高的质量努力成本,会使需求量和供应链利润下降;采取集中决策模式对供应链的整体收益更加有利。     

预售模式下考虑消费者参照价格效应的生鲜电商定价与订购联合决策

以现实生鲜电商预售模式为背景,研究考虑消费者参照价格效应的生鲜产品定价与订购联合决策问题。首先分别构建消费者为损失中性和损失厌恶两种情境下的决策模型,证明最优解的存在性和唯一性,假设需求受产品价格和参照价格共同影响,其中参照价格与产品不同时期的价格相关。最后设计了问题的迭代求解算法并进行数值算例分析。结果表明：消费者的参照价格效应对零售商的利润以及定价和订货策略存在显著影响,当市场上存在较多损失厌恶型消费者时,商家应谨慎采取预售策略;预售策略的实施可以有效降低库存风险,产品预售折扣的减小将使订货周期和订货量先减少后增加,并使平均利润的增速逐渐放缓。     

易逝品价值衰减对动态定价影响研究

消费者对部分易逝品感知风险会随时间提高,感知价值也随之衰减。本文基于消费者感知价值衰减建立连续和离散时间的动态定价模型以研究消费者感知价值衰减对动态定价和厂商期望收益的影响,并以连续时间模型为基准评价离散定价次数对期望收益的影响。数值算例表明,消费者感知价值衰减时,即使采取相应的最优策略,厂商期望收益下降幅度仍然可能达到30％,而如果厂商忽略消费者感知价值衰减,其损失可能高达60％。     

卖方垄断市场结构下的价格管制研究

以价格自由和信息不对称下,垄断厂商的最优销售合同为基准,研究存在价格管制和信息不对称时,垄断厂商的最优销售合同。通过比较价格管制与价格自由两种情况下,垄断厂商最优销售合同及不同类型消费者剩余,发现不同的价格管制不影响垄断厂商的最优销售量和销售客户的决策,但影响不同类型消费者的剩余,产生不同的经济后果。提出政府应根据垄断厂商的定价策略进行相机价格管制的思想。     

基于成本补偿的水权定价模型研究

为缓解水资源短缺危机,我国开始尝试水权交易,但在交易中存在价格扭曲的现象,挫伤农民节水积极性。因此,解决水权交易中的价格问题意义重大。结合我国水权和水权交易性质,提出水权定价的原则,分析水权交易涉及的各种成本,主要包括工程成本、风险补偿成本、生态补偿成本和经济补偿成本。在此基础上,采用完全成本法进行水权定价,并且区分水权交易期限不大于节(输)水工程的使用寿命与交易期限大于节(输)水工程的使用寿命两种情况讨论,给出水权定价模型。为水权交易中的价格制定提供理论基础和方法,有利于水权市场的完善和水资源的高效利用。     

企业定价策略的分析与应用

企业定价策略是指企业在充分考虑影响企业定价的内外部因素的基础上，为达到企业预定的定价目标而采取的价格策略。制定科学合理的定价策略，不但要求企业对成本进行核算、分析、控制和预测，而且要求企业根据市场结构、市场供求、消费者心理及竞争状况等因素作出判断与选择，价格策略选择的是否恰当，是影响企业定价目标的重要因素。     

双边平台型信息产品企业版本划分策略研究

新兴的信息产品市场大多是双边市场,其中企业进行竞争时如何利用信息产品特性和市场双边特性,对产品质量和双边定价进行决策,运用纵向差异化策略达到最优收益,是双边平台型信息产品企业面对的重要问题。结合双边市场理论与版本划分理论,建立博弈模型,分析双边信息产品市场内平台型企业竞争的最优双边定价和产品版本划分的具体质量。结果显示:企业产品定价受产品组合质量差异的影响,对卖家定价由市场情况决定;企业提高付费产品质量可以提高收益,此时免费产品质量应根据市场双边特性强度进行调整;市场双边特性显著时企业免费产品质量应降低以提高收益,反之亦然;企业产品质量决策保证了双边规模和上游收益,下游收益则受市场双边特性强弱影响,市场双边特性显著时,平台付费产品价格和付费消费者规模提高,下游收益和总收益提高。     

自助式定价商品营销策略的均衡及非均衡状态研究

本文研究了在期望收益最大化目标下自助式商品的定价和营销策略。综合考虑两种基本的营销策略,即付出一定的沉淀成本和降价,从消费者在不同营销策略下的选择行为出发,研究了均衡市场和非均衡市场下两种策略的收益情况,有助于厂商选取正确的营销方式。研究表明:在均衡市场下,影响收益的分别是客流量和纯利润;而在非均衡市场下,概率弹性较大时付出沉淀成本的策略有效,而降价的策略在任何概率弹性下都是无效的。最后提出了自助餐市场应依据客流量决定是否付出沉淀成本等建议。     

浅析奥运会门票定价的经济学依据及其销售策略

本文运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法和数学模型法对奥运会门票的定价策略进行研究。结果显示:门票定价应首先考虑市场的供给、需求关系。为了剥夺消费者剩余、吸引潜在观众,以获得额外利润,奥组委通常采取价格歧视策略。建议:借鉴历届奥运会及其重大国际比赛的门票定价经验,认真研究世界各地的消费者特征,科学的预测消费者的需求曲线,合理运用价格歧视策略及营销方法,以确保北京奥运会门票收入。     

考虑性价比的新产品预售定价决策研究

本文通过企业自身收益最大化模型,研究了两阶段新产品预售定价问题。模型中考虑了购买产品时产生的搜索成本,在不同消费者估值的情况下,从性价比的角度讨论了消费者购买决策及卖家在预售和零售两阶段的最优价格决策,研究发现消费者的购买决策不是只受消费者估值影响还受性价比影响。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.