当前国际企业社会责任投资发展趋势及对我国的启示

近来，不少细心的企业在沃尔玛中国的网站上发现：申请成为沃尔玛的供应商必须先填申请表，只有达到沃尔玛制定的企业社会责任标准．才有机会取得订单，成为它的合作伙伴。据了解，近年来，世界各种劳工组织、人权组织等非政府组织联合各大跨国公司一起制定了不少社会责任守则和认证标准，其中影响较大的有SA800、FLA、ETI、ICTI、WRAP、OHSAS1800等一系列标准。可见，企业社会责任投资已倍受关注。须引起我国企业高度重视。[编按]     

企业，担起你的社会责任!——从SA8000引出的社会责任话题

SA8000即企业社会责任标准，其宗旨是“赋予市场经济以人道主义”，强调企业在赚取利润时要承担起保护劳工权益的社会责任。从SA8000引发的企业社会责任话题近期引起了企业界的广泛关注。     

浙商履行社会责任得到国际社会承认——王水福亮相世界劳工大会

2007年5月30日-6月15日，第96届世界劳工大会在瑞士日内瓦万国宫隆重举行。本次大会讨论了提高劳动领域三方（政府、工人、雇主）能力建设，推动企业的可持续发展，尊重工人权益，创造政府、雇主、工人的三赢模式、企业社会责任、“体面劳动”等议题。[第一段]     

企业社会责任视角下的劳工权益保护

以劳工运动、消费者运动和环境保护运动为主要力量推动的企业社会责任运动逐渐伴随着经济的全球化而跨越国界,发展成为全球性的运动。虽然,我国一直很重视劳工权益的保护,但是不可否认,由于社会和经济发展阶段的制约,在这方面做得不尽如人意。企业社会责任运动在中国的发展,必将推动劳工权益保护的落实和完善。     

国际企业社会责任与我国劳动者权利保护

本文认为,中国在成为“世界工厂”的同时,劳工问题也日益突出,并被国际社会所关注。目前我国企业在社会责任方面存在的问题,集中表现在侵害劳动者合法权益现象严重,如签订劳动合同的比率很低,劳动者的经济利益得不到保障,劳动条件恶劣、劳动安全问题严重,不支付加班工资,劳动者的生存权受到侵害等。文章提出,为维护劳动者权益,第一,要在全国范围内推行以签订劳动合同为基础的劳动用工登记制度。第二,各级政府和部门要加大执法力度,严厉查处拒不执行最低工资规定的用人单位。第三,劳动保障部门要加强对劳动定额标准的管理,建立和完善日常监察制度。第四,加快社会保障制度建设,抓紧解决进城务工人员参保问题。第五,要加快制订《劳动合同法》、《社会保险法》、《劳动争议处理法》、《就业促进法等法律》,修改完善《劳动法》。     

树立人本理念 深化企业的社会责任

在现代社会,公司在谋求利益最大化同时还要承担一定的社会责任,否则就会受到市场和消费者的抵制。而且,随着时代的发展,承担社会责任已成为企业的基本义务之一。坚持以人为本,维护本企业职工的基本权利,这是社会责任的基本要求。同时,企业社会责任的履行,也是以人为本的管理理念的内在要求。树立以人为本的理念,将个人作为企业的最重要生产要素,积极加强对劳工权益的保护,使本企业的产品不违背道德的要求,是企业承担社会责任的内在的动力。     

企业社会责任:跨国公司全球化战略对我国企业的挑战

企业社会责任,是指在经济全球化背景下企业对其自身经济行为的道德约束,对于我国企业而言,它已经不仅仅是某种宗旨、经营理念、乃至管理评估体系的问题,更是应对跨国公司排挤和挑战的重要手段。     

SA8000社会责任标准认证及其对我国企业的影响

SA8000社会责任标准认证,兴起于20世纪80年代欧美国家。它既是企业的宗旨和经营理念,又是约束企业生产经营行为的一套管理和评估体系。它改变了企业只把赚取利润作为唯一目标的传统理念,强调企业在生产过程中对人,对社会的关注。我国企业对在对社会责任的认识及履行方面有许多不尽如人意的现象。在SA8000认证得推动下,如果我国企业都能切实行动起来自觉履行社会责任,将会对我国经济的持续性发展与社会和谐进步起着非常重要的推动作用。     

我国企业社会责任发展历程及存在问题

全球企业社会责任运动的发展已经进入了一个新的阶段,企业社会责任已经成为我国企业参与国际竞争的重要影响因素.我国企业社会责任经历了几个阶段的发展,但真正意义上的企业社会责任还是近年来才得以快速发展.目前我国企业界的社会责任活动整体上处于起步阶段,存在诸多问题亟待解决.     

我国企业社会责任探究

随着中国经济的快速发展与社会地位的不断提高,我国企业在国际国内的市场影响力日益扩大,我国企业为推动中国经济的发展起到了不可磨灭的作用。企业拥有良好的社会责任意识,自觉履行应该承担的社会责任,不仅可以提升企业的整体形象,加速企业的成长发展历程,更有利于企业的健康可持续发展。在激烈的市场竞争中,企业在经济领域的责任表现极佳,但在社会责任的承担上,依然存在许多的不足。文章通过对现存的企业责任问题进行研究,在总结各方经验、详细分析的基础上,提出了一系列改进方法与提升措施。     

企业的社会责任

本文认为,企业的社会责任应从三个方面来认识。第一,企业最重要的社会责任是为社会提供优质的产品、优质的服务,出人才、出经验。如果企业能够给社会提供优质的产品,我们的产品就能走向全世界;能够提供优质的服务,我们就能吸引各国的客户到这里来;能够出人才,我们的企业管理人才就将通过自己的企业培养出来;能够出经验,我们这个经验就能够为其他企业所用。第二,企业必须重视经济增长的质量。在经济增长的同时,至少把自己的废水、废气、废渣处理了,减少企业所在地区的污染,改善环境。第三,企业要为社会的和谐作出贡献。不但要关心自己企业的职工,还要关心所在的社区。互助、互爱、互信,社会才能取得和谐。     

Assessing Arms Makers’ Corporate Social Responsibility

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a focal point for research aimed at extending business ethics to extra-corporate issues; and as a result many companies now seek to at least appear dedicated to one or another version of CSR. This has not affected the arms industry, however. For, this industry has not been discussed in CSR literature, perhaps because few CSR scholars have questioned this industry’s privileged status as an instrument of national sovereignty. But major changes in the organization of political communities call traditional views of sovereignty into question. With these considerations in mind I assess the U.S. arms industry on the basis of CSR requirements regarding the environment, social equity, profitability, and use of political power. I find that this industry fails to meet any of these four CSR requirements. Countering a claim that these failings should not be held against arms manufacturers because their products are crucial to national defense, I contend that many of these companies function not as dutiful agents of a nation-state but as politically powerful entities in their own right. So, I conclude, they should be held responsible for the foreseeable consequences that flow from use of their products. This responsibility should include civil liability and, in cases involving war crimes and violations of human rights, responsibility under international human rights standards. Edmund F. Byrne is emeritus professor of philosophy, Indiana University, and a section editor and sometime contributor to the Journal of Business Ethics. His specialties: philosophy of work and social and political philosophy. Recent publications in the former field include “Work” in the Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Ethics, and in the latter field three articles that examine the US government's unpublicized geopolitical motives for its military action in the Middle East. An erratum to this article can be found at     

企业社会责任风险管理研究

企业面临着越来越多来自利益相关的压力．分析了企业由于承担的社会责任不合理所导致的社会责任风险,介绍了企业进行社会责任风险管理的一般流程,希望通过本文引起对社会责任风险研究的重视。     

Corporate Social Responsibility and the Social Enterprise

In this article, we contend that due to their size and emphasis upon addressing external social concerns, the corporate relationship between social enterprises, social awareness and action is more complex than whether or not these organisations engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR). This includes organisations that place less emphasis on CSR as well as other organisations that may be very proficient in CSR initiatives, but are less successful in recording practices. In this context, we identify a number of internal CSR markers that may be applied to measuring the extent to which internal CSR practices are being observed. These considerations may be contrasted with the evidence that community based CSR activities is often well developed in private sector small to medium sized enterprises (SMEs) (Observatory of European SMEs, 2002), a situation which may be replicated in social enterprises especially those that have grown from micro-enterprises embedded in local communities. We place particular emphasis upon the implications for employee management. Underpinning our position is the Aristotelian-informed capabilities approach, a theory of human development and quality of life, developed by Sen (1992; 1999) and Nussbaum (1999) which has been developed further, in an organisational context, (e.g., Cornelius, 2002); Cornelius and Gagnon, 2004; Gagnon and Cornelius, 1999; Vogt, 2005. We contend that the capabilities approach offers additional insights into CSR in social enterprises in general and internal CSR activity in particular. Our article concludes with proposals for future research initiatives and reflections upon social enterprise development from a capabilities perspective.     

中小企业对员工履行社会责任的现状与相关因素分析——以湖北省为例

近些年来,湖北的中小企业在履行员工社会责任方面作出了积极的努力,但在工资保障、劳动时间、工作场所健康与安全、劳动合同签订、工会组织建设等方面仍然存在诸多问题．而企业外部促推力不足是导致湖北中小企业对员工的社会责任履行度低的关键性因素。作为“两型社会”改革试验的参与者,湖北中小企业应主动承担起建设和谐社会的重任,主动对员工履行社会责任,谋求劳资关系和谐。     

FDI与外国公司在华社会责任

近年来,外国直接投资(FDI)在华投资数额逐年递增。然而,外国公司在我国经营时却屡屡出现诸如肆意污染环境、浪费资源、侵害中国劳工权利等不负责任的行为。本文在简要回顾我国FDI的发展情况,介绍国外兴起企业社会责任运动的缘由和概况的基础上,就外国公司在华未履行社会责任的事实进行揭示,并就外国公司在华未履行社会责任的后果以及同样不利于其自身在华的发展进行阐述,提出在华外国公司应主动承担社会责任。最后,强调我国政府在促进外国公司社会责任履行中的作用。     

International business and human rights: A research agenda

The discussion on business responsibilities for human rights is thriving – although, surprisingly, predominantly outside of the International Business (IB) field. This article introduces business and human rights (BHR) as a research area with great potential for IB scholars. IB scholarship has much to offer when it comes to better understanding the relation between multinational enterprises (MNEs) and human rights. BHR, on the other hand, is a field that can no longer be ignored by IB research if the field is to remain at the forefront of scholarship in globalization-related issues concerning MNEs. Therefore, this perspective article aims at providing guidance to IB scholars interested in engaging in BHR research by tracing common themes and overlaps, and outlining a research agenda that addresses some of the research gaps and open questions in both fields.     

Practical Implications of Educational Background on Future Corporate Exceutives' Social Responsibility Orientation

Differences between business students atsecular and non-secular universities withregard to their corporate social responsibilityorientation (CSRO) are examined. The resultsshow that the two groups' attitudes toward thefour components of CSRO are significantlydifferent. Specifically, compared to businessstudents in non-secular institutions, thestudents of secular universities exhibitgreater concern about the legal component ofcorporate responsibility and a weakerorientation toward discretionary activities. Nosignificant differences between the two groupswere observed with respect to economicperformance and the ethical dimension.Explanations as well as limited generalizationsand implications are developed.     

我国企业社会责任现状分析及其对策

从我国企业社会责任的现状出发,参照SA8000国际标准,分析我国企业在承担社会责任方面存在的诸多问题及其产生的深刻原因,并提出尽快改变我国企业社会责任不良现状的对策及建议,使企业在取得合法利益的同时积极承担社会责任,以适应现代企业发展的需要。