是什么因素导致了香皂质量不合格

香皂是广大消费者用于清洁皮肤的洗涤用品，国家质检总局近期对香皂产品质量进行了国家监督抽查，抽样合格率为75％，抽查中发现的主要问题是总游离碱、乙醇不溶物、氯化物之和含量及水不溶物含量超标、干皂含量达不到标准要求。     

为生活点染春色——记昆明天天洗涤公司

从一般的洗涤机械设备到门类齐全、设备先进、技术性强的大型洗涤企业；从一个洗衣店到二十三个连锁店；从一个普通的洗涤企业到名列全国十佳洗涤企业之首，中国商业联合会把“昆明天天洗涤有限公司”称为“实打实奋进的洗涤业”。“全国十佳”，对于“天天洗涤公司”来说是一个可喜可贺的奇迹，但却应了“梅花香自苦寒来”这句话，中国民营企业走过或要走的路，想过或要想的事，经过或没经过的坎，他们大多已经经历过了。     

洗涤业服务缺乏质量标准

统计显示，目前我省现有洗衣洗涤企业已有400多家，而全省宾馆、洗衣房及医院洗涤中心近千家，还有约1万多家大大小小的洗衣店遍布全省，从业人员已达10多万人，全省的洗衣洗涤行业的营业额高达17个亿。但在这看似蓬勃的市场背后，却隐藏着令人担忧的一面。据了解，广州     

优化操作改善洗涤运行效果

多年来,山西焦化股份有限公司化产车间焦油蒸馏装置洗涤系统的生产情况一直不理想,特别是焦油蒸馏装置扩容改造后,年加工焦油超过5万吨,随着处理能力的增加,洗涤系统的问题表现的更加突出。本文分析了洗涤系统存在的瓶颈问题,指出了通过优化操作改善习题运行效果的对策。     

洗涤用品：无磷变迁的迷雾

洗涤用品到底对人体有没有危害，是人们一直关心的问题。由于我国早期在制造洗涤用品所制定的国家标准偏低，许多洗涤剂含有大量磷及化合物，这就导致一些企业在较低的生产条件下仍能生产出可以在市场上销售的洗涤用品。这些准入门槛过低的洗涤用品，特别是石化合成类清洁用品中，含有多种对人体和环境有害的成分。如EDTA是洗涤助剂，伤害人体肝脏、皮肤，而磷酸盐提高去污力，却对水体产生污染。     

浸出渣逆流洗涤试验研究

当前很多公司都面临着现有生产工艺大量洗水难以平衡的问题,为此,对生产线浸出渣进行逆流洗涤试验,探求较佳的洗涤工艺参数,有利于生产顺利进行,并在一定程度上降低了成本。试验组进行了相应的浓密逆流洗涤模拟试验,并取得一定效果,希望实验效果能对同类公司有所帮助。     

家用电动洗衣机产品质量国家监督抽查不合格产品及其企业名单

1、洗涤前取出口袋中的硬币、杂物、有金属钮扣的衣服应将金属钮扣扣上，并翻转衣服，使金属钮扣不外露，以防在洗涤过程中金属等硬物损坏洗衣桶及波轮。     

“三无”洗洁精问题严重 酒店餐具越洗越脏

日前，福州市晋安区工商局检查大队曾对辖区内大中型以上的17家酒楼、6家桑拿浴室使用的洗涤用品进行了抽样检查。检查结果显示，这些场所使用“三无”或不合格洗洁精、洗发水、沐浴露等洗涤用品的问题严重。     

公立医院被服洗涤社会化管理

公立医院后勤服务社会化改革不断深化,我院在被服洗涤服务社会化的进程中通过摸索和实践,面对出现的新问题、新情况制定了一系列的管理制度。文章从后勤服务社会化管理入手,探讨了被服洗涤服务外包过程中存在的问题和采取的对策,可以为医院被服洗涤社会化管理提供合理的参考。     

洗涤用品技术发展趋势

洗涤用品是人民日常生活必需消费品,人民对洗涤用品消费的要求不断提高,我们对其技术发展方向应有一个正确的认识。 一、努力调整产品结构,积极发展名牌产品 我国洗涤用品产量虽属世界大国,跃居世界第二位,多年来想跻身世界市场,但因产品品质、品种、品牌都赶不上市场的发展和需要,在竞争中往往处于弱势,为此必须加强产品结构调整,努力创造名牌。     

The Nexus of Population,Energy, Innovation,and Complexity

For the past 200 years, humans have benefited from the abundant, inexpensive, and easily obtained energy of fossil fuels. Energy surpluses such as this are unusual in human history. In systems with little surplus energy, population growth is low and complexity emerges slowly due to the energetic costs it carries. On the rare occasions when energy is readily available, societies respond by growing rapidly. They must become more complex in response to the social, economic, and resource challenges of dense population. More complex societies are more expensive, requiring greater energy per capita. The process of increasing complexity necessitates greater energy production, creating a positive feedback cycle. Past societies have collapsed under such pressures. Population and complexity grew rapidly when the Industrial Revolution replaced economies based on annual solar radiation with economies fueled by fossil energy. The Green Revolution of the 20^th century is credited with preventing mass starvation, but it has made food production and sustaining population ever‐more dependent on high‐energy (low‐entropy) inputs. Some believe innovation will overcome the limitations of resources and permit unchecked growth. However, increases in complexity, innovation, and fossil energy are all subject to diminishing returns, and cannot continue to support population at current levels.     

Transversals, systems of distinct representatives, mechanism design, and matching

A transversal generated by a system of distinct representatives (SDR) for a collection of sets consists of an element from each set (its representative) such that the representative uniquely identifies the set it belongs to. Theorem 1 gives a necessary and sufficient condition that an arbitrary collection, finite or infinite, of sets, finite or infinite, have an SDR. The proof is direct, short. A Corollary to Theorem 1 shows explicitly the application to matching problems. In the context of designing decentralized economic mechanisms, it turned out to be important to know when one can construct an SDR for a collection of sets that cover the parameter space characterizing a finite number of economic agents. The condition of Theorem 1 is readily verifiable in that economic context. Theorems 2–5 give different characterizations of situations in which the collection of sets is a partition. This is of interest because partitions have special properties of informational efficiency.     

青岛市官产学研合作现状及对策

文章在分析青岛市目前官产学研合作的现状的基础上,提出提高青岛市产学研合作的对策建议,充分利用这一机遇,为青岛市的发展带来新的力量,加快创新型城市的建设步伐。     

Workfare,welfare, agency,and well-being

Workfare programs are state-instituted programs that require able-bodied persons with children of school age who wish to claim welfare payments to participate in job training programs, and, eventually, to enter the work force. The philosophy of workfare is based on the value of work and the goal of self-determination. However, as a mandatory program for welfare recipients, workfare requires of those recipients certain duties which, according to those who challenge workfare, interfere with the freedom to choose what one will do with one's life. Whether some form of workfare will be adopted as part of our national welfare system remains to be seen. What the debate about such a program suggests is that welfare, in itself, by ignoring the necessity of security and education for full human agency, neither satisfies basic needs nor prepares its recipients for any life other than that of dependency. With all its difficulties workfare nevertheless presents an alternative to welfare that, at least in theory, more closely identifies its purpose with the values of our society.     

Structural estimation of caloric intake,exercise, smoking,and obesity

The escalating rate of obesity in the US highlights the importance of understanding the causes for this rise. In this paper I employ the First, Second, and Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys to estimate a structural model of the determinants of adult obesity. To control for the potential endogeneity of some explanatory variables, such as caloric intake (adjusted for activity level) and smoking, a set of reduced form equations for these outcomes is estimated simultaneously with the obesity equation. To identify each equation, I use an array of state-level characteristics as instrumental variables. Trends in these variables shed light on the sources of the rapid increase in obesity since 1980.     

Exploring the exit,voice, loyalty,and neglect typology: The influence of job satisfaction,quality of alternatives,and investment size

The current theory proposes that responses to dissatisfaction differ in constructiveness versus destructiveness and activity versus passivity, defining four categories of response: exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect. The manner in which employees react to job dissatisfaction is determined by three variables: overall job satisfaction; quality of job alternatives, and magnitude of investments in the job. This article presents a meta-analysis of the results of five studies in a program of research designed to test the current theory. Ten of 12 theory predictions received good support: Greater job satisfaction was associated with greater tendencies toward voice and loyalty, and with lesser exit and neglect. Superior alternatives were associated with greater tendencies toward exit and voice, and with lesser neglect. Greater investment size was associated with greater tendencies toward voice and loyalty, and with lesser neglect.     

Externalities, Indivisibility, Nonreplicability, and Agglomeration

In this paper we argue that the impact of external scale economies and diseconomies on city size is not nearly as clear-cut as it is tacitly believed in urban economics. Similarly, city-size distortions are not caused by externalities alone. Indivisibility and nonreplicability, which prevent establishing the “right” number of cities, may represent a source for city-size distortions which can be stronger than the standard resource misallocation resulting from external scale economies and diseconomies. It follows that a direct population dispersion policy is not just an inferior substitute to Pigouvian taxes and subsidies but rather a useful complement.