专利执行保险中专利权经济价值分析研究

随着我国企业自主创新能力不断增强,专利侵权诉讼逐年增多,调查、取证、诉讼等维权成本陡然增大,专利权人实施专利权的风险越来越不容忽视。专利执行保险是专利权人为排除实施其专利权所受到的阻碍所投保的险种。专利执行保险合同的签订可为当事人双方带来经济利益。专利权人保险金额的确定、保险人风险的评估、保费的计算依据以及赔偿分配条款迫切需要对专利权的经济价值进行科学分析。专利权经济价值分析逐渐成为专家学者关注的一个焦点问题,但目前的研究仍存有一些缺陷,有待进一步研究。     

过度信贷会激发企业的创新活力吗?

本文从企业角度研究过度信贷对企业创新的影响,考察了过度信贷与政治关联并存时对企业创新的影响,特别是过度信贷能否增强或削弱政治关联对企业创新的抑制作用。实证结果表明,过度信贷能够促进企业的研发支出,但无法有效提高其专利数量,甚至会降低企业的创新效率,且上述影响主要体现在小型企业和非国有企业上。此外,过度信贷企业持有的金融资产增值不仅不能通过财富效应促进其创新活动,股票投资还会显著抑制其创新活动,降低专利数量与创新效率。最后,当企业无政治关联时,过度信贷能显著提高研发支出,但会显著降低创新效率,并对专利数量无影响。但当政治关联存在时,过度信贷不影响企业的创新活动。     

商业秘密侵权诉讼的举证责任分配

商业秘密侵权诉讼中的举证责任分配是一个长期存在的难题。依据2019年修订的《反不正当竞争法》和2020年初达成的《中美经济贸易协议》,在原告和权利人证明部分相关事实后,法律就推定商业秘密具有秘密性,同时被告具有不当行为。这一制度安排减轻了原告的举证负担,但也不合理地加重了弱势被告的负担,会产生过高的社会成本。决策者应当接受民事诉讼领域主流理论的指引,坚持让商业秘密权利人承担证明责任,重申合理的证明标准,为权利人履行举证义务提供更具体的指引。只有这样,才能建立起符合中国长远产业利益的合理的商业秘密诉讼制度。     

论网络侵权诉讼中当事人的确定

在网络技术迅速发展的今天,网络侵权的现状十分严重,权利主体应当能够提起诉讼使自己的合法权利得到救济。在起诉时以及诉讼中当事人的确定问题在法学理论界和司法实践中都存在着争议,而网络侵权及其引起的诉讼的特殊性使问题更为突出,究竟以哪种学说作为确定当事人的标准还不明确。文章分三个部分,第一部分概述民事诉讼当事人的确定标准。第二部分论述我国网络侵权诉讼中,原告当事人的确定存在的问题以及完善该问题的建议。第三部分说明网络诉讼中被告当事人的确定现状和存在的不足,并提出网络侵权诉讼中,确定被告当事人的标准和方式。     

混改背景下国有企业股权性质变化对企业创新效率的影响

党的十九大强调了“发展混合所有制经济”,国企混改将对企业创新效率产生一定的影响。为此,基于2009-2018年上市公司的财务数据和专利数据,运用双重差分模型和中介效应模型考察改制后国有企业的专利数量和质量的变化情况。结果表明：国有企业改制对企业的专利产出效率有积极作用,但是对企业的专利质量效率有消极作用,即国有企业改制会通过改变企业的融资约束和研发投入对企业的创新效率产生影响,融资约束和研发投入均对专利数量有遮掩作用,对专利质量有部分中介效用,改制后企业将更加重视企业经济目标,注重短期的专利数量成果,从而忽视创新专利的质量。     

专利评估中法律因素的国际比较

在专利权资产评估中,必须考虑法律因素的影响。而各国在专利权的主体认定、授权条件、专利时效和专利侵权民事责任的立法规定中都存在差异,这些法律因素将影响专利权的预期收益、持续获利时间和市场风险,从而影响专利权价值的评估结果。     

信息集锦

1．上海率先试点专利综合保险 日前,上海在奉贤区率先试点专利综合保险,开创了上海知识产权风险管理领域的先河,为鼓励推动上海社会创新发展增添风险屏障。由安信农业保险股份有限公司创新推出的专利综合保险为投保企业因投保专利在保险期间内发生侵权而产生的法律调查、诉讼和其他相关费用等提供保险保障,投保企业每单最高可获赔30万元。     

绩效反馈与企业产研销投资分配决策——基于管理层心理认知视角

绩效反馈对企业的影响得到愈来愈多的重视,然而对绩效反馈不一致情况的理解尚显模糊。本文以2010-2020年我国制造业上市公司为研究样本,分析绩效反馈不一致对企业产研销投资决策的影响。研究表明,“消极历史——积极行业”绩效反馈会促进企业研发投入和营销活动,并抑制企业的生产扩张活动,而“积极历史——消极行业”绩效反馈会抑制企业研发投入和营销活动,并促进企业的生产扩张活动。与此同时,本文的结论表明,企业营销活动比研发活动的敏感性更高,更易受企业绩效反馈的影响。在进一步的研究中,本文从“认知——行为”视角探究管理层对绩效反馈的异质性解读如何影响企业的投资决策。此外,结合双元创新理论的研究发现,绩效反馈不一致的影响主要作用于企业创新中的探索式创新层面,而对利用式创新作用不显著,作用强度会受到管理层心理认知因素改变的影响。本文结论揭示绩效反馈不一致对企业产研销投资决策的作用机制,同时强调管理层心理认知在解读绩效反馈中发挥的重要影响,对理解企业产研销投资决策的驱动因素以及优化企业创新激励机制具有重要启示作用。     

英美两国注册会计师对第三方法律责任的比较

由于美英两国在民法诉讼程序上存在一些差异,美国的注册会计师和英国的注册会计师相比,似乎更容易成为诉讼案件的主体。这些诉讼程序上的差异主要体现在以下几个方面:(1)在英国,败诉方将被判决承担胜诉方的所有诉讼费用;(2)英国的集团诉讼实行起来更加艰难;(3)当在某一诉讼案件中存在多名被告的时候,连带责任程度在英国会较低。除了关于诉讼方式上的某些区别(如败诉方支付所有费用等)外,英国的法院在考虑注册会计师对第三方的责任时,观点要保守一些。另外,在美国,各州的法律有所不同。联邦政府还有一个独立的法律体系。在英国,整个国家的法…     

盈余管理是否会阻碍企业绿色创新

基于2010—2020年A股上市非金融企业财务数据样本，实证检验了盈余管理对企业绿色创新“质”与“量”的影响，研究发现，企业盈余管理行为会显著抑制企业绿色创新活动，并且对企业绿色发明专利的抑制作用强于绿色实用专利。进一步研究发现，企业正向盈余管理行为不利于企业绿色创新，负向盈余管理行为则有助于提升企业绿色创新能力；增加生产操纵和酌量性费用操纵对企业绿色创新活动能够发挥更显著的抑制作用。机制检验表明，融资约束和债务融资成本是真实盈余管理影响企业绿色创新的内在作用机制。针对经济后果检验表明，真实盈余管理活动对企业盈利能力及企业价值会产生持续性的抑制作用。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.