影子银行、房地产价格与中国经济波动

本文构建了一个包含家庭户、商业银行、影子银行、房地产部门和实体经济部门的动态随机一般均衡模型,研究了影子银行对地价、房价上涨的作用以及房地产与影子银行的相互作用对中国经济波动的影响。结果表明,放松对影子银行的监管时,地价和房价的上升幅度显著增大。当发生房地产需求冲击时,商业银行对房地产部门和实体部门的贷款均增加,影子银行对房地产部门的贷款显著增加,对实体部门的贷款显著下降。这说明,当存在影子银行时,贷款通过影子银行输送给了房地产部门,对房地产价格上涨起到了推波助澜的作用。本文还研究了引入影子银行后房地产需求冲击对主要宏观经济变量波动的影响,发现房地产需求冲击会对实体经济部门带来显著的挤出效应。     

融资成本、房地产价格波动与货币政策传导

本文建立一个带有房地产市场的多部门DSGE模型,同时在模型中引入带有金融摩擦的银行部门,研究货币政策影响房地产价格的传导机制,以及降低社会融资成本的政策对房地产市场中金融加速器效应的影响。数值模拟结果显示:(1)当社会融资成本较高时,降低利率的货币政策冲击使得房地产价格显著上升;(2)政府降低社会融资成本,能够明显地弱化房地产市场的金融加速器效应;(3)央行采取盯住房地产价格波动的货币政策,能够改善社会福利,但是政策效果会因社会融资成本的降低而削弱。     

能源价格与房地产市场波动——来自中国地级市层面的经验证据北大核心

能源价格波动对宏观经济的冲击是学术界持续关注的热点问题,但鲜有文献关注到能源价格波动对房价的影响及其可能产生的金融风险.本文基于中国地级及以上城市数据,实证检验了能源价格波动对国内房地产市场价格波动的影响,并分析其影响机制和传导途径.结果表明,能源价格变化将显著影响国内房地产价格波动,且在大城市和超大城市表现得更加明显.能源价格一方面通过利率水平变化影响购房需求,另一方面通过住房建设成本影响房地产市场供给,从而导致房价波动.该结论经过一系列稳健性检验,结果依然成立.同时,这一影响具有非对称性,即能源价格上涨会导致房价波动加剧,但能源价格下跌的影响并不显著.本文不仅为房价形成机制提供新的视角,也丰富了能源与金融市场间相互联系的研究.     

房价波动、金融稳定与最优宏观审慎政策

本文通过构建包含家庭住房抵押借款摩擦和银行贷款摩擦的动态随机一般均衡模型,重点考察了异质性冲击下房价波动对金融稳定的影响。研究发现,房价上涨会导致银行风险溢价及杠杆率显著上升,进而加剧金融体系的内在不稳定。为降低房价波动及维护金融稳定,选取两类宏观审慎政策工具进行逆周期调控实验,结果表明,在住房需求冲击下,金融管理部门应选取贷款价值比政策,且应对房贷积极调控,而对房价进行中性调控。在最终产品部门生产率冲击、房地产部门生产率冲击及跨期偏好冲击下,应选取资本充足率政策,但对房贷和房价调控力度的把握则存在差异。本研究为厘清房价波动对金融稳定的动态传导机制,以及金融管理部门如何选取宏观审慎政策工具以稳定房价并降低系统性金融风险提供了启示。     

政策不确定、宏观冲击与房价波动——基于LSTVAR模型的实证分析

本文利用Baker等人提供的中国政策不确定性指数,结合1999年1月-2014年3月我国宏观经济数据,在构建我国房价短期波动模型的基础上,采用LSTVAR模型以及广义脉冲响应函数实证分析了不同政策不确定性环境下宏观变量冲击对于房价波动的影响。理论模型表明,宏观环境向好会引起房价的正向波动,而且这种波动会随着政策不确定性的增加而加大;不同的政策不确定性背景下,宏观冲击对于房价波动的影响存在差异性。实证结果表明,在政策不确定程度较高和较低两种不同的状态下,宏观变量的冲击对于房价波动的影响具有明显的非对称性;较高的政策不确定性程度会延缓个人的购房消费和投资以及房地产企业的供给,甚至引起市场失灵,从而引起房价的无谓波动;政策不确定程度较高时,房屋买卖双方的预期也会引起房价的“超调”,进而加剧了房价的波动。     

异质性预期、个体交互和房价波动北大核心CSSCI

本文构建了包含微观个体异质性预期、适应性学习特征与个体交互行为的基于代理人的新凯恩斯(Agent-based New Keynesian,ABNK)模型,分析居民内生异质性预期行为与外生预期偏好冲击影响中国房价的内在机理,并模拟预期与未预期的住房偏好冲击对中国房地产价格波动的影响。研究结果表明:(1)在考虑内生异质性预期和外生预期偏好冲击的条件下,利用中国真实数据估计出经济中完全理性人占比为56%,有限理性居民占比为44%;(2)居民内生异质性预期行为是影响房价的重要因素,并且内生异质性预期对房价波动的影响程度远甚于外生预期冲击;(3)未预期住房偏好冲击对房价波动的贡献幅度远大于预期住房偏好冲击的贡献度。因此,积极引导居民预期是房地产调控的有效手段。     

杠杆对房地产价格波动的影响——基于SVAR模型的实证分析

运用SVAR模型,从政府部门、金融部门、非金融企业部门和家庭部门四个杠杆维度研究了杠杆对房地产价格波动的影响,发现短期四部门杠杆对房地产价格波动影响较大,随着时间的推移,长期内影响逐渐减弱,同时杠杆对资产价格波动的影响具有一定的时滞性。因此在当前保持房地产价格稳定的过程中要避免杠杆的不利影响,特别是家庭部门杠杆对房价波动的影响,同时也要注意这种影响的时滞性。     

房地产信贷波动与房价波动相互关系研究

自2006年以来,房价一直处于高位运行,同时,随着国家四万亿的经济刺激计划的实施,大量的资金进入了房地产市场,本文正是在这个现实基础上主要分析房地产信贷波动和房价波动的关系,利用误差修正模型分析信贷在短期和长期对房价的影响大小,在此基础上使用VAR模型具体分析二者的因果关系,以及量化影响的程度,并得出相应的结论。     

住房价格、购房倾向异质与限购限贷政策 ——基于动态随机一般均衡模型的分析

限购令是目前我国最严厉的房地产调控政策,其政策效果一直存在争议.本文首先通过构建动态随机一般均衡模型模拟了各外生政策冲击对房地产价格波动的影响,然后通过贝叶斯估计方法对模型参数进行了估计和校准,最后通过脉冲响应和方差分解考察了外生冲击的均衡房价效应.研究发现,购房倾向和抵押率对我国房价波动的贡献率最大,分别为63.67...     

试论房价波动对商业银行资产的影响

基于次贷危机的启示,本文构建了在不同的金融发展程度下房地产价格波动对商业银行资产影响的理论模型,并在此基础上对中国的现状进行分析,指出当前对中国的影响主要集中于商业银行基于负债业务发放的贷款领域。进一步地,利用向量自回归模型(VAR)及冲击响应函数对中国房地产价格波动对商业银行贷款的影响进行了实证检验。研究表明:金融创新改变了房地产价格波动对商业银行资产的影响模式;中国房价波动对商业银行资产的影响主要集中在源于银行负债发放的贷款领域,但总体影响有限;中国应加快发展银行资产证券化业务,谨慎发展信用衍生产品。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.     

Dutch accounting in Japan 1609-1850: isolation or observation?

The trading station or factory maintained by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was Japan's sole window on the Western world during most of the Tokugawa period (1600-1868). While many aspects of the factory's role in Dutch/Japanese cultural exchange have been researched little is known in the West of the accounting at the factory. This paper considers the possibility that double-entry bookkeeping employed by the Dutch may have been diffused to the Japanese. The available evidence is synthesized after considering the accounting system in the Dutch factory.