电力市场化改革与和谐电力建设

我国电力工业的市场化改革如何与建设和谐电力相协调,或者说,我国电力市场化改革如何促进,而不是削弱和谐社会的建设,是摆在我们面前的一项重大课题。本文就当前要研究解决的一些具体问题,提出了思路或对策建议。建立合理的电力市场体系国务院5号文明确了电力体制改革的总体目标是“打破垄断,引入竞争,提高效率,降低成本,健全电价机制,优化资源配置,促进电力发展,推进全国联网,构建政府监管下的政企分开,公平竞争,开放有序,健康发展的电力市场体系”。建设区域电力市场是在较大范围内优化资源配置的需要,但同时,区域电力市场交易和跨区交易…     

企业总部市场化改革之思

新管理时代最基本和最重要的特征是"面向市场"。在这个时代,企业发展的所有资源,包括资金、人力、信息、资产、服务等,都要通过市场来配置,因而市场就成了企业生存和发展的重要环境和企业管理的起点和归宿。为此,企业总部也要按市场化要求进行改革,透明化、自主化、合理化是市场的核心。市场化是提高工作效率、破除"总部病"的有益尝试     

市场化的关联交易价格管理

<正>近年来,莱钢集团建立并完善了以市场为导向、逐步向市场化过渡的关联交易管理机制,建立了以价格管理和监督委员会为决策机构、价格管理和监督委员会办公室为日常管理机构和业务主管部门为具体事项管理及执行机构的三级关联交易管理体系,对关联交易管理进行了规范和加强,涉及到的关联交易价格部分实现了市场化定价,部分交易逐步向市场化定价靠拢,从而促进了集团公司和各关联交易单位之间互利共赢、和谐发展,有效     

周边国家和地区成品油市场化改革经验借鉴——“第三届成品油分销国际会议”成果之二

成品油市场化应具备三个特征：一是依法准入,规范经营;二是自主定价,公平竞争;三是进出口贸易自由。我国按照石油市场改革的既定方向,已经在成品油市场化的道路上进行了12年的探索。在成品油分销领域,初步形成了法制化监管、规范化准入、多元化竞争的新格局;价格机制改革也经历了三个阶段的发展,处于＂准＂市场化的阶段;但在成品油进出口领域,还基本限于加入WTO时的承诺。研究周边国家和地区的成品油市场化进程、改革措施与成效,对我国深化成品油市场改革有诸多启示和借鉴意义：1）成品油市场化改革要总体设计,法律先行,按部就班地实施;2）价格市场化要配套推进,分步到位;3）炼油与油品分销业要规范准入,合理发展;4）加油站经营要系列化,加油站业务开展应因地制宜。成品油市场化不能仅靠定价机制改革的单兵突进,还必须依赖其他方面改革的相互配套。目前,进一步推进我国成品油市场化改革的条件已经具备,需要政府勇敢推进。     

我国电力行业市场化发展的思考

本文论述了电力行业的特点，分析了我国电力行业在市场化进程中存在的问题，最后提出了规范与建立合理的电力市场的对策。     

电力辅助服务市场化的有关问题

电力市场的商业化运营需要辅助服务市场化。由于辅助服务有基本(无偿)与有偿性之分,情况复杂,难以量化,定价困难,所以辅助服务市场化是电力商业化运营的一个难点。可采用成本费用分析与磨损估价相结合的方法建立辅助服务定价方法,辅助服务的经济补偿方式要适应电力市场发展阶段的需要,为解决补偿费用的来源,应建立辅助服务基金。     

我国电力市场化改革中的政府监管

编者按电力监管问题是电力市场化改革中的关键性问题之一.我国目前尚无成熟的、完整的先例可循.因此,如何构建电力监管体系,使其既有别于政府行政管理部门,又与具有行政色彩的全国性国有大企业不同,使其独立公开地、高效规范地运作;如何使电力监管机构在建立公平竞争,规范有序的电力市场中发挥重要的作用;如何摆正与协调政府、监管机构与行业协会之间的定位及其关系等等,许多相关问题,亟待深入探讨.为此,本期刊登一组电力监管方面的文章,从全国、区域及省等不同层面,以不同的角度阐述监管问题,欢迎关注这一专题的人士踊跃来稿,参与研讨.     

欧盟电力市场化改革最新进展及启示

欧盟推进电力市场化改革的主要目标是要建立欧洲统一电力市场。根据欧盟电力市场化改革第2号指令的要求,2007年7月开始全部用户市场开放,在2004年7月和2007年7月分别实现输电运行机构和配电运行机构从竞争性业务中分离出来。为进一步加强跨国电力交易,欧盟加快了泛欧洲输电网建设进程,推进统一的输电交易和阻塞管理机制,推动各国深化电力改革和各国电力市场之间的融合。而欧盟电力市场化改革及推进面临挑战。对中国而言,建立统一开放的电力市场体系是电力市场化改革方向,但业务分拆和电力市场机制建设必须协调推进。     

企业家市场化的衡量标准

无论从哪个方面看 ,中国急需一个企业家市场。那么 ,究竟什么是企业家市场呢 ?成熟的、竞争的企业家市场有以下几个指标加以衡量 :企业家的任免由市场进行充分选择、筛选 ,这是选拔的市场化。伯乐相马的机制是不符合市场经济发展的 ,真正的有效率的机制应该是海尔提出的赛马机制 ,即市场化的竞争机制。对于一个企业的员工来讲 ,竞争是必须的 ;对一个企业的经营者来讲 ,竞争上岗、市场选拔更是必不可少的。企业家的流动由市场推动 ,这是流动的市场化。企业家只有充分、自由地流动 ,才能使企业选择到真正的企业经营者。为此 ,应该打破地区、行…     

晋煤市场化受阻流通体制待破题

近年来,电煤市场化呼声日隆,虽然电力企业一再“挽留”计划煤,但市场化改革已是大势所趋。在2006年全国重点煤炭产运需衔接会上,1992年延续至今的“计划煤”与“市场煤”的双轨体制宣告瓦解。不过,市场化改革也并非一帆风顺,作为全国煤炭生产和调出大省,山西省内地方煤炭流通体制就是市场化改革的一块“绊脚石”。由于行政干预的存在,加大了煤炭市场化的改革难度,增加了电力企业和煤炭企业的运营成本,已经成为山西地方煤市场化的最大障碍,减少、规范行政干预,已经成为目前煤炭流通体制改革的当务之急。“五统一”:山西地方煤市场化的最大障…     

Strategic Investment under Open Access: Theory and Evidence

We examine the incentives of access‐regulated firms to invest in infrastructure facilities they must share with competitors. We show that investment incentives can be decomposed into a non‐strategic and a strategic part. The non‐strategic part implies that investment depends positively on market size. The strategic incentives imply that investment also depends on market composition, namely, the market shares of the facility owner and its competitors. Using a dataset of regulated electric utilities in the United States, we find evidence that transmission investments are indeed made strategically. Ceteris paribus, utilities are less likely to invest, and investment levels are lower, when competitors occupy a larger share of the market.     

开发国际建筑市场企业机遇与风险分析

建筑公司开拓国际市场的决策,必须基于对国际市场的机会和风险的正确了解,以及对自身实力正确评价。国际建筑市场风险大,但机会多,在决策中需要考虑到影响建筑公司海外市场的综合可变因素。文章对建筑企业开拓国际市场的实力、国际建筑市场机遇与风险等重要性因素进行了分析和评价。     

对打造“大庆录井”品牌的思考

油田实行分离分立改组后，原勘探系统各专业队伍的工作关系也相应地发生了改变；但从严格意义讲，这种改变还只能说是一种适应性调整。可以说：支持与合作仍然是各专业公司获得工作量的主要因素。随着我国加入WTO，市场经济必将完全进入相关领域．那么就勘探录井技术来说，未来市场也必然是我们所要面临的主要问题。     

The cultural milieu of management: A comparative study of the role of management in ASEAN

The role of a business school and form of management education in any country must depend on the specific role of management in the economy. This, in turn, depends on the milieu or business ambience in which management must operate. A set of types of milieu can be distinguished for ASEAN countries which form a sequence approximately correlated with the process of modernisation. The different tasks and required traits for management in the various milieus are discussed and some implications for management schools and education noted.     

Real Estate Brokers, Nonprice Competition and the Housing Market

Given a fixed commission rate and easy entry, economic profits must be competed away on some nonprice margin in the real estate brokerage market. This paper focuses on nonprice competition in the level or quality of services offered buyers and sellers in the market, examining the equilibrium adjustment process, comparative static predictions and efficiency implications. In contrast with earlier studies focusing on wasteful advertising, this paper demonstrates that higher commission rates can either increase or decrease deadweight loss, depending upon how broker services affect buyer and seller transaction costs.     

Preemptive investments under uncertainty,credibility and first mover advantages

We present a continuous-time game in which two firms must decide at each instant of time whether to be in or out of a market that expands up to a random maturity date and declines thereafter. Firms are initially inactive, and they differ only in the opportunity costs of using their assets (e.g., owing to different redeployment or resale values). After characterizing the unique Markov perfect equilibrium of the entry and exit game under demand uncertainty, we challenge the result that the threat of preemption can partially or even totally dissipate a first mover advantage. When post-entry profits can be negative, the preemption threat of a firm may become weaker because its rival may force it out of the market after entering. As a result, there may be little or no dissipation of the first mover advantage when post-investment profits are not assumed to be always positive.     

Transforming Engineering Concepts for Technical and Vocational Teacher Education

Technical education involves programmes, disciplines, but also a level of competence to be reached by students, in reference to social practices outside of school. Technical teacher education must not only include competence in these social practices but must also develop specific, practical teaching skills. Today a rapid evolution in academic disciplines has been observed, partially linked to the circulation of models. the present study is concerned with the transformation of models within these exchanges and attempts to extract knowledge that would be useful for decisions to be made concerning teacher education.     

市场制度的价值取向与经济结构的市场调整

本文试图说明,在现有的生产技术条件下,市场制度应体现什么样的价值取向,才能通过市场调整出合理的经济结构。文中通过模型对中国经济的产业结构、所有制结构以及产业结构和所有制结构之间的互动影响进行实证分析,发现从产业结构或所有制结构单方面地对经济结构进行调整,都无法使经济结构达到一种合理的状态。并且通过市场调整经济结构时,市场制度的价值取向将起到关键的作用。比较分析不同的市场制度价值取向下市场对经济结构的调整发现,只有当经济中形成一种国有经济不与民(资本和劳动)争利的制度环境,并且制度的价值取向侧重于保护资本利益,但同时兼顾劳动利益时,市场才能调整出合理的经济结构。     

寡头竞争均衡、效率促进与市场稳定--一个福利经济学视角

多种条件约束决定了真实经济世界的资源配置效率必然偏离古典微观经济学完全竞争均衡模型关于效率问题的推演逻辑。短期边际成本定价趋势与固定成本长期补偿之间的矛盾决定了完全竞争均衡结构内生着不稳定性。“产品竞争度周期假说”在一定程度上证伪了传统的市场结构进化理论。寡头结构有寡头垄断均衡和寡头竞争均衡之别,后者作为市场结构自然演化的结果,能够增进组织绩效和提高行业效率,并实现市场稳定。因此,市场行为基础上自然演进的行业集中度提高是有益的。市场从竞争到垄断都不惠顾社会公平问题。市场结构、组织效率与经济稳定之关系研究无论对产业组织理论创新还是对产业政策制定来讲都具有重要的现实意义。     

A note on causality and the structure-performance controversy

Interindustry, cross-sectional studies of structure and performance assume, according to the market power doctrine, that structural variables are exogenous to performance, though this notion has been questioned at different times by a number of industrial organization economists. This study uses a time series approach to test the validity of this notion at the line of business level. Sims' causality tests were performed for three separate firms and the interrelationships over time between the firm's market share and rate of return were estimated (i.e., do changes in a firm's market share occur prior to changes in the firm's rate of return or do changes in the firm's rate of return occur prior to changes in a firm's market share). Two of the three firms examined failed to exhibit the unidirectional causality assumed by the conventional structure-performance paradigm. These results, even though derived from a limited number of undiversified firms, suggest that the issue of causality must be settled before the functional form of the model can be specified.