中外合资企业知识转移的实现机理研究——基于知识接收方的视角

基于知识接收方（即中外合资企业）的视角,探讨了影响中外合资企业知识转移实现程度的因素,深入剖析了中外合资企业知识转移的实现机理．并给出了基于竞争价值方法的知识接收方的效能的测量指标体系,对中外合资企业知识转移过程“黑箱”问题的探索又向前迈进了一步。最后,指出了未来的研究方向。     

强化财务集权构筑整体财务管理模式

随着经济全球化、网络化、知识化的进程,企业的财务管理主要发生了以下变化:(1)财务管理从静态的事后核算向动态的、参与经营过程的财务管理方向发展;(2)财务管理从内部独立的职能管理向物流、信息流、资金流三流合一的集成管理方向发展;(3)财务管理从战术性、事务性的管理向战略性、全局性的经营理财方向发展;(4)财务管理从手工操作、手工分析向计算机操作、智能分析方向发展;(5)财务管理的目的从传统的利润目标向企业未来价值目标(包括无形资产价值)的方向发展;(6)企业投融资的视野从国内向全球范围发展。这些变化和发展,使企业的财务管理…     

施工企业传统人事管理向人力资源管理转变的思考

当前面对经济全球化和我国加入WTO的临近,企业从传统人事管理向人力资源管理转变,是人事管理制度的改革的方向和建立现代企业制度的需要。因此,如何找准施工企业人事管理向人力资源管理的最佳转变途径,使企业在激烈竞争中不断扩展空间和补充动力,持续健康地发展,是企业经营管理者需深入研究的一个新课题。     

浅谈知识经济时代财务管理的新特点

文章认为，知识经济时代企业的财务管理应从传统的偏重物质资本的管理向偏重知识资本的管理上转移。作者从五个方面着重阐述了知识经济时代财务管理的主流、重点、任务及利润分配、财务评价指标等新的特点。     

企业组织结构的发展与变化

就企业发展问题探讨了企业的产生、发展与变化趋势，研究了企业组织结构在演进过程中表现出来的几种主要形式及各自的优缺点，指出企业组织结构正在从刚性向柔性、从金字塔型向大森林型方向变化，企业组织也从常规型向集团型和细微型方向发展。     

研发团队内部知识转移绩效影响因素的实证研究

基于现有知识管理理论,以研发团队内部员工之间知识转移为研究重点,提出知识转移的因素模型.通过多家企业的问卷调查,采用结构方程(SEM)的分析方法,对该因素模型进行了验证和修订.揭示了知识接受方、知识提供方、人际关系、知识特征因素对知识转移绩效的影响以及其相互间的量化关系,为企业知识管理的实践提供理论支持.     

从赛道到道路的旅程

历年来,那些为高性能、大预算的一级方程式(Formula 1)赛场开发的技术,后来都转用到了批量乘用车上,这样的"知识迁移"可支持我们今天所驾驶的汽车向更好、更安全、更高效的方向发展. 如今,电动方程式(Formula E)拥有相同的潜力,也可作为日常电动汽车(EV)的试验场,例如,围绕电池技术、电源管理、充电和再生制...     

全球价值链模式的产业转移——动力、影响与对中国产业升级和区域协调发展的启示

全球价值链(Global Value Chain,GVC)作为组织当今国际产业转移的主要方式,已经对全球经济的微观基础产生了根本性的影响。本文对GVC模式的产业转移从学理上进行了界定,阐述了给全球化带来的四个特征性事实;在从要素特征、竞争优势、技术进步、市场环境和国家战略等方面分析了GVC模式的产业转移的驱动力量后,指出由GVC来主导产业转移所形成的国际分工体系,是国际技术前沿的实施机制;进一步,本文探究了GVC模式的产业转移对发展中国家产业升级的影响;本文最后指出,将GVC模式的产业转移内涵的竞争方式,与自身的国情和优势相结合来发展国内价值链,应该是中国实现产业升级和缩小地区差距的一条新思路。     

技术转移效率及产权治理——基于不完全契约的视角

技术转移的核心是知识转移.论文运用契约经济学理论,从不完全契约的视角研究了研发管理中的技术转移效率问题及产权治理机制.将事前契约看作事后权利参考点,由于技术创新知识边界模糊,包括不可缔约的隐性知识和可缔约的显性知识,而隐性知识更多地体现在研究人员的人力资本中,因此,事后技术转移过程中不可避免的存在技术转移效率损失.研究认为当创新价值和研发成本的不确定性大时,采用一体化组织形式并且技术创新成果知识产权赋予公司的技术转移效率高.     

企业利用期货市场进行资本经营初探

随着改革的进一步深化,我国企业已经逐步由生产经营型向资本经营型方向转变,企业对生产要素的运作逐步从单纯的实物形态向价值、资本关系等方向转移。企业投资营运的目的是致力于提高资本的增值性,追求资立效益最大化。因此就要求企业家不仅要精通生产管理和经营之道,而且要熟练掌握企业的金融业务知识和运作技巧。企业的生产资源要优化配置,企业劳动力要优化组合。企业的资产机构、资金结构、融资结构都要合理化。如何充分、合理、有效地利用已形成的多元化、多渠道、多层次的国内外市场体系,既能有效地控制、转移市场风险,又能不断提高企业经济效益,确保企业资本盈利最大化,是现代企业所面临的新课题,本文拟从现代企业在资本经营中积极合理地利用期货市场,提高企业经济效益,有效控制市场风险等方面提出些不甚成熟的建议和想法。     

Factors for improving the level of knowledge generation in new product development

Globalization and other rapid changes in markets and technologies increasingly require companies to generate new knowledge in order to remain competitive. In order to innovate successfully, firms must generate knowledge faster than their rivals. This study develops and tests a conceptual model that focuses on how managerial controllable variables influence the level of knowledge generation in new product development. Based on literature and 'theory-in-use' field research in seven knowledge-intensive organizations, the authors developed research hypotheses and tested the hypotheses using data collected from 277 firms in high technology industries. The findings suggest that information technologies, organizational crisis, individual commitment, the R&D budget, and job rotation increase levels of knowledge generation, whereas lead user and supplier networks are negatively associated with the level of knowledge generation in new product development, and the influence of co-location of R&D staff is not significant.     

Managing New Product Development Teams in a Globally Dispersed NPD Program

Globalization is a major market trend today, one characterized by both increased international competition as well as extensive opportunities for firms to expand their operations beyond current boundaries. Effectively dealing with this important change, however, makes the management of global new product development (NPD) a major concern. To ensure success in this complex and competitive endeavor, companies must rely on global NPD teams that make use of the talents and knowledge available in different parts of the global organization. Thus, cohesive and well‐functioning global NPD teams become a critical capability by which firms can effectively leverage this much more diverse set of perspectives, experiences, and cultural sensitivities for the global NPD effort. The present research addresses the global NPD team and its impact on performance from both an antecedent and a contingency perspective. Using the resource‐based view (RBV) as a theoretical framework, the study clarifies how the internal, or behavioral, environment of the firm—specifically, resource commitment and senior management involvement—and the global NPD team are interrelated and contribute to global NPD program performance. In addition, the proposed performance relationships are viewed as being contingent on certain explicit, or strategic, factors. In particular, the degree of global dispersion of the firm's NPD effort is seen as influencing the management approach and thus altering the relationships among company background resources, team, and performance. For the empirical analysis, data are collected through a survey of 467 corporate global new product programs (North America and Europe, business‐to‐business). A structural model testing for the hypothesized effects was substantially supported. The results show that creating and effectively managing global NPD teams offers opportunities for leveraging a diverse but unique combination of talents and knowledge‐based resources, thereby enhancing the firm's ability to achieve a sustained competitive advantage in international markets. To function effectively, the global NPD team must be nested in a corporate environment in which there is a commitment of sufficient resources and where senior management plays an active role in leading, championing, and coordinating the global NPD effort. This need for commitment and global team integration becomes even more important for success as the NPD effort becomes more globally dispersed.     

Book Reviews

Globalization, Technology and Competition: The Fusion of Computers and Telecommunications in the 1990s
Globalization, Technology and Competition: The Fusion of Computers and Telecommuni- cations in the 1990s
High-Tech for Industrial Development: Lessons from the Brazilian Experience in Electronics and Automation
Science and Technology Management Bibliography
Intelligent Enterprise: A Knowledge and Service Based Paradigm for Industry     

建设监理知识分类研究

知识管理是提高我国建设监理行业创造价值能力的重要手段,知识分类活动是开展建设监理知识管理的基础。建设监理知识已有多种知识分类方法,但因未从知识管理视角分类,不能满足知识管理活动的要求。采用聚类分析方法,通过实证研究将建设监理知识划分修正为基础知识、规则知识和经验知识。提出了建设监理知识分布的不倒翁模型,即基础知识包含的四控知识较多,合同管理、信息管理和协调知识较少,隐性程度较低;规则知识包含的部分知识比较均衡,隐性程度适中;经验知识包含的协调知识较多,隐性程度较高。并提出监理工程师应改善知识结构、增加规则知识和经验知识,建设监理企业应加强知识管理能力,高等院校应改革教学内容,提高教学效果。     

Citizenship in transition: Globalization,postindustrial technology and education

This paper explores the changes associated with the move from an industrial to a postindustrial society and discusses the corresponding shifts in education. After reviewing a number of contemporary responses to the present crisis within society, the paper examines some of the implications for the concept of citizenship and suggests that, while much remains unknown, the task of education in a postindustrial society will still be to furnish knowledge and skills that articulate with the requirements of social life.This paper is adapted from Royal Bank Lecture presented as a keynote address at the Annual Colloquium of the MSTE Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, April 7th, 1995. Proceedings of the Colloquium are available as Hills, S. (ed.) Life after School: Education, Globalization and the Person, Kingston Ontario, MSTE Group, 1995.     

The Effects of Supplier Involvement and Knowledge Protection on Product Innovation in Customer–Supplier Relationships: A Study of Global Automotive Suppliers in China

Globalization drives firms to develop product innovation through their global supply chains. While innovations generated by supply channel members, as opposed to individual partners, are playing an increasingly important role in the success of all supply chain partners, there has been limited research on how supply chain relationships cultivate the process of such innovation generation, particularly in emerging markets. Correspondingly, this study explores how multinational suppliers can develop adaptive product innovation to create competitive advantage in emerging markets. Drawing on the knowledge‐based view and transaction cost economics, this study investigates the influence of supplier involvement and other factors on supplier innovation and performance. The results of a survey of 170 multinational automobile suppliers in China provide support for most of the hypotheses. Specifically, supplier involvement in codesign has an inverted U‐shaped relationship with product innovation. Furthermore, knowledge protection, trust, and technological uncertainty are all found to drive greater product innovation. In addition, the institutional environment moderates the effect of product innovation on performance. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of how MNEs can acquire local knowledge and develop adaptive products in emerging markets.     

服务外包与中国产业升级：基于全球化的视角

全球化和信息技术发展为后起国家的产业升级提供了新的选择。通过发展服务外包,新兴经济国家可充分发挥后发优势,这些国家的产业升级有可能突破传统的线性路径。相对于制造业,中国服务业的市场化和国际化水平较低。发展服务外包将为中国产业升级带来新的机遇。本文以全球化为视角,探讨服务外包与后起国家产业升级的路径变化,并运用SWOT方法,分析我国发展服务外包的优势与差距,提出推进服务外包发展、促进产业升级的政策措施。     

Intellectual capital in business-to-business markets

This paper reports on research concerning the level of knowledge assets possessed by firms in business-oriented vs. consumer-oriented industries. Further, the research also covers the level of competitive intelligence activity in these industry groups, estimating the level of interest of competitors in acquiring another firm's knowledge assets. From this information, we can begin to develop ideas about what types of firms and industries can really benefit from knowledge management systems and investment, as well as which can benefit from knowledge protection systems. As a result, the issues of knowledge management and knowledge protection become much more strategic and more obviously dependent on circumstances. Such a conclusion begs the question of what measures will help us to determine important circumstances and optimal knowledge strategies for competitive advantage, clearly opening up the field to a wide range of future research streams.     

TQM practices and knowledge sharing: An empirical study of Malaysia’s manufacturing organizations

The purpose of this paper is to examine the multidimensionality of TQM practices and its relationship with knowledge sharing as perceived by middle management employees in Malaysia’s ISO 9001:2000 certified firms of manufacturing sectors. The data which were collected from a survey of 129 middle management employees in Malaysia were used to test the proposed research framework. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis was performed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the measurement model, and the structural analysis was used to examine the research framework. The analytical results revealed that training and development, customer focus, and teamwork showed a positive association with middle management employees’ knowledge sharing. This analysis is vital for senior managers of TQM companies that want to establish a knowledge sharing capability. Senior managers could focus their efforts on implementing TQM practices for building competitive knowledge sharing competencies.     

现代工程管理理论与知识体系框架(二)

建设工程管理知识创新发展的内在规律和建设工程管理知识体系框架的研究日益受到学者们的关注。针对建设工程的单件性和开发工程对管理知识及其创新的依赖程度越发提高的特点,分析了工程管理知识体系及其发展维度,包括思维发展维度和知识结构模块发展维度;给出了工程管理知识创新模式和结构模式;梳理并提出了在工程思维模式下工程管理知识体系框架,包括工程管理研究所依据的基础知识体系框架和工程管理可应用的知识体系框架。