虚拟企业合作伙伴信任管理研究

信任是虚拟企业成员间有效合作的重要保障。文章从虚拟企业合作的角度对信任进行了阐释,并将虚拟企业合作伙伴信任关系的决定因素归结为合作经历、合作者的竞争实力及信誉、信息交流的程度、机会主义行为、合作者相互间的利益依赖性、程序公平和利益分配的公平六个方面。在此基础上,从信任对象的评估与选择、信任关系的建立、机会主义防范机制的建立三个方面对虚拟企业合作伙伴信任管理进行了探讨。     

品牌危机类型和应对诉求匹配性对消费者购买意愿的影响

当下越来越多的品牌卷入了各种危机中, 给品牌和消费者带来了不同程度的利益损失。品牌面临不同的危机时, 如何应对才能更有效地修复危机, 维护品牌和消费者关系, 这成为企业关心的核心问题。研究结合危机类型, 应对诉求方式和品牌信任, 探讨了出现危机后品牌应该采用何种应对诉求,能更有效地提升消费者购买意愿。实验结果表明在产品功能型危机情境下, 采用能力诉求能更有效地提升消费者品牌购买意愿, 且品牌能力信任起中介作用; 在价值关联型危机情境下, 采用温情诉求能更有效地提升消费者品牌购买意愿, 且品牌善意信任起中介作用。研究结论对品牌如何有效度过危机提供了借鉴和实际应用价值。     

基于业主方视角的工程项目中信任的产生与影响

在文献综述的基础上将信任划分为计算型信任和关系型信任,构建了包括信任的前因、信任(计算型信任和关系型信任)、项目成功的整体理论模型.对业主方进行了调研,根据实证数据对理论模型加以验证和完善.结果表明:信任的前因包括承包商特征(声誉、能力、言行一致性)和双方关系特征(双方的沟通、相互性、合同);计算型信任对关系型信任具有非线性作用;两类信任对项目成功具有重要作用,但关系型信任的作用更大.     

高技术产业集群的信任与声誉机制研究

高技术产业集群的“竞合关系”表现出“合作关系占主导,竞争关系为辅助”的关系结构;高技术产业集群内部经济主体具有长期合作的主观倾向;高技术产业集群的网络治理机制可以分为正式机制与非正式机制。从关系结构与网络成员的机会主义行为分析入手,对高技术产业集群非正式网络治理机制——信任文化和声誉机制进行了研究;高技术产业集群的信任体系结构包含五个层次,信任是网络型组织的基本运行机制,建立高绩效网络的最重要的要求是信任或社会认同。信任机制可以降低组织之间的交易成本;高技术产业集群以企业为主体的网络具有开放性,声誉机制的扩散效应更为明显,高技术产业集群声誉机制的重要含义在于拓展了交易范围与交易空间,为技术创新提供了更多的资源选择,使潜在交易对象可以演变为现实的可利用资源。     

试论虚拟企业

1.什么是虚拟企业自从 1 992年 William H·Davidow Michael和 S· Malone出版了第一本专著《虚拟公司》以来 ,出现了多种关于虚拟企业的不同描述 :1 993年 2月 Business Week中认为 :虚拟企业是指用技术把人、资金和构思网络在一个临时的组织内 ,一旦任务完成即解散组织。 1 994年 3月 ,美国的 Michael S· Malone指出 :虚拟公司像一个公司一样 ,临时把各方面联合在一个“变形的企业内”,在共同信任的基础上 ,建立一个长久的联盟。其成员包括制造商、供应商、分销商和顾客。中国台湾《经济时报》认为 :虚拟企业的基本精神在于突破企业…     

油气管道完整性管理的考核指标

完整性管理已被广泛应用于油气管道安全运行管理。管道建设期完整性管理与运行期完整性管理各有特点。依据相关法规及标准,结合油气管道建设、运行期完整性管理的不同特点,针对完整性管理的各环节,建立了油气管道完整性管理工作考核指标。对完整性管理工作实施情况进行审核评价,有利于提高管道完整性管理的水平。     

虚拟企业及其特点

什么是虚拟企业所谓虚拟企业,是当市场出现新机遇时,具有不同资源与优势的企业为了共同开拓市场,共同对付其他的竞争者而组织的、建立在信息网络基础之上的共享技术与信息,分担费用,联合开发的、互利的企业联盟体。虚拟企业的出现常常是参与联盟的企业追求一种完全靠自身能力达     

媒体机制对企业声誉的影响

媒体和企业作为社会有机体的重要组成部分,二者之间存在着紧密的联系。近些年来,随着互联网应用的逐渐大众化,媒体机制也发生着巨大的变化。因此新时代背景下的媒体与企业之间的关系也变得更加复杂和多变。在新的媒体机制下,作为企业形象的企业声誉,时刻接受着媒体的监督和评价,并且这种监督和评价与以往相比存在着诸多的新特性,其对企业声誉的影响也是大有不同。如今新媒体时代已经正式成为信息传播的主流,因此新媒体机制对企业业务推广起到重要的正面作用,同时也使企业声誉面对负面消息时遭遇极大危机;那么面对这样的现状企业应该如何应对新媒体对企业声誉的影响呢?本文则主要针对新媒体机制下企业应采取的具体措施加以分析,为企业更好地长足发展在危机预防机制、新媒体平台利用、企业文化建设及产品质量等四个方面提供了借鉴意见。     

基于经理人声誉机制的企业预算松弛治理探析

经理人的预算松弛是破坏组织预算有效性的一个重要因素,而预算松弛成因和治理需要从多角度分析以对症下药。基于经理人声誉考虑建立声誉机制,对进入经理市场的经理人和对未来有长期规划的经理人,在抑制预算松弛方面都能够发挥其积极作用。具体在实际操作中,可以采取建立基于相机奖励的声誉机制、基于参与式预算承诺的声誉机制两种措施。     

企业声誉也须投资

企业声誉，是指一个企业获得社会公众信任和赞美的程度，以及企业在社会公众中影响效果好坏的程度声誉管理是对企业声誉的创建和维护，是指企业以正确决策为核心，通过声誉投资、交往等手段，从每个员工做起，建立和维持与社会公众的信仟关系的一种现代管理方法。     

Managing knowledge leakage in strategic alliances: The effects of trust and formal contracts

Although strategic alliances offer opportunities for knowledge sharing and leveraging, they also carry the risk of knowledge leakage to partner firms. In this study, we conceptualize the notion of knowledge leakage as a multidimensional construct and formalize its measurement. We examine the effects of two dominant governance mechanisms—trust (goodwill trust and competence trust) and formal contracts on knowledge leakage. A survey of 205 partnering firms in China indicates that goodwill trust has a U-shaped relationship with knowledge leakage, whereas competence trust has a negative impact. Moreover, goodwill trust and competence trust interact differently with formal contracts on knowledge leakage. This study offers important theoretical and managerial insights for firms to manage knowledge leakage in strategic alliances.     

The many faces of trust and guanxi behavior: Evidence from marketing channels in China

This study examines how a trusting relationship influences firm boundary agents' guanxi behavior which involves saving face (wei hu mianzi), and affect investment (ganqing tou zi). At the individual level, we decompose trust into its competence and goodwill forms and examine their relative and interactive effects on guanxi behavior. A study conducted among 354 Chinese purchasing managers reveals that both competence trust and goodwill trust promote guanxi behavior, and these two types of character trust are substitutive for each other in terms of motivating the use of guanxi. At the firm level, calculative trust directly affects guanxi behavior and also negatively moderates the effect of competence trust on guanxi behavior. These results imply that calculative trust may substitute for competence trust in facilitating economic transactions and thereby reduce the use of guanxi in business interactions.     

Between contracts and trust: Disentangling the safeguarding and coordinating effects over the relationship life cycle

Despite a rich tradition in studying contract-trust nexus, the mutual relationship between these two modes of governance remains equivocal. Adopting a dual-functional and relationship-phase-contingent view of contracts, we theorize that firms' perception of the chief function of contracts varies throughout the relationship life cycle, which results in a relationship-phase-contingent contract-trust nexus. We tested our hypotheses with data collected from the supplier-retailer dyads using quasi-longitudinal analysis. The results indicate that contracts substitute goodwill trust in the exploration phase because of the significantly negative effect of the safeguarding function, whereas in the expansion phase, contracts complement goodwill trust because the positive effect of the coordination function dominates. In the maturity phase, because the effects of the two functions on goodwill trust are both significant, with neither of them dominating the total effect, the net effect of contracts on goodwill trust becomes insignificant. Overall, we provide new insights into when and how contracts complement or substitute goodwill trust throughout the relationship life cycle.     

Relationship stability, trust and relational risk in marketing channels: Evidence from China

This paper provides an integrated framework for examining effects of relationship stability and trust on relational risk and for exploring the moderating effects of guanxi on the relationships between trust and relational risk in marketing channels. The framework is tested with 225 dyads of questionnaires about buyer-supplier relationships in the Chinese household appliances sector. The results indicate that relationship length and dyadic solidarity can reduce the relational risk perceived by buyers through goodwill trust in their suppliers, but can increase the perceived relational risk through trust in their competence. Guanxi helps to weaken the positive relationship between a buyer's trust in suppliers' competence and its perceived relational risk, and dyadic solidarity can directly lower relational risk. This paper makes clear that buyers locked in a stable relationship will face relational risk, and it further identifies the specific variables which impact on the relational risk and the paths from which relational risk comes.     

How does trust affect alliance performance? The mediating role of resource sharing

Although the direct impact of trust on alliance performance is well documented, little is known about how trust affects alliance performance. Based on the resource-based view, this study develops a model that employs resource sharing as a critical mediating mechanism through which trust affects alliance performance. Using survey data from 205 Chinese firms that were engaged in alliances, we find broad support for the mediated effects of trust. Interestingly, we also find that goodwill trust matters more to tangible than to intangible resource sharing, whereas competence trust matters more to intangible than to tangible resource sharing. Overall, our research provides important implications for firms seeking to translate their trust into superior alliance performance.     

Exhibited trust and excessive knowledge specificity: A competitive altruism hypothesis

To expound upon a hidden and intrinsic mechanism in the formation of trust, this study links competitive altruism to a component of the trust phenomenon by introducing the concept of exhibited trust. It is speculated that initiating trust is a more value-oriented action, with the purpose of improving the reputation of a firm as an ideal partner through the exhibition of trust. The concern regarding the potential for opportunism is less in this situation. The motivation to form trust is linked to the moral aspect of cooperative actions. Exhibited trust, as a conspicuous display of altruism, can function to build and maintain reputation in a business relationship. A competitive altruism hypothesis is constructed in two ways to investigate the role of excessive knowledge specificity in exhibiting the trusting ability of a firm and is subsequently tested using two survey datasets.     

When does (not) a coopetitive relationship matter to performance? An empirical investigation of the role of multidimensional trust and distrust

Despite substantive evidence showing mixed results on the association between a coopetitive relationship and performance, surprisingly little theory explains the contingencies under which a coopetitive relationship does (or does not) matter to performance. By combining insights from the trust-distrust literature and 18 in-depth managerial conversations, this study unpacks the multidimensional nature of trust (i.e., goodwill and competence) and distrust (i.e., malevolence and discredibility) and suggests that the effect of a coopetitive relationship matters to performance, when both trust and distrust are present (at moderate to high levels), but fails to do so when one of them is low and the other is high. The results based on a sample of Swedish firms provide full support for the hypotheses. In terms of theoretical contributions, this study challenges the old wisdom suggesting trust as good and distrust as bad, extends the current understanding of trust and distrust beyond their one-dimensionality, and provides a novel approach to understanding when a coopetitive relationship performs well and when it does not. In terms of practical relevance, it suggests that firms adopt a paradox mindset (with a focus on both trust and distrust) to unlock the positive potential of a coopetitive relationship.     

The trade-off between trust and distrust in supply chain collaboration

Trust and distrust can play an important role in a healthy supply chain collaborative relationship, and both carry potential shortcomings. Little attention has been paid to understanding and explaining the development process of trust and distrust in supply chain collaborations, especially in an international context. Using the Transaction Cost Economics theory, this study begins by discussing expressions of trust and distrust within the context of a supply chain collaboration dyad. Then, we explore how trust and distrust interact at a network level. Using a novel, longitudinal, multi-case-study approach, this paper provides new empirical evidence of the complementary roles of trust and distrust in supply chain collaboration, exploring how these concepts work together across different stages of the relationship and in different contexts. This study distinguishes between ‘competence trust’ and ‘integrity trust’ concerning collaboration contracts which typically create distrust. Finally, this paper offers unique insights into the influence of culture on the interpretation and performance of trust and distrust in international supply chain collaboration, grounded in the context of the Chinese automotive industry.     

Good Cop–Bad Cop: Trust,Control, and the Lure of Integration

Based on a longitudinal case study of four interorganizational product development collaborations, this paper identifies a lure to cross‐functional integration that has hereto been neglected. In particular, findings suggest that when the buyer firm separates the Research and Development (R&D) Department from the Procurement Department, the two departments play a good cop–bad cop strategy toward the supplier. Thereby, they are able to foster a high level of goodwill trust between R&D personnel of the collaborating firms, while procurement personnel maintain a high level of formal control. Using an intricate sample design with polar cases, the study shows that cross‐functional integration of the two departments hampers interorganizational goodwill trust at the benefit of formal control. The findings offer a way forward for managers seeking to reap the benefits of collaboration, while limiting their exposure to the associated risks.     

Adding co-creation as an antecedent condition leading to trust in business-to-business relationships

Trust enjoys wide acceptance among scholars as a key facilitator of inter-organisational relationship development, and successful relationship development demands an understanding of what drives the propensity to trust between organisations within both cognitive and affective dimensions of trust. The six most salient antecedents of trust within contemporary trust literature have been identified as satisfaction, communication, competence, shared values, benevolence and integrity. This research suggests that co-creation is also an important antecedent of trust in business-to-business relationships. Co-creation is described here as the active participation, interactions and collaboration of the buyer and seller and other actors in the marketing exchange to develop a deeper understanding of the customer problem solving context.The relative strength of the cognitive and affective aspects of trust antecedents, the moderating influence of business experience and seniority on the relationship between significant antecedents and trust is also explored. The analysis uses statistical tools and then probes deeper using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA).