河北省劳动力市场灵活性和保障性协调发展的对策研究——基于欧盟灵活保障模式

欧盟劳动力市场灵活保障模式通过灵活性和保障性的有机结合,实现了劳动力市场效率与公平的统一,创造了"就业奇迹"。在分析河北省劳动力市场灵活性和保障性现状的基础上,结合欧盟劳动力市场灵活保障模式的经验,有针对性地提出了河北省劳动力市场灵活性和保障性协调发展的对策。     

河北省弱势群体就业状况探析

随着全面建设小康社会的不断推进,实现"全体社会成员共享经济发展成果",确保每个人生存权、发展权,是当前经济社会工作的重点。而如何让那些处于社会边缘的弱势群体参与到分享经济发展成果的队伍中来,则成为推进小康社会建设的主要困难。根据对河北省弱势群体的就业现状进行分析,提出促进弱势群体就业需要落实政策,需要法律化、制度化,还需要全社会的支持。     

对"弱势群体"关怀的宏观经济政策与方法选择

“对弱势群体给予特殊的就业援助”，体现了党和政府对“弱势群体”的关怀，已引起社会各界的高度关注。文章分析了对“弱势群体”关怀的必要性，在此基础上提出了对“弱势群体”关怀的宏观经济政策与方法：收入援助上实行负所得税方案；制定和落实援助计划要多听取“弱势群体”的呼声与要求；不断完善我国的社会保障制度；加强税收的征管工作，使援助计划有财力保障；建立对“弱势群体”的培训提高机制。     

低碳经济与民生保障：矛盾与协调

发展低碳经济,不应忽视弱势群体的民生保障问题,二者存在辩证统一的关系。文章从低碳活动中的成本发生、转嫁、归宿入手,分析对普通民众和弱势群体的就业权、生存权、生活方式选择权及社会保障权的影响。从公共品定价机制、财税制度、补偿机制以及配套的公共政策构建角度,研究低碳经济与民生保障的协调发展问题,为保证低碳经济的可持续发展、维护社会的公平稳定提出了相应的对策。     

陕西省技术进步对就业的影响研究

技术进步对就业的破坏机制和补偿机制同时存在。技术进步的就业破坏机制,表现为就业总量减少;技术进步的就业补偿机制,则表现为就业总量增加。本文通过对陕西省技术进步和就业的现状及其存在的现实问题研究分析,提出了加大科研投入,强化企业在自主创新中的主体地位、采取更为积极和灵活的政策,推进科技成果向产品转化、完善技术创新体系,推动技术转移扩散、全面提升产业结构,大力发展第三产业等对策和建议。     

对石油企业社会责任问题的思考

新世纪以来,在世界范围内出现了强化公司社会责任的新潮流.人们对企业的期望,已经不仅仅局限于解决就业、赚取利润和缴纳税收等基本功能,而是更希望企业有效地履行社会责任,承担起推动社会进步、保护环境和生态、维护市场秩序、扶助社会弱势群体、参与社区发展、保障员工权益等一系列社会责任和义务.跨国公司在履行社会责任方面已经迈出了实质性步伐,并取得了很大成效,我国政府、企业和社会各界也越来越关注企业的社会责任问题.中国石油企业作为关系国民经济发展和国计民生的重要基础性骨干企业,应当立足大局,着眼长远,在履行经济责任和政治责任的同时,深入研究和全面履行好企业的社会责任,树立起负责任大公司的良好社会形象,成为优秀的"企业公民".     

德国弱势群体社区就业扶助先进经验及其对我国的启示

由于经济的发展和社会结构的转型,一部分社会成员沦为弱势群体。而社区就业有门槛低、服务周到、针对性强的特点,这使得它成为弱势群体在空间上的沉积点,是对弱势群体进行就业扶助的一个重要平台。从德国的实践可以看出,社区可以很好的给予弱势群体就业扶助,帮助其实现公平和体面就业。德国先进的做法及经验对我国弱势群体社区就业扶助的发展具有重要的借鉴意义。     

农民工返乡生存状态及其就业保障网研究

由于深受金融危机的影响,返乡农民工处于家庭生活贫困化、社会保障权益缺失、就业状况边缘化的境地。要改变其这种受排斥、受剥夺的现状,重获职业地位,应该构建一个为返乡农民工提供物质、行为、精神等支持的就业保障网,包括正式就业保障网（政府主导失业预防、失业补救和失业保险政策、社会保障制度健全）和非正式就业保障网（社会团体合作参与、社会工作者提供专业化服务及关系网资源有效利用）。     

煤炭企业社会责任研究

结合我国煤炭行业实际情况,构建了适用于我国煤炭企业的社会责任体系,并提出相关的政策建议以保障煤炭企业社会责任体系的顺利运行,从而实现我国煤炭行业的可持续发展。     

21世纪初我国能源安全的战略选择

在对我国2020年以前能源供需形势和能源安全面临的挑战的分析基础上,深入分析了美国、欧盟、日本、印度等国家和地区能源安全战略的基本取向,结合国情提出了我国应选择的能源安全战略模式和供应体系的建设构想,即确立自主、开放型的能源安全模式,构建"国内能源勘探开发生产、进口能源供应和国内能源战略储备"三位一体的能源供应体系,采取配套的战略保障措施。     

河北省第三产业发展的就业效应研究

从第三产业整体和内部两个维度,对河北省第三产业的产业结构、就业弹性和就业结构偏离度等指标进行了分析,借以发现河北省重点发展行业,为今后河北经济的发展和解决就业问题提供依据。     

Extra‐Institutional Changes under Pressure from Posting

The posting of workers has become a key topic in debates about how national labour relations respond to pressures from EU market making. While most prior studies have shown that national employment relations are under pressure from above (via EU regulation) and from below (due to increasing use of posting), the question is whether these pressures will lead to erosion of employment relations or adaptation at the national level. Taking the case of posting in the Danish construction sector, the article shows that, while formal institutions stay the same through minor adaptation, the increasing use of posting has led to changes in the strategies of the social partners, shifts in predominant policy arenas and the appearance of new actors on the regulatory scene. As such, we argue that conflicts regarding posting are driving a process of extra‐institutional change.     

灵活就业市场的新制度经济学分析

灵活就业是当前和今后实现扩大就业的途径之一。从新制度经济学的观点入手,引入交易费用理论,建立灵活就业条件方程,分析了灵活就业和灵活用工的微观决策机制。指出,就业机会、社会资本、人力资本及其利用效率形成正规就业阈值;物质资本、人力资本初始值及其净收益是灵活就业方式选择的决定因素。     

Flexible Contract Workers in Inferior Jobs: Reappraising the Evidence

There is concern that the increase in flexible employment contracts witnessed in many OECD economies is evidence of a growth in low‐pay, low‐quality jobs. In practice, it is difficult to evaluate the ‘quality’ of flexible jobs. Previous research has primarily investigated objective measures of job quality such as wages and training or subjective measures such as job satisfaction. We jointly evaluate these elements of flexible employment contracts using a job quality index. Analysis of this index demonstrates that flexible jobs are of a lower quality. Differences in the subjective and objective assessment of factors like pay and hours are evident.     

独立学院服装设计与工程专业教学改革思路探讨

通过研究独立学院服装设计与工程专业人才培养目标,探讨了从明确专业建设发展方向、完善师资队伍建设、优化教学体系与教学方法、强化实践教学内容、健全教学质量保障体系等方面进行改革,以培养具有较强实践能力和创新精神,具有就业竞争优势与可持续发展基础的应用型高级专门人才;提出了适应广东特别是珠三角经济社会发展需要的应用型本科人才培养模式和课程体系,为独立学院的发展能更好地适应地方经济社会发展的需要提供参考。     

Towards a New Standard Employment Relationship in Western Europe

This paper examines critically the concept of the standard employment relationship (SER), differentiating between form and substance. It explores the social functions served by the SER and its evolution in western Europe. Six major causes underpinning changes in the employment relationship are explored and the contours of a new more flexible SER developed. Two further social functions are added: equal access for men and women to the employment system, and increased internal flexibility in the workplace.     

Does the digital economy generate a gender dividend for female employment? Evidence from China

Using data from the China General Social Survey, the China Family Panel Studies, and a unique dataset of enterprises' online recruitment, this research examines the effect of the digital economy on female employment. The empirical results suggest that the digital economy significantly promotes female employment. Consistent with our theoretical analysis, the estimates indicate that this relationship holds because the digital economy promotes the formation of egalitarian gender perspectives, promotes the use of digital technology, and increases labor demand emphasizing the necessity for female-preference occupations. The dividend of the digital economy is tilted toward vulnerable groups in the labor market, including the low-skilled, older, and rural workforce, and only exerts an employment promotion effect on women without parenting burden. Further examination reveals evidence that digitalization has not led to a holistic improvement in the quality of female employment. Digitalization lengthens the working hours of severely underemployed female workers, and improves women's occupational status and job satisfaction; however, it has a minimal impact on protecting employees' rights and interests or reducing overtime workers' work intensity. Nonself-employed, full-time, and part-time workers all benefit from the development of the digital economy, while self-employed workers do not. In addition, a weakening effect of digitalization on the gender employment gap is not evident, which relates to the digital economy generating a female dividend in terms of promoting gender equality and increasing labor demand but resulting in a digital gender divide in the use of digital technology.     

Designing flexible work practices for job satisfaction: the relation between job characteristics and work disaggregation in different types of work arrangements

The literature on flexible work practices has not yet evaluated in detail how the characteristics of a job affect job satisfaction. This study makes a distinction between two types of flexible work practices according to their aims: the accommodation of employees’ personal lives (employment practice) and the operational reasons of a firm (work practice). Based on this distinction, we studied how the characteristics of a job, which reflect the use of ICT to support the spatial disaggregation of business processes, influence the relationship between the two types of flexible work practices and job satisfaction. We show, through a survey conducted on 987 workers, that the characteristics of a job that favour work disaggregation positively moderate the influence of flexible work as a work practice on job satisfaction, but they do not moderate the influence of flexible work as an employment practice. The implications for managers, workers and scholars are discussed.     

Is business lobbying in the European Union context-dependent? Evidence from the policy field of radio spectrum

This paper investigates contextual factors which impact on how business lobbying is carried out in radio spectrum policy in the European Union (EU). Based on the empirical evidence collected by means of ten expert interviews, the following considerations are drawn: first, the European Commission (hereafter “the Commission”) weighs highly information provided by corporate stakeholders which is in line with the EU objective to promote EU-wide coordinated use of radio spectrum. Second, the way the Council of the EU (hereafter “the Council”) is lobbied at EU level is unclear because of lack of transparency in the Council. Third, radio spectrum policy issues require niche expertise to be addressed because of high degree of complexity. Fourth, radio spectrum policy issues are characterised by low degree of salience as they are too technical for the wider public. Although centred on the EU context, the issues raised in this study, such as lack of transparency and civil society underrepresentation, are not unique to the EU system. In this respect, comparative studies between the EU and other institutional contexts may contribute to a better understanding of variation in business lobbying.