Export diversification,mean-reversion of exports,and stability of export–growth causality

ABSTRACT

This study proposes a five-step statistical procedure to examine a linkage among export diversification, mean-reversion of exports, and stability of the export–growth causality. This linkage was assessed for France, Norway, and Switzerland between 1980Q1 and 2016Q4. The findings indicated that the mean-reversion tendency of the export sectors in France and Switzerland was stronger than in Norway, which highlighted the important role of export activities for economic growth in France and Switzerland. Also, the causal relationship between exports and economic growth in Norway was found to be more unstable than in France, but more stable than in Switzerland.     

Resource Acquisition,Internationalization, and the Catch-up Path of Chinese Construction Machinery Champions—The Case of Sany,XCMG, and Zoomlion

This study investigates the internationalization and resource accumulation process of the three largest Chinese construction machinery companies: Sany, XCMG and Zoomlion. It takes a longitudinal approach to analyze the internationalization process of the three companies over the last 25 years. Although the three companies’ paths in the early acquisition of technologies and firm-specific advantages (FSA) differ significantly, however, their internationalization process exhibits similar pattern. They all exploit the same home-country based FSAs in their south-south expansion into other emerging markets, and seem to mimic each other in their strategic moves. In the south-north expansion into advanced economies they skip the export stage and rely almost exclusively on foreign direct investment of both forms, greenfield and M&A, to pursue asset augmenting objectives and overcome their “liability of origin”. The study concludes by discussing several topics of interest, such as the implications of accelerated resource accumulation, the impact on competition with advanced multinationals in the home market or possible effects on the level of state support and risk taking behavior in the internationalization process by the companies’ ownership type.     

Leaders＇ Meeting：Chambers of Commerce and Industry of China,India and Russia

From November 5 to 7,Vice Chairman of the CCPIT,Mr.Yu Ping led a delegation attending the meeting of leaders of the chambers of Commerce and Industry of China,India and Russia.During the meetings, Yu pointed out that the successful holding of the 1st China-India-Russia Entrepreneurs Conference in New Delhi, capital of India in December, 2007, has a remarkable influence on the business circles of China, India and Russia, whose ministers of foreign affairs spoke highly of the conference＇s significant role in enhancing exchanges and cooperation between the enterprises and suggested it be made regular when they met in Yekaterinburg,     

Leaders＇ Meeting：Chambers of Commerce and Industry of China,India and Russia

From November 5 to 7,Vice Chairman of the CCPIT,Mr.Yu Ping led a delegation attending the meeting of leaders of the chambers of Com- merce and Industry of China,India and Russia.During the meetings, Yu pointed out that the successful holding of the 1st China-India-Russia     

HSUJI,KINUS,Quality and Reputation Symbol of Shandong Peanuts

It is a fully 100 years sinceShandong started exportingpeanuts. In 1958,the ShandongCereals and Oils Branch of theChina National Cereals,Oils andFoodstuffs Import and ExportCorporation,specializing in theexport of peanuts,startedprocessing peanuts.In 1960,the branch began setting uppeanut export bases,and in 1964,it shifted the main focus of itsexports to Western Europe.In1966,the branch gave acommodity name to its newlydeveloped peanuts,HSUJI,Shandong has since then exportedits peanuts under their own name.     

Personality,person–brand fit,and brand community: An investigation of individuals,brands, and brand communities

Abstract

Brand communities have received considerable and warranted attention from marketing researchers and practitioners. Brand communities can be important sources of information for both the firm and other customers, and they play an important role in building and maintaining strong brands. Nevertheless, the antecedents of brand community identification, such as individual differences across consumers in the propensity to connect with brand communities, are not as well understood. We hypothesise that the enduring personality traits extraversion and agreeableness predict identification with the [brand] community, which in turn, and along with product attachment, will be related to brand trust and brand loyalty. Product attachment itself is hypothesised to be a function of person–brand congruity, the perceived fit between the person and the brand. Those relationships are tested and supported in data from a sample of 662 car enthusiasts attending a large brand community meeting or ‘brandfest’.     

The earliness of exporting and creeping sclerosis? The moderating effects of firm age,size and centralization

By using a sample of 644 manufacturing firms in four EU countries and five regions, we investigate the earliness/exporting relationship. Firstly, we examine the firm’s ability to retain LAN over time as it gets older and bigger. Secondly, we examine the role played by the firm’s decision-making structure. Our results reveal that exporting sclerosis does set in, as age and size of the firm significantly and negatively affect the earliness/exporting relationship. In addition, however, we find that centralization plays a role in the sclerotic effects of size (though only weakly for age), exacerbating their moderating effects on the earliness/exporting relationship. Our study claims to contribute to internationalization research by advancing the idea that LAN is not path-dependent but subject to liabilities. Beyond age and size, we add the more nuanced “liability of centralization” to boundary conditions for retaining LAN. Theoretical and managerial implications emerge.     

Relevance of Fundraising Charities’ Content-Marketing Objectives: Perceptions of Donors,Fundraisers, and Their Consultants

Many fundraising charities invest heavily in content marketing, often using consultants to direct their content-marketing efforts. Thus it is vital to establish whether certain key aims of content marketing suggested by literature in the field actually match the aspects of content marketing deemed most important by charity donors. This paper examines the significance attached by samples of charities, donors, and content-marketing consultancies to four possible major objectives of content marketing—the attainment of high–search-engine-results-page rankings, image enhancement through impression management, the stimulation of public perceptions of organizational transparency, and the creation of messages that “go viral.” Several major differences in perceptions emerged among the three groups, with substantial implications for how fundraising charities should manage their content-marketing programs and activities. Charity managements need to consider carefully and critically the possible returns on large-scale expenditures intended to pursue the putative aims of content marketing that are routinely advocated by practitioner and academic literature.     

God＇s will, Favorable Geographical Position and Support of People Shanxi Phoenix Road of Rain and Shine, Song of Work Energetically for the Prosperity of the Enterprise

Shanxi Phoenix Conveyor Belt Co., Ltd. situated at the beautiful garden city, Changzhi, which is at the south side of Taihang Mountain with convenient transportation, preponderant geographical position and one of the national key energy chemical industry bases,     

God‘s will, Favorable Geographical Position and Support of People Shanxi Phoenix Road of Rain and Shine, Song of Work Energetically for the Prosperity of the Enterprise

Shanxi Phoenix Conveyor Belt Co.,Ltd. situated at the beautiful garden city, Changzhi. which is at the south side of Taihang Mountain with convenient transportation, preponderant geographical position and one of the national key energy chemical industry bases, known as “home to coal“. The output of coal in Shanxi and Shaanxi accounts for 50% of the national coal output. So, the “Foreign Phoenix“settled down in this city.……     

Explore and Research Forum in Arbitration The New Rules of CIETAC, and its Problems and Development

IntroductionThe purpose of this study is to givean overview of the most recent rules ofthe CIETAC (China International Eco-nomic and Trade Arbitration Commis-sion) and to introduce the innovativeaspects of the new rules. It also aims todiscuss the prob1ems and developmentof the CIETAC. If this article can helpthe international community learn a bitmore about CIETAC and help CIETACto improve a bit more in the future, itwill have accomplished its purpose.Part One: Oveedew Of the Ne…     

What affects the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement? Impact of interplay among congruence,identification, and attribution

This study draws upon congruence theory, identification theory, and attribution theory as a means of examining how celebrity endorsement works. The study proposes that the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement may be influenced by the following three factors: congruence between a celebrity endorser and endorsed brand/product, identification with a celebrity endorser, and consumers’ attribution styles (i.e., internal vs. external). To test the proposed hypotheses, the study employs a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subject factorial design. A total of 317 college students participated in the study in return for course credits. The study findings suggest that congruence, identification, and consumers’ attribution styles indeed have impacts on consumers’ attitude toward ad, brand, or purchase intention. The study also finds that there is a relationship between congruence (low vs. high congruence) and attribution styles (internal vs. external). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

An independent assessment of the unidimensionality,reliability, validity and factor structure of the LibQUAL+™ scale

This empirical study provides a thorough measurement analysis of the LibQUAL+? scale for measuring library service quality. In particular, the study assesses the unidimensionality of the scale, the scale's psychometric properties and its factor structure. Data were gathered using a self-administered questionnaire distributed to a sample of university library users: 189 in Canada and 374 in Mexico. Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the study confirms the assumption of unidimensionality in only two of the three current sub-dimensions of the scale. The results of this study also show that the LibQUAL+? scale consists of four dimensions. The remainder of the CFA results in the study provides strong support for the general reliability and validity of the four-dimensional structure.     

Foreign Trade in 2007,Stable and Rapid Development Forecasted——Interview with Li Jian,Senior Researcher,Department of China's Foreign Trade,Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation,Ministry of Commerce

2006 is the fifth anniversary of China’s WTO Accession．As we have seen,China's for- eign trade has witnessed rapid development．We now have to be aware of some potential difficul- ties:trade surplus has increased greatly,the ex- change reserve has increased steeply,which has imposed great pressure on China's foreign trade polices and exchange policies;the unbalanced internationaltrade will continue;the RMB also faces appreciation;etc．Therefore,what foreign trade developments will occur in 20077? Will the situation improve? With these questions, China's Foreign Trade interviewed Prof．Li Jian, Senior Researcher,Department of China's For- eign Trade,Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation,Ministry of Commerce．     

Adult and Teenage Use of Consumer,Business, and Entertainment Technology: Potholes on the Information Superhighway?

Adults and teenagers were surveyed to determine their use and ownership of 32 consumer, business, and entertainment technology devices. Demographics, technology experience, and “technophobia” were examined as potential discriminators between Confident Users, Hesitant Users, and Nonusers of each technological device. Results indicated that older, technophobic adults with little computer training and lower income, black and Hispanic, technophobic teenagers did not use most technological devices.     

Does state ownership facilitate outward FDI of Chinese SOEs? Institutional development,market competition,and the logic of interdependence between governments and SOEs

Outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) of manufacturing state-owned enterprises (SOEs) from emerging economies (EE) has emerged as a significant phenomenon in global markets. Although previous research has emphasized the bright-side of state ownership in facilitating SOEs’ OFDI, the stream of research largely overlooks its dark-side effects. Drawing on resource dependence theory (RDT), we argue that state ownership creates dependence of SOEs on their home governments, which may undermine manufacturing SOEs’ willingness to conduct OFDI, autonomy and market orientation, and legitimacy in overseas markets. Thus, substantial state ownership may counteract with manufacturing SOEs’ OFDI from EE. Our empirical results, based on a sample of 507 Chinese publicly-listed manufacturing SOEs during 2007–2013, show that a high percentage of state-owned shares exerts negative effects on SOEs’ OFDI. Relative to local SOEs, central SOEs are less likely to engage in OFDI. Further, the negative effect of the percentage of state-owned shares on SOEs’ OFDI will be alleviated by institutional development and competition intensity. The study contributes to literature by making a real theoretical case for the dark-side effects of state ownership on manufacturing SOEs’ OFDI from EE.