浅谈规范银行卡收单业务管理

为规范银行卡收单业务管理,中国人民银行于2013年7月颁布实施了《银行卡收单业务管理办法》,本文分析新管理办法实施后银行卡收单业务所面临的机遇与挑战,并就如何推进特约商户营销转型,进一步拓展和优化银行卡收单业务,有效节约社会成本与降低单位成本,提高商业银行核心竞争力等提出建议。     

论银行卡收单业务风险管理

本文首先对银行卡收单业务进行了介绍,然后分析了银行卡收单业务所面临的主要风险,最后对完善银行卡收单业务风险管理提出了一些对策。     

透过POS机非法套现案件浅析收单机构对收单市场管理松懈的主要原因及对策

文章通过分析收单机构风险管理松懈的内外部原因,指出当前对收单机构管理存在法规缺失、监管合力不足,收单机构自身管理过于依赖外部、重业务拓展轻风险防控、资金监测分析不力等方面问题。提出鼓励理性竞争,加强风险管理,强化风险防范责任落实等措施,以推动银行卡收单市场健康有序发展。     

透过POS机非法套现案件浅析收单机构对收单市场管理松懈的主要原因及对策

文章通过分析收单机构风险管理松懈的内外部原因,指出当前对收单机构管理存在法规缺失、监管合力不足,收单机构自身管理过于依赖外部、重业务拓展轻风险防控、资金监测分析不力等方面问题。提出鼓励理性竞争,加强风险管理,强化风险防范责任落实等措施,以推动银行卡收单市场健康有序发展。     

江苏省银行卡收单市场发展状况调查

随着银行卡应用的日益普及以及非金融支付机构越来越多地参与银行卡收单业务,我国银行卡收单市场取得了快速增长,较好地满足了日益增长的支付需求。然而,在银行卡收单市场发展过程中部分收单机构存在未严格落实商户实名制、商户类别码设置不规范、不遵守业务规则和市场秩序、机具管理不规范、外包服务管理缺位等问题,影响了银行卡产业的健康发展。本文总结了江苏省银行卡收单市场发展现状,分析了江苏省银行卡收单市场竞争趋势,阐述了江苏省银行卡收单市场存在的问题,并有针对性地提出促进银行卡产业健康发展的对策。     

汕头支付机构银行卡收单业务监管研究

当前支付机构作为新的市场力量,在银行卡收单市场扮演越来越重要的角色,但是支付机构起步较晚,风险防范意识薄弱,其银行卡收单市场存在的问题亟待关注。笔者通过对汕头辖区支付机构银行卡收单业务现状进行深入调研,发现支付机构银行卡收单市场相关法规尚未完善、收单市场存在无序竞争情况、收单市场监管乏力等问题,并对基层央行如何加强对支付机构银行卡收单业务的监管提出相应的政策建议。     

非金融支付机构银行卡收单业务的乱象与治理

《非金融机构支付服务管理办法》实施以来,非金融支付机构(以下简称"支付机构")的银行卡收单业务迅速向一线以下城市发展,延伸到市、县甚至乡镇等基层地区。与此同时,部分支付机构银行卡收单业务的违规行为也呈现多发态势。笔者结合辖内银行卡收单业务的现场检查、日常监管情况,呼吁高度重视和尽快治理部分支付机构银行卡收单业务"野蛮生长"过程中出现的种种乱象,并提出相应的治理政策与建议。     

关于完善银行卡收单定价机制的思考

银行卡收单定价机制关乎产业各方利益,是影响产业发展的重要因素。随着我国银行卡市场的迅速发展,银行卡收单业务的内涵和外延不断变化,银行卡收单费率政策也经历了多次调整。本文首先从可持续发展能力、市场竞争秩序、市场公平性及消费者权益保护角度,剖析了我国现行收单定价机制存在的主要问题,接着对美国、韩国等国收单定价模式进行了比较分析,最后建议从合理确定收单费率水平、切实维护市场价格秩序、充分发挥规模经济效应等方面入手,进一步完善收单定价机制,以期对我国银行卡市场的长远健康发展有所贡献。     

线下银行卡收单市场风险与监管研究——以内蒙古自治区为例

近年来,由于微信、支付宝等新型支付方式迅速发展,线下银行卡收单业务被大量分流,活跃商户数量下降明显,部分收单机构缺乏市场份额和支付场景,在主营业务无法突破的情况下铤而走险,违法违规经营。本文通过对辖内收单机构开展调研,分析线下银行卡收单市场存在的问题,从限制特约商户受理终端使用数量、规范支付受理终端押金收取方式、强化收单机构外包业务管理、强化交易风险监测处置管理、强化终端使用管理等方面提出监管建议。     

支付机构银行卡收单业务违规行为与治理

自《非金融机构支付服务管理办法》实施以来,非金融支付机构（以下简称“支付机构”）的银行卡收单业务迅速从一线城市向二线、三线城市呈几何级乘数发展,甚至延伸到乡镇等基层地区.与此同时,部分支付机构收单业务的违规行为也日趋严重,违规形式朝多样性、隐蔽性、高科技化发展.如对支付机构的违规行为不加以遏制,则无法引导银行卡收单市场向健康、有序和支持实体经济的方向发展,银行卡收单市场整体水平将走向下行通道,更无法应对支付行业国际化的严峻形势.本文结合目前支付机构银行收单业务的违规乱象,分析其中原因,并提出相应的治理建议.     

A Neural Network Approach for Analyzing Small Business Lending Decisions

In this paper, we apply the neural network method to small business lending decisions. We use the neural network to classify the loan applications into the groups of acceptance or rejection, and compare the model results with the actual decisions made by loan officers. Data were collected from a leading bank in Central New York. The sample contains important financial statement and business information of borrowers and the loan officers' decisions. We conduct the network training on the data sample and find that the neural network has a stronger discriminating power for classifying the acceptance and rejection groups than traditional parametric and nonparametric classifiers. The results show that the neural network model has a high predictive ability. Our findings suggest that neural networks can be a very useful tool for enhancing small-business lending decisions and reducing loan processing time and costs.     

对个体工商户受理信用卡业务制约因素的探析

为防止恶意套现,2009年8月央行出台了有关加强银行卡安全的文件,明确规定严格收单结算账户管理,禁止将特约商户（含固定电话支付业务的特约商户）的个人结算账户设置为信用卡收单账户。本文在对克拉玛依地区银行卡推广使用情况调查的基础上,阐释了关闭信用卡受理功能后对市民、商户造成的不利影响,分析了转开单位结算账户受理信用卡存在的成本较大、手续烦琐,且现金流动不便的问题,并提出了相关对策建议。     

A meta-analysis of factors affecting acceptance of information technology in auditing

Technology advancements provide opportunities for auditors to use new tools in the audit process. This study presents a synthesis of technology-related auditing research to identify factors affecting the use of technology in auditing. We analyze 88 studies in identifying 21 factors relevant to technology acceptance in auditing based on country of origin (developed or developing), user type (external or internal), type of technology (traditional or advanced), firm size (Big 4 or non-Big 4), and publication time (before and after 2013). Our results show that the most important factors in accepting technology from an individual perspective are facilitator conditions, perceived usefulness, and understanding of ease of use. Technology acceptance factors relevant to an organizational perspective are cost-benefit technology, competitive pressure, company readiness, and matching technology-task. Results suggest that perceived usefulness and subjective norm are more important in developed countries and Big 4 audit firms, while auditors in developing countries and non-Big 4 audit firms are more influenced by perceived ease of use, facilitating conditions, and organizational factors. Adopting traditional technologies is also more influenced by understanding the ease of use, subjective norms, and top management support than advanced technologies. This study contributes to the literature by assessing technology acceptance factors in auditing and thus provides policy, practice, and research implications.     

Technology acceptance: Not all organisations or workers may be the same

The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is widely accepted by researchers in the IT field as a reliable tool able to predict acceptance of new technology by individuals. The majority of these studies have used participants (both students and non-students) from within traditional businesses functions, e.g., accounting and finance. The ability of TAM to predict technology acceptance across all situations is not well documented. During the past decade there has been an increasing interest in research within Not-for-Profit (NFP) organisations. This paper considers whether people likely to pursue careers within the NFP sector have different attitudes to technology and whether such differences affect the measures used within technology acceptance models. A survey of business and social science undergraduate students, those most likely to enter careers in the Business vs. the NFP sector, indicated differences between the two groups that may impact on the technology acceptance models.     

中国上市银行票据贴现业务的行业角色、运营效率与启示

2009年,中国上市银行票据承兑与贴现业务在较好地发挥支持和调节信贷投放作用的同时也获得了良好的收益。该文对中国14家上市银行2009年年度报告中披露的有关票据业务数据进行了系统的比较分析后发现,在票据产业链中中小型银行更侧重于发挥签票承兑的票源供应商的角色,大型银行更侧重于发挥票据贴现的融资供应商角色;同时,中小型银行票据贴现业务的收益率和运营效率相对较高。以此为基础,文章总结了商业银行开展票据业务的主要经营模式,并提出了票据业务发展的对策建议。     

银保协作、风险自留与银行信用风险补偿——基于银保信贷系统的分析视角

在分析风险自留的内生逻辑基础上,进一步分析风险自留实现银行信用风险补偿的内在机理。研究表明：银保信贷系统通过对贷款企业个体风险与事先设定的平均代偿风险的匹配性甄别,实现对银行信用风险的分级补偿功能。针对银行超预期信用风险,先行实施银行风险拨备机制对银行平均代偿风险进行补偿,然后实施超额风险自留机制对超过平均代偿风险的银行超额风险部分再次进行补偿,超额风险自留补偿基金将由银行与担保机构依据各自的风险均衡配置阈值占比共同筹集,以此来实现银行信用风险分级补偿目标。并以此为依据,设计了银保信贷系统风险自留机制。     

论银行承兑汇票的有因性

银行承兑汇票有因性是其存在的前提和基础,但若过分强调其有因性,可能会阻碍银行承兑汇票的正常流通.在当前的票据法律体系中,应明确票据有因性与无因性的边界,并从审查方式、审查程度、法律责任三个方面明确相关主体的责任,以进一步规范票据金融市场秩序.     

网络嵌入性、商业模式创新与企业竞争优势关系研究

基于商业模式创新中介效应,依据全国314家企业问卷调查的样本数据,运用多元线性回归方法,考量网络嵌入性、商业模式创新和企业竞争优势之间关系,结果发现:关系嵌入性、结构嵌入性与竞争优势均有显著的正向关系;商业模式创新在关系嵌入性、结构嵌入性与企业竞争优势的关系中起着中介作用.鉴此,企业应注重构建不同形式的网络嵌入,推动商业模式的调整与变革,以提高企业竞争优势.     

Convergence between US GAAP and IFRS: Acceptance of IFRS by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Abstract

The world's capital markets stand to benefit significantly from widespread acceptance and use of global accounting standards that are high quality, comprehensive and rigorously applied. The US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced in April 2007 a series of actions it intends to take relating to the acceptance of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). To implement this, the SEC proposed in July 2007 amendments to Form 20-F and conforming changes to SEC Regulation S-X to accept financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS without reconciliation to US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) when contained in the filings of foreign private issuers with the SEC. This paper analyses the forces driving convergence between US GAAP and IFRS and discusses the most recent activities by the SEC in relation to IFRS and international cooperation, including the SEC vote as of 15 November 2007, to allow foreign private issuers to prepare their financial statements using IFRS as issued by the IASB without reconciling to US GAAP.     

Modelling and trading the EUR/USD exchange rate at the ECB fixing

The motivation for this paper is to investigate the use of alternative novel neural network (NN) architectures when applied to the task of forecasting and trading the euro/dollar (EUR/USD) exchange rate, using the European Central Bank (ECB) fixing series with only auto-regressive terms as inputs. This is done by benchmarking four different NN designs representing a higher-order neural network (HONN), a Psi Sigma Network and a recurrent neural network with the classic multilayer perception (MLP) and some traditional techniques, either statistical such as an auto-regressive moving average model, or technical such as a moving average convergence/divergence model, plus a naïve strategy. More specifically, the trading performance of all models is investigated in a forecast and trading simulation on the EUR/USD ECB fixing time series over the period 1999–2007 using the last one and half years for out-of-sample testing, an original feature of this paper. We use the EUR/USD daily fixing by the ECB as many financial institutions are ready to trade at this level and it is therefore possible to leave orders with a bank for business to be transacted on that basis. As it turns out, the MLP does remarkably well and outperforms all other models in a simple trading simulation exercise. However, when more sophisticated trading strategies using confirmation filters and leverage are applied, the HONN network produces better results and outperforms all other NN and traditional statistical models in terms of annualized return.