公司并购的税收协同效应及观点分析

在公司并购动因的理论探讨中,“税收协同效应”一直是备受关注的因素,经济学家们对并购的税收协同效应进行了大量的探讨与辩论,形成了丰硕的理论成果。本文探讨了税制中形成并购税收协同效应的因素,以及经济学家们对这些因素的理论贡献。     

The Evidence on Product-Market Diversifying Acquisitions and Joint Ventures by U.S. Banks

We examine the acquisition and joint venture strategies of U.S. banks from 1980 to 1998 to diversify into non-banking sectors. We find that the market responds favorably to both types of expansions, with the gains being shared between acquiring banks and their targets and venture banks and their non-bank partners, respectively. Acquisitions expose acquiring banks to significant increases in nonsystematic, market, and total risk, while joint ventures result in significant decreases in the nonsystematic and total risk measures for participating banks. Our results suggest that product-market expansions, in general, provide U.S. banks with value-enhancing opportunities, and that joint ventures may improve both the return and risk characteristics of the partner banks.     

Does the quality of acquisitions inform bond rating revisions?

A bond rating upgrade (downgrade) is more likely when preceded by acquisitions that meet with positive (negative) announcement-period abnormal returns suggesting that decisions of rating agencies are partly influenced by the quality of investments undertaken by companies. Parsing the sample along takeover motives reveals that rating upgrades are more likely in value-creating acquisitions motivated by synergy while acquisitions motivated by agency considerations are more likely to elicit a rating downgrade. Following a rating downgrade however, firms seem to significantly alter their investment policies as such firms tend to make fewer but higher quality acquisitions. In addition, value creation through synergy seems to be the dominant motive in acquisitions for downgraded firms post rating downgrade.     

论反垄断法视野下国际并购行为的法律规制

随着经济全球化深入发展,资本流动的形式日趋多样化,国际并购即是这股资本流动浪潮中最为重要的一种形式。我国应在反垄断法相关规定的基础上,立足我国具体国情,借鉴欧盟、美国关于国际反垄断规制的先进经验,完善我国关于国际并购行为规制的反垄断法律体系,加强《反垄断法》在规制国际并购行为中的可操作性,实现国际并购行为的积极效应,促使我国经济实现可持续发展。     

The Motivation of International Insurance Mergers and Acquisitions and Revelation to China

20世纪90年代以来,全球保险业经历了一场前所未有的并购风潮。本文分析了此次国际保险业并购风潮的动因、特点：世界经济一体化的推动和促进;保险全球化发展的必然要求;先进的科技手段成为大规模保险并购的重要技术支撑;政府政策导向和监管条例的变化等,对保险业的并购起到了推波助澜的作用。此次国际保险业并购风潮对中国保险业的发展具有十分重要的启示。     

放松卖空管制能够抑制并购商誉泡沫吗？

本文以我国放松卖空管制作为切入点,系统检验了其对并购商誉泡沫的影响。研究发现,放松卖空管制之后,超额商誉显著下降,同时商誉资产也显著下降,且该效应在民营控股公司中更显著;机制检验发现,卖空通过吸引更多分析师跟踪、增加对管理者的激励来抑制商誉泡沫;进一步研究发现,在市场化水平较高、行业竞争度较低的情形下,卖空机制对商誉泡沫的抑制作用更强。本文的研究结论丰富了卖空和并购商誉领域的文献,并为以市场导向原则化解并购商誉泡沫提供了新思路和新范式。     

Modelling mean reversion of asset prices towards their fundamental value

In this paper we extend the study of mean reversion behavior by modelling the fundamental value as a stochastic process. The market value of the asset is then modelled as a mean reverting Ornstein Uhlenbeck process towards the fundamental value. Solving backwards, we determine the functional form of the regression equation of changes in asset prices and returns to changes to the fundamental value. Using earnings and dividends as proxies for the fundamental value we test our model empirically. In general, other than the shortest horizon of 1-year, our model shows good explanatory power. Since our model is compatible with Campbell and Shiller (1988) framework in the earnings case and Fama and French (1988) model in the dividend case, the performance of our model has been compared with those two models. In comparison, the performance of our model is comparable to that of Campbell and Shiller and compares favorably with Fama and French.     

业绩承诺背后的财富转移效应研究

业绩承诺已成为我国上市公司并购重组的基本特征,但在这一热潮下,违约现象也屡有发生,促使人们思考业绩承诺背后的真实动机。本文基于我国资本市场的高频交易数据,从财富转移与信号传递两个视角辨析了并购重组中业绩承诺对机构和个人投资者在资金流向与投资收益方面的影响。研究发现,业绩承诺信息公告后,小投资者会更多买入并购企业股票,其投资收益为负并遭受了较大损失;而大投资者则显著降低其持仓,投资收益显著为正,财富效应在大小投资者之间转移明显。进一步的研究还发现,财富转移效应在业绩承诺违约、自愿性业绩承诺的并购重组中的差异更大,这表明业绩承诺更多以保护机制之名行信息优势之实。而深层次的分析发现,信息透明度较高、对投资者利益保护较好的公司,其财富转移效应差异程度会得到较好抑制,大投资者的信息优势和知情交易行为有所收敛。本文的研究发现佐证了业绩承诺机制背后财富转移效应的存在,其结论启示我们,不断提高公司信息透明度、合理设定业绩承诺发生违约时的赔偿额和加大对业绩承诺违约的处罚力度仍是业绩承诺发挥真正保护机制的重中之重。     

The acquisitiveness of youth: CEO age and acquisition behavior

I demonstrate that acquisitions are accompanied by large, permanent increases in Chief Executive Officer (CEO) compensation, which create strong financial incentives for CEOs to pursue acquisitions earlier in their career. Accordingly, I document that a firm's acquisition propensity is decreasing in the age of its CEO: a firm with a CEO who is 20 years older is ∼30%$\sim 30\%$ less likely to announce an acquisition. This negative effect of CEO age on acquisitions is strongest among firms where CEOs likely anticipate or can influence high post-acquisition compensation, and is absent for other investment decisions that are not rewarded with permanent compensation gains. The age effect cannot be explained by the selection of young CEOs by acquisition-prone firms, nor by a story of declining overconfidence with age. This paper underscores the relevance of CEO personal characteristics and CEO-level variation in agency problems for corporate decisions.     

跨国并购新趋势下我国证券交易所公司化的法律思考

全球金融一体化的趋势与市场竞争压力的加剧,使得全球新一轮证券交易所跨国并购浪潮再次掀起。在推动我国资本市场发展进程中,证券交易所公司化转型是提升我国资本市场市场化与国际化水平的重要前提。面对证券交易所公司化改制引发的证券交易所商业角色与监管角色失衡、自我上市与自我监管冲突、监管权力滥用以及自律监管与公共监管冲突等一系列问题,应当立足我国证券交易所的自身发展状况,结合国外成功经验,适时更新自律概念的内涵,重新设定自律监管模式,并作出相应的制度安排,如完善内部治理、强化外部监管、健全信息披露等,从而有效消除公司化改制带给自律监管的影响,优化公司制证券交易所的作用。     

A Stochastic Correlation Model with Mean Reversion for Pricing Multi-Asset Options

We set up a new kind of model to price the multi-asset options. A square root process fluctuating around its mean value is introduced to describe the random evolution of correlation between two assets. In this stochastic correlation model with mean reversion term, the correlation is a random walk within the region from −1 to 1, and it is centered around its equilibrium value. The trading strategy to hedge the correlation risk is discussed. Since a solution of high-dimensional partial differential equation may be impossible, the Quasi-Monte Carlo and Monte Carlo methods are introduced to compute the multi-asset option price as well. Taking a better-of two asset rainbow as an example, we compare our results with the price obtained by the Black–Scholes model with constant correlation.     

Announcement effects of bank mergers in Europe and the US

We investigate the announcement effect of large bank mergers in the European and US stock market. Cumulative abnormal returns are calculated on the basis of the performance vis-à-vis the market and a sector index. Mergers result in small positive abnormal returns. Target banks realize significantly higher returns than bidders. In many respects, there is a difference between the announcement effects of European bank mergers compared to those in the US.     

反倾销如何影响了跨国并购

当前,贸易壁垒对中国构建更高层次的开放型经济体制造成了多重复杂影响。基于中国微观企业跨国并购以及反倾销微观案件数据,本文全面探究了反倾销贸易壁垒对跨国并购的影响效应与作用机制。通过多种稳健性估计发现,国家、行业不同层面反倾销壁垒,对企业跨国并购规模、并购数量具有显著的抑制效应。进一步分析发现,反倾销贸易壁垒有助于企业规避特定国家政策冲击,进而对企业跨国并购成功率具有一定带动效应;反倾销贸易壁垒加大了“上下游企业”并购协同成本,显著抑制了跨行业并购;反倾销对企业跨国并购的多重影响,与一国行业贸易竞争力降低存在显著关联。因此,要全面理性分析反倾销带来的跨国并购障碍与风险,制定符合企业自身的并购策略,积极利用同行业协同并购优势,规避贸易壁垒带来的负向冲击。     

中小股东积极主义对债券持有人财富的溢出影响——基于网络投票数据的实证研究

互联网降低了中小股东获取和使用信息的成本,也方便其借助网络进行投票表决。本文借助2008—2018年深交所上市公司的股东大会网络投票数据,基于公司债券持有人视角,理论分析和实证检验了中小股东积极主义的溢出效应。实证结果表明:中小股东主观上基于自身利益的积极主义行为,客观上能够显著增加所在公司的债券持有人财富,即存在正向溢出效应,并且该正向效应在统计和经济意义上均具有高度显著性。在控制内生性影响后,该作用依然存在。进一步探究其内在机理发现,中小股东积极主义通过提升公司业绩和增强财务稳健性,进而增加其所在公司的债券持有人财富。该溢出效应在较差的内部治理环境、投资者学习效应和畅通的外部信息渠道下更为显著。     

企业并购溢价对企业绩效的影响研究 ——基于我国沪深A股的实证检验

近年来,我国并购市场如火如荼,越来越多的企业选择通过并购来实现自己的战略目标,迅速占据市场地位,进入新兴行业.在并购交易热潮下,高溢价似乎也成为并购重组的\"标配\",高溢价并购屡见不鲜.可是企业支付高溢价换来的是否为优质资产,其是否能给企业带来价值的提升,这些都是值得研究的议题.因此,文章基于我国并购交易市场,研究了国内...     

Testing for mean reversion in heteroskedastic data II: Autoregression tests based on Gibbs-sampling-augmented randomization

A decade ago Fama and French [Fama, E.G., French, K.R., 1988. Permanent and temporary components of stock prices. J. Political Econ. 96 (2) 246–273] estimated that 40% of variation in stock returns was predictable over horizons of 3–5 yr, which they attributed to a mean reverting stationary component in prices. While it has been clear that the Depression and war years exert a strong influence on these estimates, it has not been clear whether the large returns of that period contribute to the information in the data or rather are a source of noise to be discounted in estimation. This paper uses the Gibbs-sampling-augmented randomization methodology to address the problem of heteroskedasticity in estimation of multi-period return autoregressions. Extending the sample period to 1995, we find little evidence of mean reversion. Examining subsamples, only 1926–1946 provides any evidence of mean reversion, while the post war period is characterized by mean aversion. A test of structural change suggests that this difference between pre and post war periods is significant.