中小企业主股权融资意愿与控制权偏好研究——基于中国私营中小企业的经验证据

文章以第七次全国私营企业抽样调查的3268个私营中小企业的经验数据为样本,实证检验了企业主的股权融资意愿及其与控制权偏好之间的关系。研究发现,中国私营中小企业中有约72%左右的企业主不愿通过股权的融资方式来获取资金,而且随着时间的推移,企业主的持股份额相对其他投资者而言趋于增加;同时,股权融资意愿与企业主的控制权偏好之间存在显著的正相关性。由于中国私营中小企业具有鲜明的个人治理特征,较低的股权融资意愿意味着大力促进股权融资缺乏坚实的基础,因此,在制度设计上需要兼顾企业主和外部投资人非经济因素方面的风险和控制权偏好,创新金融机制促进中小企业股权融资发展。     

Dimensions and Levels of Trust: Implications for Commitment to a Relationship

Previous research has found that trust is positively related to commitment in buyer-seller relationships. However, the validity of this finding is questionable because trust has been operationalized in many different ways. For example, prior research has not distinguished among levels of trust (interpersonal or organizational trust) and dimensions or motives of trust (credibility or benevolence). In this study, we distinguish among the levels and dimensions of trust. The results indicate that trust in a sales representative (interpersonal credibility) is more strongly related to commitment than trust in an organization (organizational credibility). In contrast, trust based on organizational benevolence is a stronger predictor of commitment than interpersonal benevolence.     

The Dynamics of Listed SMEs in China

We examine the dynamics of Chinese listed SMEs with respect to their post-market viability and growth after going public. The Kaplan–Meier estimation shows that SMEs are more likely to transition to a non-viable state than large firms. Further examination using the Cox model and the random effects model shows that SME dynamics are shaped by heterogeneous firm and industry characteristics, as well as the underlying financial and institutional environments. SME viability is distinguished by its ability to grow through learning along with age, aided by lower business risk, more focused business, easier access to equity finance, and less exposure to competition in remote regions. SME growth is constrained by a dispersed ownership structure, insufficient infrastructure to protect firms which are active in R&D, and the limited financing role of equity markets. The study also reveals that government initiatives in support of strategic development in the service industries and in the coastal regions are of importance in spurring SME growth.     

Particularistic and system trust among small and medium enterprises: A comparative study in China's transition economy

Guanxi, a type of particularistic trust observed in Confucian societies has mostly been viewed as a static phenomenon. It is not clear how the role of guanxi changes over time during institutional transitions. This field study of twenty one small and medium enterprises (SMEs) located in two large cities in Western China examines the changes in SME behaviors since the beginning of economic reforms in 1979. Based on neo-institutionalist trust perspectives, the article argues that the role of guanxi also arose from the paucity of market system trust created by the absence of well-established market institutions during China's transition from a centrally planned to a market economy. Guanxi became relatively less important when market system trust based on well-established institutions was firmly established. Regardless of past practices, the dynamics of institutional transitions leading to the establishment of system trust inevitably reshapes managerial as well as business behaviors, with adaptation occurring to the new rules of the market economy.     

人际关系、人际信任对企业间关系的影响——来自中国家电分销渠道的实证分析

边界管理人员是企业间关系营销的界面,不同企业的边界管理人员之间的人际关系和人际信任对企业间关系的发展具有重要影响。本研究通过选取代表性的关系变量,构建一个结构方程模型,以家电分销渠道中的分销商为样本来源,检验了企业间人际关系和人际信任对企业间关系的影响。     

边界管理人员特征对企业间两层次信任的影响--来自中国家电分销渠道的实证分析

边界管理人员是企业间关系营销的界面,对企业间关系的发展具有重要影响。从施信方特征、受信方特征和双方的互动特征三个方面选取代表性变量,通过构建一个结构方程模型,以家电分销渠道中的分销商为样本,检验了边界管理人员特征对企业间人际信任和企业间信任的影响。     

How Institutions Influence SME Innovation and Networking Practices: The Case of Vietnamese Agribusiness

This paper addresses impacts of the institutional framework on small and medium‐sized enterprise (SME) innovation and networking practices. Through an explorative study of a domestic SME‐dominated sector in Vietnam, we find that the institutional framework limits incentives for long‐term investments, resulting in exploitative cost‐control strategies rather than product‐oriented innovation. Due to dominating social norms, SMEs form trust‐based friendship networks, potentially limiting knowledge acquisition and weakening business rationality. Institutional pressures reinforce negative influences on SMEs' incentives to develop innovation ambidexterity. The findings suggest that new institutional economic sociology provides a promising foundation for understanding how institutional frameworks influence SMEs' innovation practices in emerging economies.     

股权投资基金与企业实际投资的实证研究

股权投资基金与其他的融资方式相比有其独有的优势和特点,这种融资方式对于企业的投资决策和投资行为会产生其特有的影响。文章在综述国内外相关研究的基础上,以我国中小企业板上市公司为研究样本,构建实证模型,通过实证方法研究股权投资基金对企业实际投资的影响和作用。研究得出以下结论,中小企业板上市公司实际投资与股权投资基金的参与显著正相关,与公司成长性指标营业总收入增长率显著正相关,而实际投资与现金流指标和公司总资产负债率并不存在显著的相关性。     

企业间界面信任:从线索到购买

究竟哪些因素会驱使企业的客户产生信任,对于企业间关系管理具有重要的理论意义和现实意义.我们以传统研究为基础,从企业间信任和人际信任两级信任出发,重点剖析企业声誉、移情、友好和专业能力等四个企业间信任线索.研究结果表明移情和专业能力显著影响人际信任,企业声誉直接导致企业间信任;相对来说,人际信任对于提升购买意向更为重要,而企业间信任却更有效地提高客户的购买比例.     

论有限责任公司夫妻股权的法律结构：基于信托的视角

有限责任公司夫妻股权具有夫妻财产和公司股权的双重团体结构，二者的“嵌套”引起解释论矛盾，合理的解决路径是将股东身份和股权利益进行分离。信托结构是理解夫妻股权关系的一个可行的样本。夫妻股权结构基本符合财产独立性和信义义务等信托的形式要求，且二者均具有区隔财产管理与家庭生活、分离财产管理意志、提高财产利用效率、降低交易成本的功能。根据与信托的类比解释，登记于夫妻一方名下的股权，登记方的单方处分为有效处分，但处分结果受信义义务的制约。在离婚财产分割中，夫妻双方可就有限责任公司股权达成信托式协议，并通过无表决权股或设立股权信托的方式处理股权。在股权继承中，在世配偶成为有限责任公司股东需经其他股东过半数同意，若其他股东不同意，需在无表决股权、股权信托、股权收购中选择其一以保障在世配偶的权利。     

Antecedents of green behavioral intentions: a cross‐country study of Turkey,Finland and Pakistan

Quality of life of the future generations depends on the efforts of current generations to protect environment. The purchase decisions based on their green behavioral intentions not only helps the society, but also helps companies to gain a green competitive advantage. In this study, the relationships between green satisfaction, green trust, green equity and behavioral intentions are examined. Data were collected from Turkey, Finland and Pakistan with self‐administered questionnaires regarding with green white goods. The hypotheses were tested with structural equation modeling. Results of a structural model reveal positive relationships green satisfaction, green trust and green brand equity across three countries. In addition, green brand equity plays a remarkable role in behavioral intentions towards green white goods in general. Managers should consider green trust, green satisfaction, and green brand equity while implementing green marketing strategies in a global marketplace.     

中国MBO信托融资模式研究

在国企产权制度改革的诸多途径中,管理层收购因定价问题和融资问题而备受争议。目前国内MBO信托融资有四种模式,即单纯提供收购主体模式、单纯提供融资模式、股份收购模式、与战略投资者合作模式,剖析各自的优缺点,在创设双向资金信托、要求管理层自有资金投入以及信托公司负责筛选项目三个原则下,MBO是一种切实可行的信托融资模式。     

External Financing,Export Intensity and Inter‐Organizational Collaborations: Evidence from Canadian SMEs*

Drawing on institutional theory, resource‐based perspective and internationalization theory, we propose that the domestic collaborations of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) have a direct positive effect on their export intensity, as well as an indirect effect through enhancing these firms' access to external financing. We test our hypotheses on a sample of 151 Canadian manufacturing SMEs and find partial support for the indirect relationship. Overall, our results suggest that domestic collaborations positively affect SMEs' access to equity financing but not to bank financing. While both equity and bank financing are found to enhance these firms' export intensity, bank financing seems to have a greater impact. The implications of these results are discussed.     

Should all firms adapt websites to international audiences?

The authors investigate the moderating roles of brand equity and purchasing risk in the relationships between website cultural congruity (WCC) and two dependent variables: attitude toward the website (A_ST) and trust in the e-vendor. An exploratory study identifies typical French website design elements (graphic design and layout factors) to use in a subsequent experimental study to manipulate WCC. The results reveal that the effect of WCC on A_ST increases when brand equity is weak; for trust, both brand equity and purchasing risk act as moderators. The interaction between brand equity and purchasing risk reveals that WCC only influences trust when brand equity is weak. Overall, the results suggest that strong brand equity outweighs the effects of WCC in terms of improving site attitudes and reducing purchasing risk, with notable managerial and research implications.     

基于信托制度规范企业内部职工集资问题研究

企业内部集资是民营企业特别是中小民营企业重要的融资途径之一。如何通过适当的制度安排和创新性的金融产品设计，使企业内部集资摆脱非法的嫌疑，免受可能的法律制裁，从而成为一条合法的企业融资渠道，已成为一个亟需解决的现实课题。本文试图以信托制度为理论基础，分析了信托的法律机制和制度功能，进而提出了引入信托制度规范现行的企业内部集资活动的设想，并就企业内部集资加以信托化改造的运作模式进行了探索。     

The Mediating Role of Communication in Interorganizational Channels

Abstract

The overall objective of this article is to examine the impact of interorganizational channel bureaucratic structure on boundary interpersonal trust. The authors present a model where the bureaucratic structure (viz., formalization, participation and centralization) influences interpersonal communication, which functions as a mediator determining the level of interpersonal trust in the supply chain. The authors conceptualize communication as a multidimensional construct, reflective of both instrumental and social communications. The empirical study, conducted in a farm equipment supply chain, indicates that formalization and participation facilitate whereas centralization inhibits communication, which in turn enhances interpersonal trust. Theoretical and managerial implications as well as directions for further research are discussed at the end of the paper.     

Social commerce: Is interpersonal trust formation similar between U.S.A. and Spain?

In social commerce, interpersonal trust when individuals communicate is key among the parties. The main objective of this study is to investigate how the consequent variables, “interpersonal trust” and “users’ intention”, are impacted by the antecedents of trust-building and cultural dimensions when people are engaged in social commerce. The research model is substantiated using data collected in the U.S.A. and Spain. While all the trust-building antecedents have significant positive impact upon trust, there are cultural differences between the countries. The findings can be of interest to global marketing managers and information officers.     

中小企业贷款风险分类模式探讨

中小企业在国民经济中占有举足轻重的地位并发挥着极其重要的作用.然而,在获得金融支持方面,中小企业却仍处于"弱势群体"的地位.这种"强位弱势"的境况已经成为当前中小企业融资难的真实写照.以商业银行为主的金融机构在中小企业融资问题上要充分发挥作用,商业银行要完善组织架构、强化制度建设,建立起一套有中小企业特色的经营管理体系及运行机制.本文基于此,结合建行实际,以中小企业贷款风险管理为研究对象,针对相关问题展开了讨论,希望能够为相关领域的研究提供指导和帮助.     

中小企业集群与民间资本对接提升了融资效率吗?——基于长三角数据的检验

本文以长三角地区中小企业作为集群样本, 构建面板数据模型, 探讨中小企业集群与民间资本对接对企业融资效率的影响. 研究结果表明: 中小企业集群与民间资本对接提升了企业融资效率. 分样本的实证结果显示: 中小企业集群与民间资本对接能有效提升非国有企业的融资效率, 而对国有企业的融资效率的影响并不显著. 此外, 浙江省中小企业集群与民间资本对接对企业融资效率影响显著, 而江苏与上海地区的影响并不显著. 本文的研究结果为提高我国中小企业融资效率提供了理论依据和现实基础.