Public Policy Environment and Entrepreneurial Activities: Evidence from China

What determines the effectiveness of government entrepreneurship policies on the regional development of entrepreneurial activities in China? Using panel data analysis, this study develops a comprehensive framework that examines the effects of various factors, including government efficiency and government support for business, finance and technology, on facilitating the creation of new ventures. Based on provincial data collected between 2009 and 2014, we find that the level of infrastructure development, government incubators and venture capital‐guided funds have positive and significant effects on entrepreneurial activities. The findings of our study suggest that local government efficiency is a fundamental precondition for entrepreneurship policies to effectively boost the regional economy.     

广州留学回国人员创业面临的问题及其对策研究

本文分析了广州留学回国人员创业政策以及创业园区建设中存在的主要问题。提出了促进广州留学回国人员创业的对策,包括:加大政策支持力度;加强领导和协调;改进资助项目管理;实行创业园企业化改造;优化资源配置,做大做强园区;创建优良创业服务系统。     

中国农民创业的制约因素及支持政策研究——来自广东惠东县的调查

鼓励和推动农民创业,已成为解决"三农"问题的新途径。当前的农民创业工作无论是主观方面还是客观方面都面临很多问题,如农民心理素质较低、创业知识和技能缺乏、家庭因素的影响、身份限制、融资困难,以及农村基础设施不完善、政策支持力度不强、治安环境不佳,等等。当地政府要提供相应的创业政策,建立农民创业资本筹集体系,营造农民创业氛围,加强农民创业者创业技能培训,改善农民创业的环境。     

学历对劳动者创业决定的影响——基于中国微观数据的实证研究

文章基于中国综合社会调查数据库（China General Social Survey,CGSS）2010、2012和2015年的调查数据,采用Probit模型探讨了个体受教育年限对创业选择的影响,并引入性别、家庭背景两个调节变量分析其对二者关系的影响。由于模型存在内生性,选取个体英语水平作为工具变量。研究结果表明：个体的学历对创业倾向有抑制效果,即受教育年限越长,其创业倾向越低;男性个体的受教育年限对其创业行为的抑制效果相较于女性明显减弱;所处家庭背景较好的个体的受教育年限对其创业行为的抑制效果明显增强。文章的研究结论对于我国推动"大众创业,万众创新",制定相关创业鼓励政策具有参考作用。     

天使投资投后管理与新创企业产品创新绩效关系的研究——以创业者学习能力为调节变量的理论综述与模型构建

天使投资不但会为企业提供一定的资金支持,同时也会通过管理参与的方式为被投企业提供增值服务。在“大众创新、万众创业”的号召下,互联网新创企业层出不穷,基于精益创业的思想,在产品由创意产生到MVP（最小可视化原型）再到产品市场化的反复验证迭代中,产品的用户体验及产品的市场规模都与产品的创新性息息相关。通过对相关文献的梳理,构建出投后管理对新创企业产品创新绩效的理论模型,并从投后管理的监督和增值服务两个维度为天使投资和新创企业在双向选择的过程及投后互动行为上提供可供参考的建议,最后指出了研究的不足和未来的研究方向。     

Small industry in developing countries: A discussion of issues

This paper first examines the changing size distribution of industry in developing countries by region and over time, and, by reference to firm-level surveys, it discusses the underlying causes. The importance of markets generated by the growth of agriculture and rural incomes for the regional development of industry, both small- and large-scale, is noted. Second, it discusses the entrepreneurship issue, arguing that while small and largefirms alike are highly responsive to the growth of markets, the measured entrepreneurial response is neither as full nor as efficient as is desirable. The third and last part discusses small industry programmes and their relation to development policy. Financing and extension programmes are considered in detail, and there is a discussion of the risks involved. Some parallels with agricultural credit are discussed, in particular the default problem and the problems associated with concessionary finance. It is also argued that small industries - and, by implication, the programmes intended to support them - would stand to benefit from more efficient (and also more labour-demanding) policies towards agriculture and industry.     

Entrepreneurship capital and economic growth

This paper shows how and why the Solow growth accounting frameworkis useful for linking entrepreneurship capital to economic growth.The knowledge filter impedes the spillover of knowledge forcommercialization, thereby weakening the impact of knowledgeinvestments on economic growth. By serving as a conduit forknowledge spillovers, entrepreneurship is the missing link betwninvestments in new knowledge and economic growth. Entrepreneurshipis an important mechanism permeating the knowledge filter tofacilitate the spillover of knowledge and ultimately generateeconomic growth. The emergence of entrepreneurship policy topromote economic growth is interpreted as an attempt to promoteentrepreneurship capital, or the capacity of an economy to generatethe start-up and growth of new firms.     

Does winning a venture competition encourage entrepreneurial exploration? Evidence from China

This paper examines whether winning venture competition spurs entrepreneurs to carry out entrepreneurial exploration. We use data from new venture competitions organized by Shanghai municipal government that are open to innovative small ventures. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show that winning leads to a higher level of entrepreneurial explorations in the year following the competition. However, this effect is reduced for female entrepreneurs, and entrepreneurs whose affiliated ventures have a shorter time of operation. Our findings are consistent with existing theories about entrepreneurship and behavioral economics, including entrepreneurial experimentation and “house money” effect.     

Entrepreneurship,private economy and growth: Evidence from China

This paper examines the impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth by using a panel data set of 29 provinces in China over 20 years. Two indicators of entrepreneurship are defined and introduced into the traditional growth regression framework that is estimated using the system generalized method of moments. We also use the ratio of staff and workers of state-owned enterprises and per capita sown land area as the instrumental variables to identify the causal effect of entrepreneurship on economic growth. Our results suggest that entrepreneurship has a significant positive effect on economic growth and this finding is robust even after we control for other demographic and institutional variables. Our study provides some evidence that may be used as a basis for evaluating the effect of China's policy on private business which has been increasingly relaxed since the late 1970s.     

The role of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic entrepreneurship in South Africa

ABSTRACT

This study examines the effect of foreign direct investment on domestic entrepreneurship in South Africa. With the focus on inward capital flows, the study specifically employed stock data and the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor to measure the impact. The data set analysed is for the period 2000–18, and after testing a Threshold Vector Autoregressive model, it was established that there is a short-run and long-run nonlinear relationship between foreign direct investment and domestic entrepreneurship in South Africa. The key findings of the study were that foreign direct investment has a positive short-run and long-run influence on domestic entrepreneurship. The policy recommendations are for government to create an eco-system that supports entrepreneurship through the lowering of regulatory burden on new domestic firms and enact robust sector-specific localisation policies for big corporations.     

Business start-up regulations and the complementarity between foreign and domestic investment

This paper shows that the complementarity between foreign direct investment (FDI) and domestic investment significantly depends on regulations required to start a new domestically owned business in host economies. It finds evidence that FDI crowds out domestic investment in countries with entry regulation cost above a certain level, and many of these countries are in the bottom quartile of GDP per capita. Reforms in business start-up regulations can therefore play a critical role in enhancing the complementarity between foreign and domestic investment and thereby increase entrepreneurship and economic growth in low-income countries. The analysis takes into account other significant factors which affect domestic investment such as the cost of capital, government’s economic growth track record, institutional quality, and market size.     

社会支持视角下的返乡农民工创业

在国际金融风暴的影响下,农民工返乡创业成为一种新的趋势,农民工返乡创业在促进现代农业发展和新农村建设、推动城镇化进程等方面具有积极的现实意义,但同时也面临很多困难。通过分析返乡农民工创业的现状、经济政策以及自身等方面的社会支持情况,发现目前返乡农民工创业中这些方面的问题与不足,针对这些不足,从金融、税收优惠、培训,以及就业大环境等方面对建构返乡农民工创业的社会支持系统提出建议和对策,以更好地帮助返乡农民工创业,促进社会的和谐发展。     

关于安徽金融业发展的思考

金融服务业主要包括银行业、证券业和保险业，现代金融服务业发展的层次和水平直接影响着经济发展的速度和效率。近年来安徽金融业发展速度较快、质量较好，但也存在不足，如对发展金融业重要性认识不够，金融业规模不大、实力不强，金融结构不合理、比例明显失调，针对中小企业和“三农”的金融服务不足，风险投资业发展滞后。文章在此基础上提出了促进安徽金融服务业发展的建议。应树立金融强省的理念，建立多层次的现代金融体系，加强资本市场建设，加快保险业的发展，加大政策支持力度，加快金融开放和创新步伐。     

Timmons创业模式的分析与应用

创业已经成为世界经济发展中的一股潮流。然而，创业需要有一个好的模式去引导创业者，这样才能提高创业成功的概率。文章对著名的Timmons创业模式进行了再分析，探讨了机会、资源和团队三者的关系，最终建立了一个创业系统，为创业者提供了一个可以借鉴的创业体系。     

基于CiteSpace的中国大学生创业政策研究现状与热点分析

基于CiteSpace软件,对1999—2019年大学生创业政策相关研究进行文献计量和可视化分析.研究表明:以大学生创业政策为主题的研究始于2005年,发文量总体呈上升趋势;影响力较高的研究者和机构较少,较缺乏长期耕耘于该领域的研究者,且作者间、机构间的合作较少;创新创业、创新创业教育等是该领域中较受关注的领域.未来的研究应更多聚焦于加强理论基础的系统性与巩固,注重专门研究团队的建设,加强团队、机构间的合作,把握"双创"新特征,推进大学生创业政策研究领域深入发展.     

Effects of financial reform on business entry in sub‐Saharan African countries: Do resource dependence and institutional quality matter?

This paper examined the effects of the financial liberalization strategy adopted on the African continent over 25 years ago in promoting new business entry using data from 22 sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries in 2006–2017. Results from the dynamic generalized method of moments models show that: financial development via a policy of financial liberalization does not have a uniform effect on entrepreneurship; the interest rate gap significantly undermines the entrance of new firms; the ratio of broad money/gross domestic product (GDP) was positive and statistically significant while real interest rate had mixed findings; interactive effects of interest rate spread and real interest rate with regulatory quality was negative; the interaction of interest rate spread and real interest rate with natural resources confirms its destabilizing effect, although there was evidence suggesting that natural resources do not directly undermine entrepreneurship growth. Other results show real GDP and private credit have a significantly positive effect, and the cost of getting electricity significantly undermines entrepreneurship. The study calls for the need to deepen the financial sector though targeted reforms across SSA countries to reap its growth‐inducing effects on economic outcomes, while promoting institutional quality and efficient use of natural resources to achieve a non‐declining infusion of SMEs on the continent.     

大学技术创业过程融资行为分析

有效的融资机制是大学技术创业成败的关键,利用博弈模型分析了大学教师与投资者在大学技术创业过程中的行为选择。逆向选择模型发现,大学管理缺位下,信息不对称导致难以形成有效的大学技术创业融资机制;信号传递模型发现,大学技术转移中心在大学技术创业融资中具有重要的信号作用。发挥技术转移中心的信号作用,大学要强化其服务职能,改革其管理机制,并争取政府的政策扶持。     

Challenges facing international projects for entrepreneurial development in South Africa

International development projects that support entrepreneurship face a number of challenges, not least because they need to integrate different paradigms. Based on the case study of a Canadian non-governmental organisation in South Africa, this paper provides an exploratory assessment of these challenges and highlights four major factors that affect the success of such international projects: transposing a northern business model to the south; developing local roots and adapting to the local context; balancing the allocation of resources between managing the project and providing services to entrepreneurs; and aligning the cultures of the private sector and international development agencies. In practical terms, the findings provide benchmarks for the success of these projects and could help improve interventions that encourage entrepreneurship in developing countries.     

财政支持大学生创业的相关政策研究

在国家大众创业,万众创新的号召下,大学生创业有了长足的发展,占比越来越高.在对大学生创业进行研究的基础上,分析财政支持大学生创业政策中存在的问题.研究发现,国家对财政支持政策的宣传不足、对大学生的创业教育不足、财政支持资金有限以及缺乏完善的创业服务体系等.因此,为了更好地帮助大学生创业,需不断完善大学生创业的支持政策,提高创业教育水平、改善创业服务体系等.同时,大学生也要提高自身的综合素质,使得创业成功率稳步上升.     

高职院校创业教育生态系统研究

高职院校创业教育是一种社会责任,是经济发展的强力引擎,是内涵提升的新诠释,是个人成才的催化剂。高职院校创业教育生态系统的构建,需要政府提供制度导向和政策支持,需要行业引导和企业参与,需要高职院校向创业型大学转型,需要高职学生积极开展创业实践,需要不断整合各种环境资源,协调各方面关系。