问题、问题意识与问题导向

近年来,全国上下有关树立问题意识、强化问题导向的讨论广泛展开、方兴未艾.这是一个好现象.对于推动全面深化改革创新、促进企业经营管理、推进产业转型升级、持续深入反腐、实现“两个一百年”的中国梦等,有着重要的现实意义.正如马克思所说:“每个时代总有属于它自己的问题,准确地把握并解决这些问题,就会把理论、思想和人类社会大大地向前推进一步.”本文拟对有关问题、问题意识与问题导向的讨论作些初步梳理,明确其大致的内涵和外延,这对于我们正确地理解和把握问题意识与问题导向,做好企业经营管理和个人承担的各项工作,在认识与实践上都是必要的.     

水库生态环境问题探讨

我国现有水库约8.6万座。这些水库的修建给防洪、灌溉、供水、供电等方面带来了巨大的经济效益,为经济的可持续发展、社会的稳定做出了巨大贡献。与此同时,由于片面追求水资源利用效益最大化,水库的修建也给生态系统带来了巨大的影响。文章通过对水库建设给生态环境带来的影响进行分析,提出了相应该的解决策略。     

质量问题也是道德问题

一位经济学家说过:『质量问题也是道德问题』。寥寥数字,一针见血揭示了事物的本质。『质量是企业的生命』要保证产品质量除了有原材料、技术、设备、管理等诸多因素外,还有一个最重要的不可忽视的问题,就是职业道德。     

集合竞价问题研究

20世纪中期以来,随着纳什均衡理论的提出和发展,博弈论(game theory)逐渐成为一门新兴的科学,它涉及了经济学、管理学、计算机科学、社会学等各个领域,对社会的发展起了极大的推动作用。本文侧重在博弈论中一些具体问题的优化算法的实现与比较,以及其在高性能平台下的并行度和改进情况的分析和研究。     

电饭锅发热问题多

国家质检总局对电饭锅、溶剂型木器涂料进行了国家监督抽查。其中,抽查了广东、浙江、上海、江苏4个省、直辖市39家企业生产的40种电饭锅产品,产品实物质量合格率为90%。这次抽查,重点对触及带电部件的防护、非正常工作、发热等16个安全指标和2个电磁兼容指标进行了检验。抽查中发现的主要质量问题是非正常工作和发热不合格。     

浅析网络安全问题

网络的普用和发展从根本上改变了人类的生活方式与工作效率,网络的触角深入到政治、经济、文化、军事和社会生活等各个领域,并且渗透到社会生活的各个角落.在我们享受网络带来的无限快捷、便利服务的同时还存在着不可避免的信息安全隐患.因此,为了有效的保证网络的安全,必须认清网络的脆弱性和潜在的威胁以采取强有力的安全策略.如何更有效地保护网络信息,提高网络系统的安全性已成为迫在眉睫的问题.本文通过分析网络信息安全问题的基础,探讨了网络安全隐患,从而对网络安全的防护措施进行探讨.     

中小企业会计规范化问题

本文基于我国中小企业的特点和发展现状,对中小企业工作存在的突出问题进行了凝练,并对导致问题产生的原因进行了深入剖析,最后从提高中小企业人员整体素质、提高中小企业会计核算水平、加强中小企业内外监管、建立健全中小企业会计制度等四个方面提出了加强中小企业会计规范化的相应对策。     

人民币国际化问题

货币的国际化是一国非实体经济在开放经济下发展的必然产物,中国随着经济持续高速的发展和金融开放的进行,同样也将面临人民币走出国界,充当国际货币的问题,本文总结了国内学者关于人民币国际化的必要性、条件、可行性和路径的论述,归纳了国内关于人民币国际化的主要研究成果。     

小企业会计问题研究

本文从我国小企业会计信息使用者的需要入手,参考国际上其他国家的做法,对我国小企业会计目标、会计核算要求、会计确认、计量与报告等方面进行了探讨,并对现有小企业的会计核算与会计报表问题提出了具体改进建议。     

中小企业筹融资问题研究

改革开放以来,我国中小企业取得了突飞猛进的发展,在促进科技进步、增进就业、扩大出口等方面发挥了不可忽视且不可替代的作用。然而总体而言,我国中小企业仍然是一个特殊的弱势群体,在与大企业的竞争中处于劣势,特别集中地反映在融资困难这一突出问题上。本文针对中小企业融资难现状,系统地分析了其主要原因。指出了我国当前中小企业融资的主要障碍,并从政策性融资、直接融资、间接融资三个角度提出一些对策。     

Customer-centered problem solving

If there is no single best way to attract new customers and retain current customers, there is surely an easy way to lose them: fail to solve the problems that arise in nearly every buyer-supplier relationship, or solve them in an unsatisfactory manner. Yet, all too frequently, companies do just that. Either we deny that a problem exists, we exert all our efforts to pin the blame elsewhere, or we "Band-Aid" the problem instead of fixing it, almost guaranteeing that we will face it again and again.     

Parcel distribution timetabling problem

In this paper we propose a model to generate an effective timetable for time definite parcel distribution companies operating a hierarchical hub-and-spoke network. The model, referred to as parcel distribution timetabling problem, provides the departure times from each serviced city and each servicing facility in order to minimize the travel times of all shipments from their origin cities to their destination cities. Although the problem is faced by every parcel distribution company, it is rarely addressed in the literature. There is no evidence that parcel distribution companies, including the international ones, are developing operational research models in generating their timetables. The application of the model to a real-world case led to a decrease of more than 11% in the average travel time of the shipments. The company was even more delighted by the rapidity of the model in generating the timetable; this task that used to take weeks is decreased to just minutes.     

The Markov consumption problem

The paper provides a new model of consumption behavior under uncertainty as the solution to a continuous-time dynamic control problem in which an individual moves between employment and unemployment according to a Markov process. Behavior at low asset levels and at break-even points is analyzed. An iterative procedure is developed to derive numerical solutions. The solution takes the form of two curves relating consumption to assets, one for each state of employment.     

The Sumo coach problem

Review of Economic Design - We address the optimal allocation of stochastically dependent resource bundles to a set of simultaneous contests. For this purpose, we study a modification of the...     

A one-sided many-to-many matching problem

This study discusses a one-sided many-to-many matching model wherein agents may not be divided into two disjoint sets. Moreover, each agent is allowed to have multiple partnerships in our model. We restrict our attention to the case where the preference of each agent is single-peaked over: (i) the total number of partnerships with all other agents, and (ii) the number of partnerships that the agent has with each of the other agents. We represent a matching as a multigraph, and characterize a matching that is stable and constrained efficient. Finally, we show that any direct mechanism for selecting a stable and constrained efficient matching is not strategy-proof.     

Solving the generalized transportation problem

This paper advocates a mathematical programming approach for solving the classical transportation problem generalized to include non-linear demand and supply functions and non-linear transport costs. Such an approach is made possible by the recent public availability of a powerful optimizing system called MINOS, assembled for the solution of large programming problems for which the constraint set is linear and spatial. Primal and dual program formulations for this generalized transportation problem are set out in the paper, and brief computational experience with the software system in solving several illustrative problems is recorded.     

On the land assembly problem

We consider a segment of the land market where the entire available land stock is needed for the realization of some indivisible development project. The stock is shared by several landholders who either collude or negotiate independently with the developer over the prices of their lots. Investigating the price setting behavior of the landowners and the optimal strategy of the developer, we show that landowners set more moderate prices under collusion than when acting independently; in the latter case, the individual asking price falls with the size of the land share, and the total price increases with the number of landowners. As regards the optimal strategy, we find that the developer will in general not offer the lowest price he expects to be accepted by the landowners.     

A continuous-time sequential testing problem

A Bayesian testing problem for a simple hypothesis against a simple alternative is considered. However the observations on which the test is based are not immediately available, but occur atn i.i.d. random times. Assuming linear cost of time until a decision the task is to construct and to characterize an optimal stopping strategy for a time-sequential testing problem and to compute the Bayes risk. The paper provides a solution to this problem.     

The homogeneity problem in statistics

The theory of probability is the most abstract mathematical science with unlimited scope of application. However, the essential question of the theory of probability has not been solved: how can we use probabilities in the epistemology of empirical data sets? The answer to this question can be given on the basis of the concept of homogeneous random processes.