“深耕”汇改 助力人民币国际化

货币国际化进程中汇率制度安排的国际经验 一国货币国际化进程与该同的汇率制度安排有着密切的关系。历史表明,在不同的汇率制度安排下,本币国际化进程往往展现截然不同的结果。     

货币国际化影响因素研究——基于多国面板数据计量分析

本文根据货币国际化的职能将货币国际化依次划分为三个阶段,并分析了货币国际化的每一个阶段的影响因素。在此基础上,利用主要国际货币的面板数据对货币国际化的影响因素进行了实证分析。静态回归模型表明:货币国际化程度受到国家经济规模、进口市场规模、出口产品的技术水平以及货币升值幅度、该货币的汇率稳定程度的影响较为显著,受到金融成熟度的影响较其他因素弱。动态回归模型表明:货币国际化具有惯性效应。上述研究结论为推进人民币国际化提供了若干启示。     

经济增长过程中的汇率升值问题--德国、日本与中国的比较研究

从国际经验来看,经济大国在经济崛起时期往往会遇到汇率升值的内部与外部压力,并伴随货币走强的过程。本文以日元和马克升值进程中的经验和教训为参照系,探讨我国如何在保持国内物价和产出稳定的前提下实现汇率制度的平稳转型。本文认为,人民币汇率升值的路径安排应集中体现主动性和渐进性,尤其是要通过保持汇率的小幅逐步升值趋势,为经济结构转型和货币政策操作提供时间和空间,最终实现汇率升值进程的可控性。     

人民币汇率制度改革对中美贸易条件的影响

根据传统的贸易条件理论,本币升值会导致本国贸易条件①的改善,有利于增加本国居民的福利。2005年7月21日人民币汇率制度改革以来,人民币汇率不断升值。本文采用汇率制度改革以来的数据进行了VAR建模,计量结果发现人民币的升值没有显著改善中国居民的福利。主要原因是中国出口厂商出口定价方式的选择(当地货币定价),应对措施是中国需要改革国际货币体系或实现人民币国际化。     

日元国际化:历史、教训与启示

上个世纪六、七十年代,连续多年的贸易顺差和相对封闭的金融市场使日本面临日元汇率升值和开放金融市场的巨大外部压力,日元就是在这一背景下开始了国际化进程。日元国际化是一个从被动走向主动,从功能性战略被区域性战略所取代的过程。当前,中国已经成为全球第四大经济体和第三大贸易国,也面临着汇率升值和货币国际化的问题,回顾日元国际化的历程,我们可以发现很多有益的启示,这对于人民币的国际化有重要的借鉴意义。     

人民币国际化起步阶段的汇率制度选择北大核心SSCI

随着人民币国际化上升为国家战略,汇率制度如何与人民币国际化战略相协调,成为货币当局和学术界必须面对的问题。本文通过对国内外相关文献和主要国家货币国际化历史进行梳理,得出结论:货币国际化的早期阶段应该保持汇率的稳定。目前,人民币国际化尚处于起步阶段,为了使人民币能够走出去,人民币汇率应该保持稳定,落实到汇率制度,保持稳定、适度升值的管理浮动制较为适宜。     

人民币国际影响力增强 国际化进程加速

近年来,随着人民币国际化程度显著提高,国际影响力不断提升。中国应利用人民币国际影响力增强机遇,推进人民币国际化进程。利用国际上逐步把人民币作为"锚货币"的机遇,加快人民币汇率制度改革,稳步推动人民币成为国际货币;推动建立全球汇率协调和监管机制,形成对全球资本有序流动、合理流动的市场预期;同时要处理好"市场化"与"汇率稳定"的关系,保持汇率基本稳定。     

国际储备货币跨境流动与风险管理的经验

从美元、欧元（德国马克）、日元三种主要国际储备货币跨境流动的进程以及对流动风险的管理经验来看,人民币在国际化进程中必须要控制货币跨境流动的节奏,保持人民币跨境流动、汇率制度转换和资本账户开放之间的合理顺序,保持较大的进出口贸易规模和合理的国际收支结构,建设有深度、有广度的国内金融市场,同时还要统一协调、加强宏观经济管理。     

货币国际化降低了出口汇率风险吗?——以金融危机中的日本为例

本文通过实证分析发现,金融危机爆发后,日元对出口中标价货币的汇率升值是日元标价出口价格和收入大幅下降的关键原因,然后我们证明了日本的出口标价结构和日元对主要标价货币的名义汇率变动直接决定了日元对标价货币的汇率变动,说明出口中的本币国际化程度对企业的出口价格和收入产生直接的影响,货币国际化能有效降低出口的汇率风险。结合中国的出口竞争力和出口标价结构,本文认为推进人民币国际化是降低出口企业汇率风险的重要途径,而在未来的汇率制度改革过程中需要考虑出口标价结构和本币国际化程度的影响。     

人民币国际化背景下汇率波动对货币政策影响的实证分析——基于2005-2013年月度数据

汇率形成机制改革、资本账户开放和人民币国际化是当前我国金融改革开放的核心内容。"三元悖论"揭示人民币国际化背景下,中国独立的货币政策面临严重的冲突。本文以利率平价、货币替代为理论基础,采用2005—2013年月度数据建立模型,对人民币汇率波动与货币政策相关性进行实证分析。结果表明2005-2013年间,预期人民币汇率对货币政策有一定的影响,而当期人民币汇率影响不显著。因此,随着人民币国际化与资本项目开放,预期人民币会升值,从而货币供给量会增加。对此,应该谨慎进行人民币汇率改革与资本账户开放,协调国内货币市场与外汇市场两者良性互动发展。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.     

Multiple Dimensions of Accounting in the Development of GAAP

The phrase 'accepted accounting principles' underlying financial statements is a forerunner of today's accounting standards. Here, it is argued that history shows that the term 'principles' is often most vague in debates on the development of those standards. The reasons for and consequences of that vague use are varied and complex. This article provides insights not highlighted in earlier analyses of the periods reviewed. While debates like the rule- versus principle-based standards are set up as two-dimensional, the many dimensions of accounting often allow argument to be easily diverted. The debate/argument thus remains unresolved. For progress to be achieved in the establishment of accounting standards the many dimensions of accounting must be acknowledged and attempts to divert debate minimized. Those with a stake in the development of accounting standards need to consider the total scene of the related accounting. In a particular debate, dimensions under scrutiny must be stated, with any others in that total scene being acknowledged even if kept constant.     

Life Insurance Policies with Statistical Heterogeneous Population

In the paper we consider an endowment insurance contract with a twelve months maturation time. Using the majorization order and Schur-convex functions we derive upper and lower bounds of the premium, the death and survival benefits for a hetrogeneous population of insureds. The bounds are obtained for the exponential, Balducci, and linear approximations.     

＂Differences＂are the Biggest Obstacle

China has the greatest numbers of both teachers and students worldwide ,who teach and learn English. Therefore ,to analyze the obstacles of learning English for Chinese is necessary. This article gives the idea of differences between Chinese and English mainly in languages and cultures fields. Through these we can see clearly that ＂differences＂ are the biggest obstacle in language learning.     

Aims and Scope

正The focus of the China Journal of Accounting Research is to publish theoretical and empirical research papers that use contemporary research methodologies to investigate issues about accounting,finance,auditing and corporate governance in China.the Greater China region and other emerging markets.The Journal also publishes insightful commentaries about     

英美“新批评”文论的重新审视

新批评是一个在二十世纪影响重大的文学批评流派,它与形式主义、结构主义文论,一起支撑起文本批评的理论与实践基石。但历来人们对其评价都多少有些偏颇,本文力图更客观地审视其理论。本文也初步得出新批评与形式主义在理论根基上的相异之点。