一种基于众数的收入分配差距测度方法

为研究最低工资是否可以降低收入不平等程度,提出基于中位数与众数比值计算基尼系数的新算法。借助最低工资的截断效应和溢出效应理论,构建最低工资对工资收入分布的冲击作用模型,利用数值模拟方法分析最低工资对于混合基尼系数的微观影响机制。结果表明,最低工资可以通过减小单个分布基尼系数和众数差距降低混合基尼系数。代表最低工资执行力度的冲击系数越大,最低工资降低收入不平等程度的效率越高。     

收入流动性对收入不平等的影响

虽然收入流动性在收入分配研究领域正在逐渐升温,但收入流动性对收入不平等的影响这一关键问题的研究不足。文章推导了Gini系数在绝对收入流动性矩阵中对应的表达式,分析了收入流动性矩阵对不平等程度的作用途径。并利用1998年-2002年的收入面板数据验证了该理论分析。实证分析表明,由于向收入高低两端流动的力量增长较快并在势头上超过了同样增长的向中等收入水平流动的力量,整体的收入不平等程度恶化了。     

Understanding Income Inequality in China: A Multi-Angle Perspective

Economic reforms have brought about spectacular growth and vast improvements of people’s living standards in China since 1978. In the meantime, unbalanced regional growth and income inequality have become two important concerns of future development. Most available studies on income distribution have either focused on the rural population or on the urban citizens. This paper stresses the importance of adopting a multi-angle approach to fully understand income inequality in China. We first use some top-down information to form a general picture of inequality for the whole country, and then use some bottom-up household survey data to explain in detail the development of inequality over time regarding rural/urban inequality, rural inequality, urban inequality and inter-regional inequality, the relative importance of different income sources to overall inequality. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中国税制结构变迁有利于降低收入不平等吗？

伴随中国经济的持续较快发展与人均收入水平的不断提高,收入不平等问题近年来备受社会各界的关切。鉴于税制结构变迁与收入不平等之间的关系在理论界仍未形成共识,本文首先从理论层面剖析了商品税和所得税对收入不平等的作用机理,然后在对中国1998—2013年城乡居民收入基尼系数进行测度的基础上,通过建立静态与动态面板数据模型实证考察中国税制结构变迁对收入不平等的影响。研究发现：一是虽然所得税能显著降低城乡居民收入不平等,但企业所得税却相比个人所得税更为有效;二是商品税在一定程度上助推了城乡居民收入不平等,具有较为明显的累退性;三是经济发展水平、对外开放程度、人口结构以及人力资本对收入不平等的影响不尽相同;四是收入不平等在中国具有显著的递延惯性。本文的研究结论为中国新一轮税制改革以及税制结构优化具有重要的指导意义。     

Measuring regional inequality: to weight or not to weight?

Measuring regional inequality: to weight or not to weight? Spatial Economic Analysis. When estimating regional inequality, many economists use inequality indices weighted by regions’ proportion of the national population. Although this approach is widespread, its adequacy has not received attention in the regional science literature. This paper proves that such an approach is conceptually inconsistent, yielding an estimate of interpersonal inequality among the whole population of the country rather than an estimate of regional inequality. Nevertheless, as a measure of interpersonal inequality, such an estimate is very rough (even misleading) and does not always have an intuitive interpretation. Moreover, population-weighted inequality indices do not meet the requirements for an adequate measure of inequality.     

居民收入省际差距合理性的多维实证分析

从形式合理性与实质合理性、经济合理性与社会合理性多维度综合考察地区之间居民收入差距,以基尼系数和高低收入指数为基础,引入二元离散系数比值和收入效率错配度两项指标,构建了衡量和判别地区之间居民收入差距合理性的综合计量模型,并利用中国31个省份2005~2013年的统计数据进行了实证分析。结果表明,二元离散系数比值逐年扩大,收入效率错配度历年都在80%以上,省际居民收入差距质态基本不合理,收入效率错配较之于收入差距过大问题的性质要严重得多;省际分配管控制度缺位,均衡调节失当,是导致省际居民收入差距与经济差距常现背道而驰的根本原因。优化省域间居民收入差距的着重点并非进一步缩小基尼系数,而是解决收入效率严重错配和高低收入差距过大问题。     

Firm entry and exit in Italian provinces and the relationship with unemployment

This study investigates the influence of the unemployment rate on firm entry, exit and net entry in Italian provinces. We attempt to explain these market dynamics in six different sectors, including manufacturing, construction, commerce, hotels and restaurants, transport and financial services. We control for other regional factors, such as patenting activity, economic growth, economic welfare, tourism, industrial districts and whether being a major city. Findings indicate that the effects of unemployment on entry and exit are dependent upon the sector under study, but are mainly negative. This suggests a lack of dynamics in the Italian regional labor markets.

都市圈空间结构组织与范围划分研究——以兰州都市圈为例

以兰州都市圈为例,对都市圈范围划分和空间组织问题进行了较深入的分析.首先,分析了日常都市圈范围划分的依据与兰州都市圈规划范围的确定;接着,对兰州都市圈的结构特点与兰州都市圈的基本范围划分进行了分析,同时讨论了标准都市圈范围划分的重要性与原则方法,探索了都市圈规划与管理统计中关于范围问题的解决途径.     

煤矿物流信息系统评价中定性指标量化方法研究

煤矿物流信息系统综合评价是考核和提升物流信息系统运行效果的重要方法，综合评价中至为关键的因素之一是准确可靠地确定定性指标的评价值。为进一步提高定性指标的评估值的准确性，本文建立了加权集值统计数学模型，并经实测运用证明加权集值统计所得评估值比传统的集值统计法更加准确，从而证明了加权集值统计的有效性。同时也为定性指标的量化提供了新的方法。     

Challenging The Spirit Level: Is There Really a Relationship between Inequality and Obesity?

This paper examines the proposition, set out in The Spirit Level, that inequality is associated with high levels of obesity. It reviews existing literature and uses British Household Panel Survey data to study how district‐level and regional‐level income inequality is related to obesity in the UK. This is likely to be the first study of its type that uses individual‐level data that is representative of the UK population. We find little evidence to support policies that reduce income inequality with the aim of reducing obesity levels in the UK.     

我国学校体育运动会发展思考

文章通过对我国中学生运动会的发展历史、全国中学生运动会的特点、我国中学体育运动会面临的问题等情况的分析与研究,为中运会提出一定的改革措施。     

Youth labour market performances in the Russian and Italian regions

The focus of this paper is on youth unemployment in Italy and Russia: in both countries, youth unemployment rates (YURs) are higher than adult (or total) ones. Despite these general trends, there are significant regional differences in YURs and above-average YUR regions tend to cluster close to each other. Moreover, a distinction between “North” and “South” regions seems appropriate for both countries. The purpose of this study is to identify key determinants of YURs in the Russian and Italian regions, for the period 2000–2009. We also search for the existence of distance spatial effects. In particular, we estimate a modified Arellano–Bond model for the regional YUR, including some explanatory and control variables (e.g. regional GDP in PPP, regional population density, regional total unemployment rate), together with year dummies and North/South dummies. The use of distance matrixes enables important analysis to be conducted on the role played by spatial effects, which turn out to be significant. Also the negative impact of the 2008–2009 crisis is statistically confirmed (at least in the case of Italy). The relevant policy implications are highlighted in the conclusions.     

对我国学校体育建设发展问题的思考

对我国学校体育建设发展的基本现状及其存在的问题进行了分析和建议,旨在为我国学校体育的发展提供依据和启示。     

我国的收入分配发展趋势是否为倒U形

阐述了国内外学者对库兹涅茨"倒U假说"所持的观点和认识。用我国的实际数据对库兹涅茨"倒U假说"进行了检验,认为我国的收入分配基本上不符合倒U形状,不能靠经济增长来解决收入差距的拉大问题;收入现状的改善需要政府政策的支持。     

基于决策树算法SLIQ的应用实例

SLIQ算法是一种高速可调节的数据挖掘分类算法。着重解决当训练集数据量巨大,无法全部放入内存时,如何高速准确地生成判定树。文中把该算法用到邮政速递的客户关系管理系统中,对速递大客户进行分类分析,识别优质客户和潜在客户,获取的知识对邮政速递的决策有重要现实意义。