绿色GDP测算与可持续发展

当今社会经济迅速发展,我国的GDP呈逐年增长趋势,但我国的GDP增长,在一定的程度上是以牺牲自然资源和破坏环境带来的。这并不符合现在国际上提出的“绿色GDP”增长的概念。并且我国的风沙化、沙漠化、水土流失、空气和水资源的污染等,环境问题也日益严重。要实现我国经济的可持续发展,就要实行绿色GDP的测算。本文将通过一系列观点和事例,来论述绿色GDP测算和可持续发展战略之间的关系。     

再论环境与经济综合核算体系(SEEA)框架下的绿色GDP核算

根据联合国1993环境经济综合核算体系(SEEA)框架,首先,讨论了建立环境经济综合核算体系的必要性及核算方法;然后,对绿色GDP核算中环境投入成本的估价问题进行了理论探讨;最后,对我国绿色GDP核算工作的开展提出自己的看法。     

经济学人对改革开放40年成就与问题的判断——基于《中国经济学人》调查问卷的分析

经过40年的改革开放,中国取得显著成就,已成为世界第二大经济体和世界第一制造业大国,贸易总量稳居世界前列,人民生活水平显著提升。然而,社会发展的不充分与不平衡也在逐步显现。中国社会科学院工业经济研究所与《中国经济学人》（《China Economist》）杂志在2017年12月从“幼有所育、学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居、弱有所扶”等维度考察中国在教育、医疗、社保、住房、就业、消费、收入分配、环境等方面取得的成绩与存在的不足。调查发现,中国已基本满足人民物质文化需求,进入全面实现小康社会攻坚阶段,但距离实现人民“美好生活”还存在不小差距。经过40年的努力,中国在教育、健康、收入、就业、生活环境、人口流动性等方面均有显著提升,但高房价、教育及收入分配的公平问题成为现阶段制约中国充分而平衡发展的主要问题。     

可持续发展与绿色GDP

在衡量经济增长的各项指标中,人们普遍首选GDP,而现行的GDP体现不了当今社会倡导的可持续发展的思想。针对这一问题,本文在论述了可持续发展思想及现行GDP及其缺陷的情况下,简要阐述了绿色GDP的概念及其核算的内容及方法。     

Pace,Pattern and Phase: A Morphology of Cycles

A closed dynamic Leontief model is implemented for the Business, Government and Household sectors of the Hungarian and the US economies at the end of the past century. It is built on rough estimates of its flow and stock coefficients. The growth rate and the length and pattern of the four most familiar cycles are reasonably well approximated by the model and are similar for the two countries in spite of the large discrepancy in the proportions of the equilibrium quantity vectors. The mathematics of cycles (for discrete or continuous time) is also discussed. Fluctuations are shown to be the elementary, basic and unavoidable consequence of all productive activities. They will emerge even in the absence of any price mechanism.     

探究农村经济合作组织与农业可持续发展

农村经济的持续发展,离不开农村经济合作组织的推动。农村经济合作组织,是广大农民为实现自身的长远发展,从而在分散经营的基础之上将各自连接起来、统筹运作的一个大型组织。论文从实际经验出发,首先对农村经济合作组织的相关要求进行论述,随后详细分析了其在发展过程中的现状和问题,最后为实现其进一步发展提出针对性建议。     

浅议云南民族文化旅游资源的保护性开发

云南少数民族众多,民族文化旅游资源丰富,民族文化旅游资源开发已成为云南旅游业的重要支柱和独具特色的品牌。云南民族文化旅游资源的开发是云南旅游发展战略的关键,文中就其保护性开发进行论述。     

我国对国民经济核算的贡献

国民经济核算是国民经济分析和政策的重要工具。改革开放以来,我国统计理论界的专家学者和实际工作部门的工作者从实际出发,理论联系实际,不断开拓创新,不仅推动了我国统计事业的不断发展,而且对国民经济核算理论与方法的发展做出了较大的贡献,主要包括四个方面:提出国民经济核算的平衡原则,消除了理论与方法上的误解;创立社会劳动价值论,奠定了我国国民经济核算体系的理论基础;提出国民大核算理论,明确了国民经济核算理论与方法的发展方向;整合MPS与SNA,丰富了国民经济核算的理论与方法     

The development of the Dutch national accounts as a tool for analysis and policy

Since the start of modern national accounting in the 1930s, the Netherlands has played a dominant role in the development of the national accounts. This paper discusses the origins and development of the Dutch national accounts. This includes the surprisingly slow start of political arithmetic in the Netherlands, the views of van Cleeff and Tinbergen on planning and national accounting, the role of Derksen and Oomens as fathers of the Dutch national accounts, the Dutch School of National Accounting, the interaction with national statistics and the role of the international guidelines and the European Union. The paper also takes a look into the future. The major challenges are to bridge the gap with data users and to increase relevance by, e.g. extended accounts, long-term time series on government finance and modules on education, health care and social security.     

基本养老保险基金：做实账户制还是名义账户制？

我国城镇企业职工基本养老保险个人账户在本质上体现的是养老权而不是财产权,基本养老保险个人财户权益的根本意义在于保障企业职工的社会养老权。我国从2001年开始实行做实企业职工基本养老保险个人账户试点,这不仅未能化解养老金支付风险,而且加大了养老保险基金保值增值难度,基金贬值程度也随着做实比例的提高而增大。另外,做实个人账户抬高了储蓄率并抑制了投资和消费需求,对经济发展产生了挤出效应。为解决上述问题,应建立更加公平可持续的养老金制度,通过名义账户制从根本上体现企业职工的财产权和社会养老权,解决做实账户制所出现     

试述信息化在企业的实践

本文从企业的实际情况出发,在用户需求分析的基础上,提出企业办公信息化系统的基本目标,并阐述系统的结构设计和功能设计,给出了一个基于B/S和Web技术的企业级办公信息化系统实例,对企业信息化管理的发展、应用具有实践意义。     

A SYMMETRIC INPUT–OUTPUT TABLE FOR EU27: LATEST PROGRESS

The European Commission is currently establishing an Environmentally Extended Input–Output (EE-IO) Database for the EU27 developed by the Joint Research Centre at the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS). This project attempts to generate an analytical dataset comprising all EU countries and yearly time series for the period 1995–2005. Since, for the time being, IO and environmental accounts data are only available with significant gaps part of the dataset will require estimates based on best available proxy data and reasonable assumptions. This paper is focused on the IO database shaped around Eurostat supply and use tables and symmetric IO tables consistent with the NACE classification. The paper describes the procedure by which the latest preliminary results have been obtained for an aggregate EU27 symmetric input–output table for the year 2000.     

国债发行规模与GDP和财政支出的关系

国债作为政府筹集资金、缓解财政压力和实施宏观经济调控与现代金融管理的重要工具,适当的国债政策是实现财政政策和货币政策调控目标、促进经济增长的重要手段与保证。我国国债的发行对支持经济的发展起到了重要的促进作用。要优化国债结构,实现国债结构进一步的合理化,就需逐步扩大地方政府债券发行规模,规范国债市场运行,调整国债投资规模与方向,促进我国经济长期稳定发展。     

中国工业技术进步的百年探索：历程、经验与展望——透视中国共产党百年奋斗历程

一百年来中国工业技术进步经历了从落后到追赶再到部分领先的过程。新中国成立后,中国工业生产力迅速提升,技术进步显著,高新技术及有关产业快速发展。其最重要的经验在于：第一,从人的角度出发,通过科教兴国战略积累了大量人力资本基础,通过优化生产关系充分调动了劳动者推动技术进步的积极性。第二,有效发挥了中国共产党领导下中国特色社会主义制度的优越性,通过顶层设计和五年规划引导推动技术进步的阶段目标和路线,利用举国体制集中攻关关键核心技术。第三,充分学习和借鉴其他国家的先进技术。当前,中国工业技术还面临着关键领域创新能力不强、工业企业的创新动力仍待激发、部分发达国家对中国进行技术封锁的威胁加大等问题。需要继续发挥举国体制优势,加快推进关键核心技术的攻关,进一步扩大高质量对外开放以提升工业技术进步的质量,多管齐下进一步激发企业的创新活力。     

Africa’s contribution to Qatar’s diversification priorities in the immediate to long term

Diversification experiences started across the African continent in the immediate post-independence period, in an attempt to break with traditional colonial models of development. Most African countries embarked upon industrial development during the 1960s and the 1970s, in order to diversify their economies and reduce their risk dependency on primary commodities due to the fluctuation in prices. After a change of priorities in the 1980s and 1990s, there has recently been a renewed attention and debate on economic diversification in Africa. Insight gained from African experiences demonstrates that new activities and capacities can be set in place via linkages with natural resource exploitation. Investment opportunities in non-energy sectors in Africa are nevertheless also critical and need to be examined. In fact, the success of diversification strategies depends on a sound development strategy, inspiring comprehensive public policy frameworks, strong political leadership, and a sound natural resource governance framework including diversification. Presenting examples and insights from various African countries, the article highlights misperceptions and improvements of socio-economic conditions in Africa useful to properly assess risks and opportunities in various contexts. Analyzing the role of the private sector and of African state-owned institutions related to foreign direct investments in non-energy sectors, the article focuses on strategies, lessons learned, and challenges of economic diversification.     

现代林业可持续发展探讨

持续林业是现代林业发展的战略目标,是现代林业发展的必由之路。文章阐述了持续林业的概念和原理,分析了林业持续发展的原则’探讨了现代林业可持续发展的对策。     

城市交通可持续发展问题的思考

城市交通发展战略要解决的核心问题．是从总体上有效地处理好城市持续增长的变通需求与有限的交通设施供给能力之间的关系．以保持城市的可持续发展。本文从城市变通存在的问题的现状出发．提出解决问题的关键是在交通中贯彻可持续发展的观念．以实现城市交通系统自身及其与自然环境之间的持续、协调、健康发展。