负债代理成本影响因素实证分析——来自我国上市公司的证据

本文以我国上市公司面板数据及横截面数据为基础,运用线性回归分析对影响公司负债代理成本的因素进行了实证检验。结果发现,负债代理成本与债务期限结构、公司规模、财务灵活性及盈利能力的变化显著负相关;与公司未来成长性、资产期限、负债规模的变化显著正相关。     

债务来源、产权性质与房地产企业过度投资

本文选取2003—2014年中国房地产业上市公司为研究样本,在检验企业负债融资与过度投资之间关系的基础上,重点考察债务来源与产权性质对这一关系的影响机制和作用效果。研究发现：债务融资不仅不能有效抑制房地产企业的过度投资行为,反而加剧了其过度投资的程度;债务来源对负债融资与过度投资之间的关系具有显著异质性影响,相较于商业信用,银行贷款与过度投资之间的正相关关系更加显著;产权性质对负债与过度投资之间的关系具有调节作用,在国有房企样本中,负债融资对过度投资有促进作用;负债对过度投资的助推效应主要来自于银行贷款对国有房企过度投资的治理失效,即银行借款对国有企业过度投资的促进作用最显著,而商业信用对国有和非国有房地产企业的治理效果均不明显。     

负债对企业非效率投资行为影响的实证研究——来自中国制造业上市公司的面板数据

投资行为是否具有效率直接关系到企业价值是否最大化,西方主流财务理论认为负债尤其是短期负债能抑制企业的非效率投资行为.本文以2000～2006年的面板数据为基础,对333家中国制造业上市公司的负债融资影响企业非效率投资行为进行了实证检验.结果表明,中国制造业上市公司的负债融资及负债期限结构并不能抑制企业的非效率投资行为,其原因在于债务的"硬约束"功能没有发挥,同时还存在着严重的资产期限结构与负债期限结构错搭的风险.     

乡镇企业税收负担、利润水平与农民非农就业——基于协整分析方法

利用1978年至2009年的乡镇企业有关数据,采用协整检验方法、误差修正模型和Granger因果关系检验方法,对乡镇企业税收负担、利润水平与农民非农就业三者之间的相互关系进行实证研究,结果表明:三者之间存在显著的长期均衡关系;安置就业和税收负担在短期内影响企业盈利情况;安置就业与企业盈利在长期内互为Granger因果关系.因此,国家应综合采取税收优惠、金融支持与政府培训等政策,以提高乡镇企业盈利水平和扩大农民非农就业.     

金融环境、审计意见与民营上市公司债务融资成本

影响公司债务融资成本的因素除了公司规模、负债水平、盈利能力等公司特征之外，外部因素金融环境、审计意见也会对其产生影响。本文选择2008年至2011年583个A股民营上市公司作为初始研究样本，实证检验了金融环境、审计意见对债务融资成本的影响。研究发现：良好的金融环境有助于公司获得较低成本的债务融资，非标准审计意见表明公司与市场之间对会计信息质量存在较高的信息不对称，被出具非标准审计意见的公司相比获得标准审计意见的公司具有显著更高的债务融资成本，良好的金融环境有利于增强审计意见的债务融资定价作用．提高信贷资源的配置效率。     

市场供给、下游拉动与盈利能力关系研究 ——以建材工业2008—2018年数据为例

近十多年来,国家限制建材工业产能严重过剩的水泥、平板玻璃的生产,给建材企业盈利能力带来影响.文章收集2008—2018年建材工业产品市场供给情况数据、下游房地产施工企业拉动建材工业产品发展数据、建材工业创造盈利能力数据,采用数据统计分析法、功效权数法、回归分析法研究市场供给、下游拉动与盈利能力的关系.研究表明:国家去产能调节了供求关系,提高了建材产品市场供给质量;下游房地产建筑业拉动了建材企业盈利能力的提升;建材企业流动资产周转速度尤其是应收账款周转速度及用于偿债的获息倍数与盈利能力显著正相关;合理负债、即期支付能力是促进建材企业盈利能力提升的重要因素.建材企业面对市场压力应强化资产营运管理,积极防范债务风险,提升现金流支付能力,朝着可持续、高质量的方向不断发展.     

市场供给、下游拉动与盈利能力关系研究 ——以建材工业2008—2018年数据为例

近十多年来,国家限制建材工业产能严重过剩的水泥、平板玻璃的生产,给建材企业盈利能力带来影响.文章收集2008—2018年建材工业产品市场供给情况数据、下游房地产施工企业拉动建材工业产品发展数据、建材工业创造盈利能力数据,采用数据统计分析法、功效权数法、回归分析法研究市场供给、下游拉动与盈利能力的关系.研究表明:国家去产能调节了供求关系,提高了建材产品市场供给质量;下游房地产建筑业拉动了建材企业盈利能力的提升;建材企业流动资产周转速度尤其是应收账款周转速度及用于偿债的获息倍数与盈利能力显著正相关;合理负债、即期支付能力是促进建材企业盈利能力提升的重要因素.建材企业面对市场压力应强化资产营运管理,积极防范债务风险,提升现金流支付能力,朝着可持续、高质量的方向不断发展.     

上市物流企业资本结构微观影响因素对企业绩效的作用

通过面板模型建立了上市物流企业资本结构和绩效之间的关系,并通过最小二乘法和随机效应模型公式对其进行了检验。结果显示,上市物流企业的规模、可抵押资产比例与资产负债率之间呈现明显正比例关系;非负债税盾、实际所得税率、盈利能力、股权集中程度与资产负债率之间呈现明显反比例关系;其成长能力与资产负债率之间没有明显的比例关系。     

家电行业上市公司盈利能力与债务来源结构关系研究

本文以家电行业上市公司为具体研究对象,采用相关财务指标,利用回归分析方法对这些公司的盈利能力和债务来源结构进行检验。结果表明,家电行业上市公司的总资产收益率、净资产收益率、销售净利率等盈利能力指标均与经营负债成正相关关系,与金融负债成负相关关系。基于此,本文认为家电行业上市公司应该结合自身业务特点和资产结构特点,尽量使用经营负债来融资,提高商业信用利用效率;同时,减少金融负债的数量,减少非主营业务对资金的占用,避免金融负债比率上升。只有这样,才能提高家电行业上市公司的盈利能力。     

上市公司债务融资综合效应分析——来自西南四省市53家公司的经验证据

本文以我国西南四省市53家上市公司为样本,基于税盾效应与财务杠杆效应的关联性,运用主成分分析法构建了债务融资效应的综合指标,并运用回归分析法检验了综合指标与上述两种效应之间的相关关系及显著性水平。研究结果显示:无论上市公司盈利的能力是强是弱,提高资产负债率均能在一定程度上增强债务融资综合效应;盈利能力强的公司由于税盾效应与财务杠杆正效应同时存在,应该适度扩大负债比例;盈利能力弱的公司由于税盾效应大于财务杠杆负效应的影响力,同样可以谨慎增加负债,但要防止将来财务杠杆负效应增大而出现的不确定性。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。