技术性贸易壁垒对中国出口贸易影响的实证分析

近午来，我国对外贸易发展很快，其中出口贸易则更为突出。但是在我国进出口额不断攀升的背后是国外层出不穷的技术性贸易壁垒（Technicai Barriers to Trade, TBT）。研究技术性贸易壁垒对中国出口贸易的影响，对认识技术性贸易壁垒及实现出口贸易顺利发展有着重要的现实意义。针对中国贸易现状，政府和企业应采取一系列措施积极应对技术性贸易壁垒，以促进我国出口贸易稳定健康的发展。     

技术性贸易壁垒对中国出口贸易影响的实证分析

近年来,我国对外贸易发展很快,其中出口贸易则更为突出.但是在我国进出口额不断攀升的背后是国外层出不穷的技术性贸易壁垒(Technical Barriers to Trade,TBT).研究技术性贸易壁垒对中国出口贸易的影响,对认识技术性贸易壁垒及实现出口贸易顺利发展有着重要的现实意义.针对中国贸易现状,政府和企业应采取一系列措施积极应对技术性贸易壁垒,以促进我冒出口贸易稳定健康的发展.     

欧盟技术性贸易措施及我国民营中小企业联合应对策略

技术性贸易措施已成为欧盟主要贸易壁垒,它以标准为核心逐渐形成覆盖面广阔的繁杂体系。技术性贸易措施复杂的福利效应和作用机制的两面性导致了应对策略的复杂性。技术性贸易措施的制度化博弈诱发政府、企业和行业协会等组织之间采用联合应对策略。基于上述文献回顾,本文从组织层面探讨了我国民营中小企业与政府、行业协会联合应对欧盟技术性贸易措施的策略。     

欧盟技术性贸易措施及我国民营中小企业联合应对策略北大核心CSSCISSCI

技术性贸易措施已成为欧盟主要贸易壁垒,它以标准为核心逐渐形成覆盖面广阔的繁杂体系。技术性贸易措施复杂的福利效应和作用机制的两面性导致了应对策略的复杂性。技术性贸易措施的制度化博弈诱发政府、企业和行业协会等组织之间采用联合应对策略。基于上述文献回顾,本文从组织层面探讨了我国民营中小企业与政府、行业协会联合应对欧盟技术性贸易措施的策略。     

后危机时代中国机电产品技术性贸易壁垒影响及应对

中国机电产品贸易情况,后危机时代技术性贸易壁垒对中国机电产品出口的表现形式、特点及原因,重点分析其给中国机电产品带来的影响,在此基础上,从政府、行业以及企业等方面提出TBT的预警及应对措施。     

技术性贸易壁垒对我国农产品贸易的影响分析

技术性贸易壁垒(TBT)已成为我国农产品贸易发展的障碍。文章简要介绍了技术性贸易壁垒的作用机制,探讨了技术性贸易壁垒对我国农产品贸易的消极和积极影响,并就农产品贸易如何应对TBT提出了若干对策建议。     

试谈我国TBT预警信息的风险评估与处理

技术性贸易壁垒(Technical Barriers to Trade,简称TBT)已成为影响我国外贸发展的重要障碍.商务部2007年7月11日发布的一项调查显示,2006年我国有15.22%的出口企业受到国外技术性贸易措施不同程度的影响;出口行业遭受直接损失金额达758亿美元,同比增加9.7%;企业为应对国外技术性贸易措施所增加的生产成本为262亿美元,同比增加20.74%.究其原因,除了出口产品弱质性外,大多数企业应对TBT的最大困难是"信息不灵"、"渠道不畅",得不到针对性的有效预警信息支持.这种"信息不对称"比较客观地反映了我国企业目前技术能力和管理水平偏低的现实情况.针对这种情况,我国许多地方都在致力于建立以监控TBT为主的政府或民间机构的预警机制.     

国外农产品技术性贸易壁垒实施状况及影响分析

国际农产品市场上,各国技术性贸易壁垒持续增加,进口检验检疫要求、农药残留限量标准等技术性贸易措施不断变化更新,能否迅速准确地掌握信息已经成为扩大农产品出口的关键。欧盟、日本、韩国是中国农产品出口的主要市场;美国、澳大利亚、新西兰是农产品的大国和强国,在国际农产品技术性贸易措施实施领域处于领先地位。加强对这些国家实施农产品技术性贸易措施情况的分析,有利于我们及时准确地掌握国际技术性措施发展动态,加强应对工作的针对性与效果。     

欧盟技术性贸易壁垒的主要措施及借鉴

欧盟凭借在科技、管理、环保等方面的优势制定并实施了大量的技术性贸易措施,本文重点分析了欧盟以技术法规、技术标准、合格评定程序为主要内容的技术性贸易壁垒。欧盟在实施技术性贸易壁垒的过程中积累了不少宝贵经验,我国应借鉴欧盟的经验,参考国际规范构建我国的技术性贸易壁垒体系。     

欧盟EuPs指令对发展中国家贸易的影响及因应策略

2007年8月11日实施的欧盟用能产品生态设计框架指令（EuPs指令）引起我国政府和企业的普遍关注。该指令对发达国家与发展中国家存在质的差异，对发达国家更多地是一项技术标准，而对发展中国家则是一项技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）措施或是一项技术壁垒（TB）。应针对该指令作为TBT对发展中国家的影响进行理论分析，并为我国企业提出因应对策。     

Trade Structure during Accession to the EU

This article discusses the degree of trade restructuring between the EU and the new member states during the accession process. Intra-industry trade is selected as a composite indicator of trade structure. Factor endowments, market size and distance are the most important determinants of intra-industry trade. The estimations for the OECD countries are used to compute predictions for EU15 trade with the CEE countries. In general, this approach predicts well the EU15 trade structure with CEE, which proves significant restructuring in the new member states. High shares of intra-industry trade imply lower welfare losses and less resistance to further deepening of integration in the participating countries.     

Foreign Trade Patterns Between Estonia and the EU

In this paper, we focus on the development of the foreign trade flows between Estonia and the EU. We observe rapid reorientation of the trade flows from the former Soviet Union towards Western markets because of economic reforms and foreign trade liberalization. Moreover, we determine the commodity groups with a comparative advantage in the EU market and analyze its dynamics. Further analysis of the intra-industry trade (ITT) shows that vertical IIT plays a dominant role in Estonian-EU IIT flows. Shares of total, vertical, and horizontal IIT have grown rapidly since 2004, the year of accession to the EU.     

Trade integration and the EU economic membership criteria

The purpose of this paper is to consider whether the European Union (EU)'s economic membership criteria for the Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) and Cyprus (the Candidate Countries) are fulfilled. To this end, I examine the actual and potential levels of trade between the Candidate Countries and the EU countries using the gravity model. The results show a high degree of trade integration between all Candidate Countries and the EU, indicating that the Candidate Countries would not face any serious difficulties in coping with the competitive pressure and market forces within the Union in the medium term. The European Commission, however, suggested the contrary for some of the Candidate Countries in its opinions of 1997.     

What Determines Sectoral Trade in the Enlarged EU?

In this paper, we estimate a sectoral gravity model for trade within a heterogeneous trade bloc, the enlarged EU, comprised of a high‐income group (wealthiest EU), a middle‐income group (Greece, Portugal and Spain), and a low‐income group (new Central and Eastern European member countries). The estimation was conducted on sectors with different degrees of scale economies and skill‐intensities in the presence of transport costs. The results offer support for the call to incorporate trade theories based on both endowments and scale economies. In addition, whilst integrating poorer countries is beneficial for all of the participants in the bloc, there is still a role for a redistribution policy, such as the EU's Regional Policy, which should comprise a mix of policies, focusing on both income and education/skills, together with infrastructure development.     

Trade Structure and Trade liberalization: The emerging pattern between the EU and Transition Economies

The purpose of this study is to find empirical evidence for the assumption that trade liberalization unlocks the potential of the Transition Economies (TEs) to achieve technological upgrading, productivity progress and catching-up (in terms of income). The study examines the trade structure now emerging between the European Union (EU) and the TEs in the light of two sets of differently liberalized trade items identified by the European Agreements. The aim is to determine whether trade liberalization has helped to supersede the structures – reflected mainly in the low quality of products – inherited by the TEs from the command economy. The empirical results are interpreted in the light of the Flam-Helpman quality-cycle model. We find evidence of an ongoing division of labor between high quality products (EU) and low quality products (TEs) according to a cycle. The first stage comprises the already well established dominance of quality advantage products by EU countries producing and exporting high-quality products, which crowd out the TEs' production of similar products. The second stage is the exploitation of cost-advantages by TEs in less liberalized trade, and there they appear to achieve better results. All these results may be taken as support for an active government in TEs.     

EU Enlargement and Trade Integration: Lessons from a Gravity Model

The authors estimate gravity models using a large panel of bilateral trade flows across 61 countries between 1980 and 2003, which are applied as a benchmark for the integration of Central and South Eastern European countries with the euro area. They show that a careful examination of the fixed effects of the model is crucial for the proper interpretation of the results. The results suggest that trade integration between most new EU member states and the euro area is already relatively advanced, while the remaining Central and Eastern European countries have significant scope to strengthen trade links with the euro area.     

中欧服务业产业内贸易实证研究

由服务贸易的比较优势和产业内贸易研究概况,引出对中欧服务业产业内贸易的实证分析。基于2004～2009年中欧服务贸易数据测算出GL指数和MIIT指数,发现了各服务部门产业内贸易发展的不同态势。选取人均GDP、服务贸易开放程度和对外贸易不平衡程度作为自变量,即影响因素,但均未表现出与产业内贸易指数较强的相关性。     

On the Aggregate Impact of Exchange Rate Variability on EU Trade

The paper assesses the aggregate impact of exchange rate variability on EU trade. A small econometric model is constructed and estimated for five countries: France, Italy, Germany, the UK and Belgium. The results show that there exists a long-term relationship between trade variables and relative costs, demand, exchange rates and expected exchange rates. No such relation exists with respect to volatility. It is also found that while the most important determinants of trade variables are relative wages and demand, variability is also responsible for a decrease in the growth rate of these variables.     

Quotas on Clothing Imports: Impact and Determinants of EU Trade Policy

We assess the impact of the phasing‐out of quotas on European clothing imports within the framework of the phase‐out of the Multi‐Fiber Agreement and the accession of the CEEC. We use 1996 data on trade barriers for 20 categories of clothing products and 22 exporters. The estimation of a standard gravity equation concludes that tariffs have a large and negative impact as expected but seldom corroborated in the literature. The negative impact of non‐tariff barriers also appears clearly after controlling for an endogeneity bias by the instrumental variables method. The phasing‐out of quotas should increase EU imports by 20%.     

东扩对中国欧盟贸易发展的影响与对策

新入盟的中东欧新成员国与中国经济发展水平相近,产业结构类似,同中国在贸易领域具有较大的竞争性,东扩成为影响中欧贸易的重大事件.本文对东扩之后中欧贸易的发展分别进行了理论和实证分析,认为尽管理论分析的结果不容乐观,但是实际上由于诸多因素的共同作用.东扩之后中欧贸易仍然保持了良好的发展势头.本文还对东扩对中欧贸易的负面影响、进行分析,提出必须要高度重视这些负面影响,并对东扩后中欧贸易发展提出了针对性的对策建议.